Areas / Transport

Transport

TCP, UDP, QUIC and congestion control.

831 RFCs · 831 with AI ELI5 · 0 summaries · 0 index pages

With AI ELI5 831

RFC 2205 RSVP Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) -- Version 1 Functional Specification How receivers ask routers along a path to set aside bandwidth and other resources for a data flow, for unicast and multicast. RFC 5357 TWAMP A Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) Measure round-trip network performance by bouncing test packets off a reflector, using the same architecture as OWAMP. RFC 1006 ISO TP on TCP ISO Transport Service on top of the TCP Version: 3 How to run ISO transport service over a TCP connection, so ISO applications could be tried out on the Internet. RFC 4340 DCCP Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) A transport protocol that keeps a connection and plays fair with congestion, but never resends lost data. RFC 4787 NAT UDP Requirements Network Address Translation (NAT) Behavioral Requirements for Unicast UDP What a NAT should do with UDP so that calls, video and games keep working through it. RFC 4656 OWAMP A One-way Active Measurement Protocol (OWAMP) A standard way to ask two hosts to measure one-way delay and loss between them, in one direction at a time. RFC 9293 TCP Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) The reliable, ordered byte stream that most of the Internet is built on. RFC 2330 IPPM Framework Framework for IP Performance Metrics The shared vocabulary and ground rules for defining Internet performance metrics so that measurements mean the same thing to everyone. RFC 4585 RTP/AVPF Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/AVPF) Lets RTP receivers send quick, targeted feedback about lost media without breaking RTCP's bandwidth limits. RFC 3095 ROHC RObust Header Compression (ROHC): Framework and four profiles: RTP, UDP, ESP, and uncompressed A header compression framework built for lossy, high-latency links such as cellular radio, with profiles for RTP, UDP, ESP and uncompressed packets. RFC 8085 UDP Usage Guidelines UDP Usage Guidelines A design checklist for anyone building on UDP, centered on the fact that UDP will not slow down for you when the network is congested. RFC 5681 TCP Congestion Control TCP Congestion Control The rules that make TCP start gently, grow carefully and back off when the network shows signs of overload. RFC 2914 Congestion Control Principles Why the Internet needs every sender to back off when the network is overloaded, and what counts as doing it correctly. RFC 107 Output of the Host-Host Protocol Glitch Cleaning Committee A 1971 committee's fixes to the first ARPANET Host-Host Protocol, from byte streams to new flow control. RFC 7530 NFSv4 Network File System (NFS) Version 4 Protocol The fourth version of NFS: remote files with built-in locking, strong security, batched requests and client caching. RFC 5382 NAT for TCP NAT Behavioral Requirements for TCP Ten rules for NATs so that peer-to-peer apps and games can open TCP connections through them. RFC 4342 DCCP CCID 3 Profile for Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) Congestion Control ID 3: TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) A smooth, TCP-friendly sending-rate controller for DCCP, driven by receiver reports of loss events. RFC 4821 PLPMTUD Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery Find the largest packet a path can carry by testing it with bigger packets, instead of trusting ICMP error messages. RFC 2597 Assured Forwarding Assured Forwarding PHB Group Four forwarding classes, three drop precedences each: how a congested router decides whose packets to discard first. RFC 4145 SDP TCP media TCP-Based Media Transport in the Session Description Protocol (SDP) How an SDP session description says that media flows over TCP, and who dials whom. RFC 2961 RSVP refresh reduction RSVP Refresh Overhead Reduction Extensions Ways for RSVP routers to keep reservations alive and recover from lost messages without flooding each other with refreshes. RFC 5590 SNMP transport subsystem Transport Subsystem for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) A pluggable slot in the SNMP architecture so management messages can ride over secure transports such as SSH and TLS. RFC 5044 MPA Marker PDU Aligned Framing for TCP Specification How MPA wraps DDP records in TCP with lengths, CRCs and periodic markers so record boundaries survive. RFC 6040 ECN Tunnelling Tunnelling of Explicit Congestion Notification How the two congestion bits in an IP header should be copied into and out of IP-in-IP tunnels. RFC 7679 IPPM One-Way Delay A One-Way Delay Metric for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) A precise definition of what 'one-way delay' means for an Internet packet, and how to sample and summarize it. RFC 8261 SCTP over DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Encapsulation of SCTP Packets How to carry SCTP packets inside DTLS, so SCTP gets encryption and NAT-friendly transport without knowing what is underneath. RFC 6363 FEC Framework Forward Error Correction (FEC) Framework A common frame that lets any streaming protocol use any FEC code to survive packet loss. RFC 7641 CoAP Observe Observing Resources in the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Ask a CoAP server once and get told whenever a resource changes, without polling. RFC 7680 IPPM One-Way Loss A One-Way Loss Metric for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) How to define and report whether a single test packet made it across an Internet path, and how often. RFC 5925 TCP-AO The TCP Authentication Option A TCP option that stamps every segment with a keyed authentication code, replacing the old TCP MD5 signature. RFC 5591 SNMP transport security Transport Security Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) An SNMP security model that takes the sender's identity and protection level from a secure transport instead of doing its own cryptography. RFC 7959 CoAP Block-Wise Block-Wise Transfers in the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) How CoAP sends and receives large payloads as a series of small numbered blocks, without relying on IP fragmentation. RFC 2018 TCP SACK TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options How a TCP receiver can tell the sender exactly which out-of-order blocks it already holds, so only the gaps are resent. RFC 4594 DiffServ classes Configuration Guidelines for DiffServ Service Classes A set of 'project plans' for building twelve DiffServ service classes with consistent code points, queues and policers. RFC 4172 iFCP iFCP - A Protocol for Internet Fibre Channel Storage Networking Gateways that carry Fibre Channel storage traffic across ordinary TCP/IP networks. RFC 9000 QUIC QUIC: A UDP-Based Multiplexed and Secure Transport A modern UDP-based transport with built-in encryption, multiplexing, and connection migration RFC 5040 RDMAP A Remote Direct Memory Access Protocol Specification How one computer reads and writes another's memory directly, without extra copies or CPU work. RFC 5041 DDP Direct Data Placement over Reliable Transports A header format that lets a network card write incoming data straight into the application's own buffer, without an extra copy. RFC 3828 UDP-Lite The Lightweight User Datagram Protocol (UDP-Lite) UDP with a flexible checksum, so damaged audio or video can still reach the application. RFC 4774 ECN alternate semantics Specifying Alternate Semantics for the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Field The ground rules for anyone who wants the IP ECN bits to mean something other than what RFC 3168 says. RFC 3320 SigComp Signaling Compression (SigComp) A way to squeeze text-based signaling messages like SIP by shipping a tiny virtual machine that knows how to unpack them. RFC 5348 TFRC TCP Friendly Rate Control (TFRC): Protocol Specification A congestion control mechanism that shares bandwidth fairly with TCP but changes its sending rate much more smoothly. RFC 8762 STAMP Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol A simple, interoperable way to send test packets between two endpoints and measure delay, delay variation and loss. RFC 2663 NAT Terminology IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology and Considerations A shared vocabulary for the different kinds of Network Address Translator, and what each one breaks. RFC 1144 VJ Header Compression Compressing TCP/IP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links How a 40-byte TCP/IP header shrinks to about 3 bytes on a slow dial-up serial line, by sending only what changed. RFC 5043 SCTP DDP Adaptation Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Direct Data Placement (DDP) Adaptation How Direct Data Placement rides on SCTP: unordered chunks, a private sequence number and a small session handshake. RFC 1833 ONC RPC Binding Binding Protocols for ONC RPC Version 2 How an ONC RPC client finds which transport address a server program is listening on, using one well-known lookup service on port 111. RFC 4737 Reordering metrics Packet Reordering Metrics A toolkit of measurements for answering how badly, how often and how far apart a network shuffles packets. RFC 3246 EF PHB An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop Behavior) A precise definition of a router's fast lane: serve marked packets at a configured rate, no matter what else is queued. RFC 5052 FEC Building Block Forward Error Correction (FEC) Building Block A framework for using forward error correction codes in reliable multicast and other content delivery protocols. RFC 4341 DCCP CCID 2 Profile for Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) Congestion Control ID 2: TCP-like Congestion Control How DCCP can borrow TCP's congestion control, including for its acknowledgements, without ever retransmitting data. RFC 6083 DTLS for SCTP Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) for Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) How to protect SCTP associations with DTLS while keeping streams, unordered delivery and partial reliability. RFC 6391 FAT PW Flow-Aware Transport of Pseudowires over an MPLS Packet Switched Network Adds a flow label to pseudowire packets so MPLS routers can spread traffic across equal-cost paths. RFC 6679 ECN for RTP Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) for RTP over UDP How real-time audio and video over UDP can hear routers' congestion marks and slow down before packets are dropped. RFC 6888 CGN Requirements Common Requirements for Carrier-Grade NATs (CGNs) The minimum rules an ISP-run NAT must follow so that many customers can share one public IPv4 address fairly and with fewer broken apps. RFC 2210 RSVP with IntServ The Use of RSVP with IETF Integrated Services How RSVP carries the traffic, path and reservation data for Controlled-Load and Guaranteed service. RFC 6056 Port Randomization Recommendations for Transport-Protocol Port Randomization Five ways for a host to pick unpredictable client port numbers, so blind attackers cannot guess which connection to hit. RFC 5928 TURN resolution Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) Resolution Mechanism How a TURN client turns a configured host name into an ordered list of servers to try, using S-NAPTR and SRV lookups. RFC 8325 Diffserv to 802.11 Mapping Diffserv to IEEE 802.11 How to translate wired IP priority markings into Wi-Fi User Priorities so voice, video and data keep the treatment they were meant to get. RFC 1633 IntServ Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: an Overview The architecture that proposed adding guaranteed and predictive real-time service, and link sharing, to best-effort IP. RFC 7567 AQM Recommendations IETF Recommendations Regarding Active Queue Management Why routers and other network devices should manage their queues actively, and what a good queue-management algorithm should look like. RFC 8122 SDP over TLS Connection-Oriented Media Transport over the Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol in the Session Description Protocol (SDP) How a media stream described in SDP can run over TLS, with a certificate fingerprint standing in for a trusted signer. RFC 8166 RPC-over-RDMA v1 Remote Direct Memory Access Transport for Remote Procedure Call Version 1 How Remote Procedure Call messages ride on RDMA networks, with big data placed straight into the receiver's memory. RFC 2508 CRTP Compressing IP/UDP/RTP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links How to squeeze the 40 bytes of IP, UDP and RTP headers down to 2-4 bytes on slow dial-up links. RFC 3819 Subnetwork Design Advice Advice for Internet Subnetwork Designers What link-layer and local-network designers should know so their technology works well with IP and TCP. RFC 3241 ROHC over PPP Robust Header Compression (ROHC) over PPP How two ends of a PPP link agree to squeeze IP packet headers with ROHC, using a new option in IPCP and IPV6CP. RFC 3436 TLS over SCTP Transport Layer Security over Stream Control Transmission Protocol How to run TLS on top of SCTP, one TLS connection per bi-directional stream. RFC 5663 pNFS block layout Parallel NFS (pNFS) Block/Volume Layout How NFS clients read and write file data straight on SAN block storage, with the server only handing out maps. RFC 5961 TCP blind-attack fixes Improving TCP's Robustness to Blind In-Window Attacks Small changes to how TCP checks incoming RST, SYN and data segments, so a blind attacker cannot easily tear down or corrupt a connection. RFC 8842 DTLS in SDP Session Description Protocol (SDP) Offer/Answer Considerations for Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) A single SDP attribute, tls-id, says whether two endpoints should reuse their DTLS association or start a new one. RFC 2212 Guaranteed Service Specification of Guaranteed Quality of Service What a router must do to give a flow a provable cap on queueing delay and no queue-overflow loss. RFC 3758 SCTP PR Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Partial Reliability Extension Lets an SCTP sender give up on stale data and tell the receiver to skip ahead. RFC 5124 RTP/SAVPF Extended Secure RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/SAVPF) A combined RTP profile that gives encrypted, authenticated media sessions the fast receiver feedback of AVPF. RFC 3390 TCP initial window Increasing TCP's Initial Window TCP may open a connection with up to four segments in flight instead of one or two, saving round trips on short transfers. RFC 1001 NetBIOS over TCP/UDP Protocol standard for a NetBIOS service on a TCP/UDP transport: Concepts and methods How to run the PC-era NetBIOS naming, session and datagram services on top of TCP and UDP. RFC 1002 NetBIOS over TCP/UDP Protocol standard for a NetBIOS service on a TCP/UDP transport: Detailed specifications The exact packet layouts, codes, procedures and constants for NetBIOS over TCP and UDP. RFC 3321 SigComp extensions Signaling Compression (SigComp) - Extended Operations Optional SigComp techniques that let later messages reuse earlier ones, using only instructions the UDVM already has. RFC 3821 FCIP Fibre Channel Over TCP/IP (FCIP) How to stretch a Fibre Channel storage network across an IP network by carrying its frames inside TCP connections. RFC 5644 IPPM spatial/multicast IP Performance Metrics (IPPM): Spatial and Multicast IPPM metrics that look inside a path, segment by segment, and across a whole multicast group. RFC 7143 iSCSI Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) Protocol (Consolidated) How SCSI storage commands travel over ordinary TCP/IP networks, all consolidated into a single specification. RFC 3042 TCP Limited Transmit Enhancing TCP's Loss Recovery Using Limited Transmit A small TCP tweak: send new data on the first two duplicate ACKs so a lost segment is found by Fast Retransmit instead of a slow timeout. RFC 4022 TCP MIB Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) The SNMP objects that let a network manager watch and manage TCP, for both IPv4 and IPv6. RFC 9260 SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol A message-oriented, multi-streamed, multihomed transport protocol that fixes several of TCP's limits. RFC 8305 Happy Eyeballs v2 Happy Eyeballs Version 2: Better Connectivity Using Concurrency Race connection attempts to IPv6 and IPv4 addresses with short delays so users get a working connection fast. RFC 2211 Controlled-Load Service Specification of the Controlled-Load Network Element Service What a router must do to give a flow the experience of a lightly loaded network, even when the network is busy. RFC 6247 TCP ext. to Historic Moving the Undeployed TCP Extensions RFC 1072, RFC 1106, RFC 1110, RFC 1145, RFC 1146, RFC 1379, RFC 1644, and RFC 1693 to Historic Status The paperwork that officially marks eight never-deployed TCP extension RFCs as Historic. RFC 3843 ROHC IP-Only Profile RObust Header Compression (ROHC): A Compression Profile for IP A ROHC profile that compresses plain IP headers on their own, with no UDP or RTP above them. RFC 4326 ULE Unidirectional Lightweight Encapsulation (ULE) for Transmission of IP Datagrams over an MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS) A thin wrapper that lets IPv4 and IPv6 packets ride inside the fixed 188-byte packets of digital TV broadcasts. RFC 5595 DCCP service codes The Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) Service Codes How a 32-bit Service Code in DCCP names the service a client wants, so port numbers no longer have to do all the work. RFC 6951 UDP Encapsulation of Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Packets for End-Host to End-Host Communication Wrapping SCTP packets in UDP so they cross legacy NATs and can run in applications without special privileges. RFC 3393 IP delay variation IP Packet Delay Variation Metric for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) A precise way to measure how much packet travel times wobble, without needing perfectly synchronized clocks. RFC 3721 iSCSI Naming Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) Naming and Discovery Worked examples of how iSCSI names are built, what aliases are for, and how initiators find targets. RFC 5061 SCTP Dynamic Addresses Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Dynamic Address Reconfiguration How an SCTP association adds, removes and re-prefers IP addresses while it keeps running. RFC 8311 ECN Experimentation Relaxing Restrictions on Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Experimentation A process memo that loosens old ECN rules so researchers can run congestion experiments, provided each is approved in an Experimental RFC. RFC 7805 Moving Outdated TCP Extensions and TCP-Related Documents to Historic or Informational Status A clean-up RFC that formally marks old TCP documents Historic or Informational so nobody mistakes them for current rules. RFC 3424 UNSAF considerations IAB Considerations for UNilateral Self-Address Fixing (UNSAF) Across Network Address Translation The IAB explains why learning your own outside address from behind a NAT is only ever a short-term fix. RFC 9341 Alternate-Marking Alternate-Marking Method Measure packet loss, delay and jitter on live traffic by flipping a marking bit in packet headers. RFC 4727 Experimental values Experimental Values In IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4, ICMPv6, UDP, and TCP Headers Reserved numbers in IP, ICMP, UDP and TCP headers that experimenters can use without colliding with real assignments. RFC 5622 DCCP CCID 4 Profile for Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) Congestion ID 4: TCP-Friendly Rate Control for Small Packets (TFRC-SP) DCCP congestion control for senders of small packets, built on TFRC-SP and kept deliberately experimental. RFC 6613 RADIUS over TCP RADIUS over TCP How RADIUS can run over TCP instead of UDP, and the rules that keep it safe and sane. RFC 2357 Reliable Multicast Criteria IETF Criteria for Evaluating Reliable Multicast Transport and Application Protocols The checklist the IETF Transport Area said a reliable multicast protocol must pass before it could become an RFC. RFC 4895 SCTP-AUTH Authenticated Chunks for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) A way for SCTP endpoints to prove that chunks really came from their peer, using an HMAC and shared keys. RFC 5506 Reduced-size RTCP Support for Reduced-Size Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP): Opportunities and Consequences Lets feedback messages in an RTP session travel as small RTCP packets instead of always riding in a full compound packet. RFC 9001 QUIC-TLS Using TLS to Secure QUIC How QUIC borrows the TLS 1.3 handshake to get keys, then uses those keys to protect every packet itself. RFC 7022 RTCP CNAME Guidelines for Choosing RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Canonical Names (CNAMEs) How RTP endpoints should pick RTCP CNAMEs that are unique, using random values instead of host names or addresses. RFC 7336 CDNI framework Framework for Content Distribution Network Interconnection (CDNI) The big-picture framework for letting one content delivery network hand work to another: five interfaces and how they fit together. RFC 4019 ROHC UDP-Lite RObust Header Compression (ROHC): Profiles for User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Lite Two header compression profiles that teach ROHC how to handle UDP-Lite's Checksum Coverage field. RFC 4719 Ethernet over L2TPv3 Transport of Ethernet Frames over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3) How to carry Ethernet frames across an IP network as an L2TPv3 pseudowire, so two distant LANs act like one link. RFC 5129 ECN in MPLS Explicit Congestion Marking in MPLS How MPLS routers can use spare EXP codepoints to signal congestion without dropping packets. RFC 5238 DTLS over DCCP Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) over the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) How to carry DTLS-secured traffic inside DCCP packets, and where the two protocols' rules meet. RFC 7983 SRTP-DTLS Multiplexing Multiplexing Scheme Updates for Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) Extension for Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) How one UDP port can carry STUN, ZRTP, DTLS, TURN channels and RTP by looking at the first byte. RFC 8999 QUIC Invariants Version-Independent Properties of QUIC The short list of QUIC properties that every version must keep, so new versions can always be deployed. RFC 2681 Round-trip Delay Metric A Round-trip Delay Metric for IPPM A precise definition of how to measure the time a packet takes to reach a host and for the reply to return. RFC 2883 SACK extension An Extension to the Selective Acknowledgement (SACK) Option for TCP How a TCP receiver can use the SACK option to tell the sender which data arrived more than once. RFC 3432 Periodic stream metrics Network performance measurement with periodic streams Send packets at steady, evenly spaced times to measure the delay and loss that real-time media would see. RFC 3539 AAA Transport Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) Transport Profile Why reliable transport behaves awkwardly for login and accounting traffic, and what AAA protocols should do about it. RFC 6936 IPv6 Zero UDP Checksum Applicability Statement for the Use of IPv6 UDP Datagrams with Zero Checksums When an IPv6 tunnel may skip the UDP checksum, and the rules that make it safe enough. RFC 8083 RTP Circuit Breakers Multimedia Congestion Control: Circuit Breakers for Unicast RTP Sessions Four last-resort safety switches that tell an RTP sender to stop when its media flow is hurting the network. RFC 8831 WebRTC data channels WebRTC Data Channels How browsers send arbitrary non-media data to each other: SCTP carried over DTLS over ICE/UDP. RFC 7667 RTP Topologies RTP Topologies A catalogue of the ways RTP endpoints, mixers, translators and conferencing boxes can be wired together. RFC 5651 LCT building block Layered Coding Transport (LCT) Building Block The common packet header for scalable one-to-many content and stream delivery over IP multicast. RFC 5740 NORM NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) Transport Protocol Reliable bulk data delivery to a multicast group, where receivers only speak up when something is missing. RFC 5775 ALC Asynchronous Layered Coding (ALC) Protocol Instantiation Reliable file delivery to a huge audience over multicast, with no feedback from receivers at all. RFC 5795 ROHC Framework The RObust Header Compression (ROHC) Framework The common rulebook for squeezing IP, UDP, RTP and TCP headers over links that lose and corrupt packets. RFC 8285 RTP Header Extensions A General Mechanism for RTP Header Extensions A way to carry several small, named extensions in each RTP packet header, agreed on through SDP. RFC 6012 Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Transport Mapping for Syslog How to carry syslog messages over DTLS on UDP or DCCP, with encryption, authentication and replay protection. RFC 4362 ROHC Link-Layer Profile RObust Header Compression (ROHC): A Link-Layer Assisted Profile for IP/UDP/RTP A ROHC profile that, with help from the link layer, can send most real-time packets with no compressed header at all. RFC 2207 RSVP for IPsec RSVP Extensions for IPSEC Data Flows How RSVP can reserve resources for individual IPsec flows by using the SPI where ports would normally be. RFC 8899 DPLPMTUD Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery for Datagram Transports How a sender of datagrams finds the biggest packet a network path will carry, by probing instead of waiting for error messages. RFC 7141 Byte vs Packet Congestion Byte and Packet Congestion Notification Should a congested router treat small and large packets differently when it drops or marks them? This BCP says no. RFC 7799 Active and Passive Metrics and Methods (with Hybrid Types In-Between) Precise definitions of active, passive and hybrid network measurement, and the dimensions for comparing them. RFC 7414 TCP roadmap A Roadmap for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Specification Documents A guide to which RFCs define TCP, which extend it, and which ended up on the shelf. RFC 9438 CUBIC CUBIC for Fast and Long-Distance Networks The TCP congestion control algorithm that grows its sending window along a cubic curve, built for fast, long-distance networks. RFC 3453 FEC for multicast The Use of Forward Error Correction (FEC) in Reliable Multicast Why sending extra coded repair packets lets one multicast sender fix different losses at many receivers at once. RFC 2848 PINT The PINT Service Protocol: Extensions to SIP and SDP for IP Access to Telephone Call Services SIP and SDP extended so an IP host can ask the telephone network to place a call, send a fax or read out content. RFC 3081 BEEP over TCP Mapping the BEEP Core onto TCP How a BEEP session runs on one TCP connection, and the window-based flow control BEEP adds on top so channels do not starve each other. RFC 5618 TWAMP mixed mode Mixed Security Mode for the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) A TWAMP extension that lets the control channel be strongly protected while the test packets stay unauthenticated. RFC 6364 Session Description Protocol Elements for the Forward Error Correction (FEC) Framework How to write down the settings of a Forward Error Correction setup using SDP session descriptions. RFC 9002 QUIC Loss/CC QUIC Loss Detection and Congestion Control How a QUIC sender decides a packet is lost, when to send probes, and how fast it may send. RFC 3822 FCIP SLPv2 Discovery Finding Fibre Channel over TCP/IP (FCIP) Entities Using Service Location Protocol version 2 (SLPv2) How FCIP gateways advertise themselves and find each other using the Service Location Protocol, with two service templates. RFC 4173 iSCSI boot Bootstrapping Clients using the Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) Protocol How a diskless computer finds an iSCSI storage server and gets enough information to boot from it. RFC 5597 DCCP NAT requirements Network Address Translation (NAT) Behavioral Requirements for the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol Thirteen rules that tell NATs how to carry DCCP connections so applications keep working. RFC 6792 RTP monitoring Guidelines for Use of the RTP Monitoring Framework Guidelines for designing reusable RTP monitoring report blocks. RFC 8084 Transport CBs Network Transport Circuit Breakers A last-resort safety switch that cuts off traffic causing persistent, excessive congestion when nothing else slows it down. RFC 3140 PHB ID Codes Per Hop Behavior Identification Codes A 16-bit code that names a Differentiated Services Per Hop Behavior, or a set of them, inside protocol messages. RFC 7402 HIP ESP Using the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Transport Format with the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) How two hosts that have authenticated with HIP turn their shared secret into ESP-protected data traffic. RFC 5045 RDMA/DDP Applicability Applicability of Remote Direct Memory Access Protocol (RDMA) and Direct Data Placement (DDP) A guide to when RDMA and direct data placement over IP are worth using, and how to choose between SCTP and TCP underneath. RFC 5811 ForCES SCTP TML SCTP-Based Transport Mapping Layer (TML) for the Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Protocol How ForCES control and forwarding elements talk over SCTP, using three prioritized channels. RFC 6525 SCTP Stream Reset Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Stream Reconfiguration How two SCTP endpoints restart stream numbering, add streams and reset sequence numbers without closing the association. RFC 4113 UDP MIB Management Information Base for the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) The standard set of SNMP objects for counting UDP traffic and listing the UDP endpoints on a machine, for both IPv4 and IPv6. RFC 2719 Framework Architecture for Signaling Transport The architecture for carrying telephone-network signaling messages across IP networks. RFC 3303 MIDCOM architecture Middlebox communication architecture and framework A framework for letting trusted helper agents tell firewalls and NATs which dynamic traffic to allow. RFC 5050 Bundle Protocol Bundle Protocol Specification A store-and-forward protocol for moving bundles of data across networks with long delays and broken connections. RFC 6817 LEDBAT Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT) A congestion control scheme that lets background transfers use spare bandwidth and step aside when other traffic shows up. RFC 7413 TCP Fast Open TCP Fast Open Let a returning client put its first request inside the TCP SYN packet and save a round trip. RFC 3540 ECN Nonce Robust Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Signaling with Nonces A one-bit running sum that lets a TCP sender catch a receiver hiding congestion marks. RFC 6582 TCP NewReno The NewReno Modification to TCP's Fast Recovery Algorithm How a TCP sender without SACK recovers from several lost packets in one window without timing out or shrinking its window again and again. RFC 6660 PCN 3-in-1 Encoding Encoding Three Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) States in the IP Header Using a Single Diffserv Codepoint (DSCP) How three levels of pre-congestion warning ride in the ECN bits of an IP header beside one Diffserv codepoint. RFC 6675 SACK Loss Recovery A Conservative Loss Recovery Algorithm Based on Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) A conservative way for TCP senders to use SACK information to recover several lost segments in one flight. RFC 6726 FLUTE FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport How to broadcast files to many receivers at once, with no feedback channel, by sending a table that describes each file. RFC 8622 LE PHB A Lower-Effort Per-Hop Behavior (LE PHB) for Differentiated Services A traffic class for data that should only use the network when nobody else wants it. RFC 9342 Clustered Alt-Marking Clustered Alternate-Marking Method Measure packet loss and delay across networks where a flow's packets take many paths, by counting at the cluster level. RFC 2488 TCP over Satellite Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms Standard TCP and link-level mechanisms that help TCP fill long, high-delay satellite paths. RFC 3048 Reliable Multicast Transport Building Blocks for One-to-Many Bulk-Data Transfer A plan for building reliable one-to-many data transfer from reusable parts instead of one-off protocols. RFC 4080 NSIS Framework Next Steps in Signaling (NSIS): Framework The two-layer architecture for signaling along a data flow's path, from QoS reservations to firewall control. RFC 7857 NAT44 Behavior Updates Updates to Network Address Translation (NAT) Behavioral Requirements Clarifications and updates to the rules for IPv4 NAT behavior, drawn from operational experience. RFC 2215 General Characterization Parameters for Integrated Service Network Elements The shared set of numbers every Integrated Services router reports about itself, and how they add up along a path. RFC 2686 MC-MLPPP The Multi-Class Extension to Multi-Link PPP Spare bits in the PPP Multilink header become a class number, so urgent real-time fragments can slip between pieces of big packets on slow links. RFC 2746 RSVP over Tunnels RSVP Operation Over IP Tunnels How tunnel endpoints run RSVP between themselves so end-to-end reservations can cross an IP-in-IP tunnel. RFC 3389 RTP comfort noise Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload for Comfort Noise (CN) A tiny RTP payload that tells the listener how loud and what color the background hiss should be during silence. RFC 4618 PPP/HDLC over MPLS Encapsulation Methods for Transport of PPP/High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) over MPLS Networks Carrying PPP and HDLC links across an MPLS network as pseudowires, without ending the link protocol. RFC 4820 SCTP Padding Chunk Padding Chunk and Parameter for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Two empty filler containers that let SCTP senders make a packet or an INIT chunk any size they need. RFC 5426 Syslog over UDP Transmission of Syslog Messages over UDP The mandatory-to-implement way to carry syslog messages in single UDP datagrams, and what that costs you. RFC 5670 PCN metering/marking Metering and Marking Behaviour of PCN-Nodes How routers measure pre-congestion and mark packets as an early warning before queues build up. RFC 5926 TCP-AO algorithms Cryptographic Algorithms for the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO) The two MAC algorithms and two key derivation functions every TCP-AO implementation must support. RFC 8825 WebRTC overview Overview: Real-Time Protocols for Browser-Based Applications A roadmap listing which specifications a browser or device must implement for real-time audio, video and data. RFC 8832 WebRTC DCEP WebRTC Data Channel Establishment Protocol How two browsers open a named, tunable message channel inside one SCTP connection with a two-message handshake. RFC 9601 ECN across shim headers Propagating Explicit Congestion Notification across IP Tunnel Headers Separated by a Shim Clarifies that ECN propagation rules cover tunnels with shim headers, and tells operators how to make older tunnel ingresses safe. RFC 908 RDP Reliable Data Protocol A small, connection-oriented transport for loading and debugging, with reliable delivery but optional ordering. RFC 4138 F-RTO Forward RTO-Recovery (F-RTO): An Algorithm for Detecting Spurious Retransmission Timeouts with TCP and the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) A sender-only trick for noticing that a TCP timeout was a false alarm, so the sender does not resend a whole window of data. RFC 7360 RADIUS over DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) as a Transport Layer for RADIUS RADIUS keeps its packet format but travels inside DTLS, trading fixed shared secrets for real transport security. RFC 5445 Basic FEC Schemes Basic Forward Error Correction (FEC) Schemes Four simple schemes that say how to label and describe repair data for reliable multicast. RFC 8656 TURN Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN): Relay Extensions to Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) How a host stuck behind a NAT borrows a public relay server to swap packets with its peers. RFC 998 NETBLT NETBLT: A bulk data transfer protocol A bulk transfer protocol that sends big buffers at a negotiated rate instead of using small windows. RFC 2697 srTCM A Single Rate Three Color Marker A two-bucket meter that tags each packet green, yellow or red depending on how well it fits an agreed rate and burst size. RFC 2983 Diffserv and Tunnels Differentiated Services and Tunnels How priority markings on packets should behave when packets are wrapped inside another IP header. RFC 2998 A Framework for Integrated Services Operation over Diffserv Networks How per-flow reservations made with RSVP can work end to end across a Diffserv network that only treats traffic by class. RFC 5559 PCN architecture Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) Architecture An early-warning scheme that lets a Diffserv network admit new real-time flows only when there is room, and shed a few when things go wrong. RFC 6458 SCTP sockets API Sockets API Extensions for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) How programs use SCTP through the familiar sockets API, in one-to-one and one-to-many styles. RFC 4171 iSNS Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS) A directory service that lets storage devices on an IP network find each other and be managed from one place. RFC 4717 ATM over MPLS Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) over MPLS Networks How to carry ATM cells and AAL5 frames across an MPLS network inside a pseudowire. RFC 5047 iSCSI Datamover DA: Datamover Architecture for the Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) A model that lets iSCSI hand the job of moving data to a separate layer, so it can run over RDMA-style transports. RFC 5053 Raptor FEC Raptor Forward Error Correction Scheme for Object Delivery A fountain code that lets a sender stream endless repair data so receivers can rebuild a file from whatever pieces arrive. RFC 5225 ROHCv2 RObust Header Compression Version 2 (ROHCv2): Profiles for RTP, UDP, IP, ESP and UDP-Lite A second generation of header compression profiles that survives packet loss and reordering on slow links. RFC 5592 SNMP over SSH Secure Shell Transport Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) How SNMP management traffic can ride inside an SSH session, reusing the SSH logins and keys operators already have. RFC 5596 DCCP simultaneous open Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) Simultaneous-Open Technique to Facilitate NAT/Middlebox Traversal Adds the DCCP-Listen packet so a DCCP server behind a NAT or firewall can punch a hole and let a client connect. RFC 5662 NFSv4.1 XDR Network File System (NFS) Version 4 Minor Version 1 External Data Representation Standard (XDR) Description The machine-readable XDR file that spells out every message format in NFS version 4.1. RFC 5682 F-RTO Forward RTO-Recovery (F-RTO): An Algorithm for Detecting Spurious Retransmission Timeouts with TCP How a TCP sender can tell that a retransmission timeout fired too early, and skip the needless resending. RFC 6581 Enhanced Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) Connection Establishment A better opening handshake for RDMA over TCP and SCTP, with peer-to-peer setup and standard read-queue negotiation. RFC 6935 IPv6 Zero UDP Checksum IPv6 and UDP Checksums for Tunneled Packets Why IPv6 tunnels over UDP are allowed to send a zero checksum, and the conditions that make it safe enough. RFC 7717 IKEv2 Keys for TWAMP IKEv2-Derived Shared Secret Key for the One-Way Active Measurement Protocol (OWAMP) and Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) Lets two network-measurement endpoints reuse a key from an existing IKEv2 security association instead of provisioning a shared passphrase. RFC 8108 Multi-Stream RTP Sending Multiple RTP Streams in a Single RTP Session How RTP endpoints that send several streams in one session should behave, especially when sending RTCP reports. RFC 8972 STAMP Extensions Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol Optional Extensions Optional add-on fields that let STAMP test packets carry location, timing, class-of-service and integrity data. RFC 9868 UDP options Transport Options for UDP How UDP gets room for header options, by using the spare bytes after the user data. RFC 9869 DPLPMTUD for UDP options Datagram Packetization Layer Path MTU Discovery (DPLPMTUD) for UDP Options How a UDP sender uses the REQ and RES options to find the largest datagram a path will carry. RFC 9956 NQB PHB A Non-Queue-Building Per-Hop Behavior (NQB PHB) for Differentiated Services A separate shallow-buffered queue, marked with DSCP 45, so small smooth flows avoid the delay caused by big capacity-seeking ones. RFC 2678 IPPM Connectivity IPPM Metrics for Measuring Connectivity Precise definitions of what it means for two Internet hosts to be connected, and a way to estimate it. RFC 5971 GIST GIST: General Internet Signalling Transport A shared messenger layer that finds the next signalling node along a data flow's path and carries signalling messages to it. RFC 8684 Multipath TCP v1 TCP Extensions for Multipath Operation with Multiple Addresses How one TCP connection can spread its data over several paths at once, while still looking like ordinary TCP to the application. RFC 129 Request for comments on socket name structure Two layouts for 32-bit socket names and four schemes for handing them out, offered for comment in 1971. RFC 2698 trTCM A Two Rate Three Color Marker A meter that colors packets green, yellow or red using a peak rate and a committed rate. RFC 3135 TCP over Wireless Performance Enhancing Proxies Intended to Mitigate Link-Related Degradations A survey of the middleboxes that speed up TCP over satellite and wireless links, and what they cost. RFC 4261 COPS over TLS Common Open Policy Service (COPS) Over Transport Layer Security (TLS) How a policy server and its devices upgrade a plain COPS connection to a TLS-protected one. RFC 4348 VMR-WB RTP Payload Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload Format for the Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband (VMR-WB) Audio Codec How to pack VMR-WB wideband speech frames into RTP packets, including a header-free mode and a gateway-friendly octet-aligned mode. RFC 4961 Symmetric RTP Symmetric RTP / RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Send and receive RTP and RTCP from the same UDP port, which NATs and firewalls expect. RFC 5481 Delay variation Packet Delay Variation Applicability Statement Guidance on measuring and interpreting packet jitter in networks. RFC 5560 Packet duplication A One-Way Packet Duplication Metric How to count the extra copies of a packet that show up when only one was sent. RFC 5762 RTP over DCCP RTP and the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) How to carry real-time audio and video (RTP) over DCCP so it gets congestion control without extra work in the application. RFC 6182 MPTCP Architecture Architectural Guidelines for Multipath TCP Development The goals and key design choices behind Multipath TCP, which spreads one connection over several paths. RFC 6576 IPPM Advancement Testing IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) Standard Advancement Testing How to show that independent measurement tools read a performance-metric RFC the same way, using statistics instead of interoperability tests. RFC 7337 CDNI requirements Content Distribution Network Interconnection (CDNI) Requirements The requirements for letting separate content delivery networks cooperate as one delivery platform. RFC 7345 UDPTL over DTLS UDP Transport Layer (UDPTL) over Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) How to wrap T.38 fax packets in DTLS so fax over IP gets encryption and tamper protection, and how SDP signals it. RFC 8558 Transport Path Signals Transport Protocol Path Signals What network devices learn from the visible parts of transport protocols, and what the IAB recommends when those parts are encrypted. RFC 9599 ECN for encapsulation Guidelines for Adding Congestion Notification to Protocols that Encapsulate IP How to carry congestion signals across tunnels and lower-layer networks so they reach the IP layer and the transport protocol. RFC 5974 QoS NSLP NSIS Signaling Layer Protocol (NSLP) for Quality-of-Service Signaling Reserve bandwidth and network resources across the Internet with soft-state signaling. RFC 5780 NAT Behavior Discovery NAT Behavior Discovery Using Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) A STUN usage that lets a client probe how the NATs and firewalls in front of it currently map and filter traffic. RFC 3124 Congestion Manager The Congestion Manager An end-host module that lets all streams to the same receiver share one view of network congestion. RFC 3643 FC Encapsulation Fibre Channel (FC) Frame Encapsulation A common wrapper that lets Fibre Channel frames travel over TCP/IP, with a timestamp to enforce frame lifetime. RFC 3722 String Profile for Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) Names Rules that turn iSCSI device names into a plain, lower-case, comparable form, whatever language they were typed in. RFC 4015 Eifel Response The Eifel Response Algorithm for TCP How a TCP sender should undo the damage after it discovers a retransmission timeout was a false alarm. RFC 4571 RTP over TCP framing Framing Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Packets over Connection-Oriented Transport A two-byte length prefix that lets RTP and RTCP packets travel cleanly over TCP, plus an SDP token to announce it. RFC 5170 LDPC FEC Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) Staircase and Triangle Forward Error Correction (FEC) Schemes Two large-block codes that add repair packets so receivers can rebuild an object even when some packets are lost. RFC 5510 Reed-Solomon FEC Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction (FEC) Schemes Reed-Solomon erasure codes that let receivers rebuild a file from any k of the packets that arrive. RFC 5865 Capacity-Admitted DSCP A Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) for Capacity-Admitted Traffic A second Expedited Forwarding code point that marks voice traffic the network has already agreed to carry. RFC 6330 RaptorQ RaptorQ Forward Error Correction Scheme for Object Delivery A fountain code that lets a receiver rebuild a file from almost any sufficiently large set of packets, without asking for resends. RFC 7635 STUN Third-Party Auth Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) Extension for Third-Party Authorization How STUN and TURN servers can accept short-lived OAuth 2.0 tokens instead of shared passwords. RFC 7675 STUN Consent Freshness Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) Usage for Consent Freshness How a WebRTC endpoint keeps checking that the other side still wants its traffic, every few seconds, or stops sending. RFC 7714 AES-GCM in SRTP AES-GCM Authenticated Encryption in the Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) How to encrypt and authenticate SRTP and SRTCP packets in a single step using AES-GCM. RFC 8545 OWAMP/TWAMP Ports Well-Known Port Assignments for the One-Way Active Measurement Protocol (OWAMP) and the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) Moves the well-known UDP ports 861 and 862 from the OWAMP and TWAMP control protocols to their test protocols. RFC 8835 WebRTC transports Transports for WebRTC The transport rules every WebRTC endpoint must follow to get media and data through NATs, firewalls and relays. RFC 8974 CoAP Extended Tokens Extended Tokens and Stateless Clients in the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Longer CoAP tokens let clients and proxies stash request state in the token instead of remembering it. RFC 9175 CoAP Echo, Request-Tag Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP): Echo, Request-Tag, and Token Processing Two CoAP options that prove a request is fresh and keep block-wise fragments apart, plus tighter Token rules. RFC 9221 QUIC DATAGRAM An Unreliable Datagram Extension to QUIC How QUIC connections can carry application data that is sent once and never retransmitted. RFC 9643 YANG TCP Groupings YANG Groupings for TCP Clients and TCP Servers Reusable YANG building blocks for configuring TCP clients and servers, including keepalives and SOCKS proxies. RFC 4987 SYN Flooding TCP SYN Flooding Attacks and Common Mitigations The attack that exploits TCP connection setup and proven defenses against it RFC 5136 Defining Network Capacity Precise definitions of link and path capacity and available capacity for IP traffic. RFC 7656 RTP Source Taxonomy A Taxonomy of Semantics and Mechanisms for Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Sources A shared vocabulary for the pipeline a media source goes through in RTP, and for how streams, sessions and participants relate. RFC 8095 Services Provided by IETF Transport Protocols and Congestion Control Mechanisms Comparing what different ways of sending data over the Internet can do RFC 9330 L4S Architecture Low Latency, Low Loss, and Scalable Throughput (L4S) Internet Service: Architecture Why queues get long, and a plan for senders and routers to keep them short without breaking today's traffic. RFC 3522 Eifel The Eifel Detection Algorithm for TCP Use TCP timestamps to tell, after the fact, whether a retransmission was really needed. RFC 4782 Quick-Start Quick-Start for TCP and IP Ask routers if you can send faster at the beginning of a TCP connection. RFC 9937 PRR Proportional Rate Reduction (PRR) A smoother way for TCP to cut its sending rate after packet loss, paced by the ACKs coming back. RFC 4960 SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol A message-oriented transport protocol offering multi-streaming, multi-homing, and ordered/unordered delivery - features TCP and UDP lack. RFC 102 Output of the Host-Host Protocol glitch cleaning committee A February 1971 committee report listing quick fixes to the early Host/Host protocol and the choices it left open. RFC 165 ICP Proffered Official Initial Connection Protocol How a user process, typically Telnet, reaches a server process, typically a Logger, on another ARPANET host. RFC 2216 Network Element Service Specification Template A framework and template for specifying network quality-of-service capabilities. RFC 2379 RSVP over ATM RSVP over ATM Implementation Guidelines Recommended choices for carrying RSVP reservations over ATM virtual circuits so different implementations behave predictably. RFC 3086 Diffserv PDB Definition of Differentiated Services Per Domain Behaviors and Rules for their Specification Defines the Per-Domain Behavior: what a whole diffserv network promises a group of packets, edge to edge, plus the template for describing one. RFC 3096 Requirements for robust IP/UDP/RTP header compression The checklist that robust header compression for voice and video over cellular links had to meet. RFC 3148 BTC Metrics A Framework for Defining Empirical Bulk Transfer Capacity Metrics A rulebook for measuring how fast one well-behaved TCP-style connection can move bulk data across a network path. RFC 3269 Author Guidelines for Reliable Multicast Transport (RMT) Building Blocks and Protocol Instantiation documents A checklist for documenting reliable multicast building blocks and protocols. RFC 3304 MIDCOM requirements Middlebox Communications (midcom) Protocol Requirements The checklist of what a protocol for talking to firewalls and NATs must be able to do. RFC 3678 Source Filter API Socket Interface Extensions for Multicast Source Filters The socket calls and options that let a program choose which senders it accepts multicast traffic from. RFC 3759 ROHC RObust Header Compression (ROHC): Terminology and Channel Mapping Examples A glossary and set of pictures that pin down what ROHC instances, channels, feedback and contexts actually are. RFC 6181 MPTCP Threat Analysis Threat Analysis for TCP Extensions for Multipath Operation with Multiple Addresses What new attacks appear when a TCP connection can use several addresses, and what to do about them. RFC 8836 RTC Congestion Reqs Congestion Control Requirements for Interactive Real-Time Media Eleven requirements a congestion control algorithm should meet for live, interactive media such as video calls. RFC 5352 ASAP Aggregate Server Access Protocol (ASAP) A protocol for client-facing access to server pools with handle-based load balancing and failover. RFC 5353 ENRP Endpoint Handlespace Redundancy Protocol (ENRP) A distributed, fault-tolerant registry service for server pool membership. RFC 6356 MPTCP Congestion Control Coupled Congestion Control for Multipath Transport Protocols A congestion control algorithm that couples the subflows of a multipath connection so it is fair to ordinary TCP. RFC 2126 ITOT ISO Transport Service on top of TCP (ITOT) How to run the ISO Transport Service over TCP, so OSI applications can work on IPv4 and IPv6 networks. RFC 2380 RSVP over ATM Reqs RSVP over ATM Implementation Requirements The must-follow rules that let different vendors' RSVP routers set up QoS circuits over ATM and still interoperate. RFC 2381 Interoperation of Controlled-Load Service and Guaranteed Service with ATM How Guaranteed Service and Controlled-Load Service map onto ATM service categories, traffic descriptors and QoS parameters. RFC 2687 Real-time PPP in HDLC PPP in a Real-time Oriented HDLC-like Framing How to let an urgent real-time packet cut in line on a slow PPP link by pausing and resuming a long one. RFC 2996 RSVP DCLASS Format of the RSVP DCLASS Object A small RSVP object that carries DiffServ code points so an upstream sender or router knows how to mark packets. RFC 4542 ETS for real-time Implementing an Emergency Telecommunications Service (ETS) for Real-Time Services in the Internet Protocol Suite How SIP, RSVP and Differentiated Services can be combined so authorized emergency calls get through first on IP networks. RFC 4619 Frame Relay over MPLS Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Frame Relay over Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Networks How a Frame Relay circuit is carried across an MPLS network as a pseudowire, using a 4-byte control word. RFC 4860 Generic Aggregate RSVP Generic Aggregate Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) Reservations Lets several aggregate RSVP reservations share the same endpoints and traffic class, for example one per preemption priority. RFC 6263 RTP NAT keep-alive Application Mechanism for Keeping Alive the NAT Mappings Associated with RTP / RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Flows Ways for RTP calls to send tiny periodic packets so a NAT does not forget the media path, and the one the RFC recommends. RFC 6544 ICE TCP Candidates TCP Candidates with Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) How ICE finds a path through NATs when media has to travel over TCP, alone or as a fallback to UDP. RFC 6773 DCCP-UDP DCCP-UDP: A Datagram Congestion Control Protocol UDP Encapsulation for NAT Traversal Wrapping DCCP in UDP so it can cross the NAT boxes that only understand UDP. RFC 6994 Shared Use of Experimental TCP Options A tag field that lets many TCP experiments share the two experimental option codepoints. RFC 7144 iSCSI SCSI Features Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) SCSI Features Update Adds SCSI features from newer SCSI architecture versions to iSCSI, switched on by one negotiated key. RFC 7350 STUN over DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) as Transport for Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) Adds DTLS over UDP as a secure transport for STUN and TURN, avoiding the delays of TLS over TCP for real-time media. RFC 8260 SCTP Stream Schedulers Stream Schedulers and User Message Interleaving for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol A new SCTP chunk lets a sender mix pieces of different messages, plus a menu of schedulers for choosing which stream goes next. RFC 8680 FECFRAME sliding window Forward Error Correction (FEC) Framework Extension to Sliding Window Codes Lets the FEC framework protect streaming media with a moving window of data instead of fixed blocks, cutting recovery delay. RFC 8681 RLC FEC schemes Sliding Window Random Linear Code (RLC) Forward Erasure Correction (FEC) Schemes for FECFRAME Two ways to protect live media streams from packet loss by sending random mixtures of recent packets as repair data. RFC 8834 RTP in WebRTC Media Transport and Use of RTP in WebRTC Which parts of RTP every WebRTC endpoint must implement to send audio and video between browsers. RFC 8888 RTCP CC feedback RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Feedback for Congestion Control A standard RTCP report that tells an RTP sender which packets arrived, when, and with what ECN marks, so it can control congestion. RFC 9174 TCPCLv4 Delay-Tolerant Networking TCP Convergence-Layer Protocol Version 4 How delay-tolerant networking nodes carry bundles to each other over ordinary TCP, with optional TLS security. RFC 9176 CoRE Resource Directory Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE) Resource Directory A directory service where constrained IoT devices register their web links so others can look them up without waking or shouting at every device. RFC 9177 CoAP Q-Block Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Block-Wise Transfer Options Supporting Robust Transmission Block-wise transfer for CoAP that works with Non-confirmable messages, so large data can flow without a reply to every block. RFC 9768 AccECN feedback in TCP More Accurate Explicit Congestion Notification (AccECN) Feedback in TCP A way for TCP receivers to tell senders how many packets were congestion-marked, not just whether any were. RFC 9946 UDPSTP The UDP Speed Test Protocol (UDPSTP) for One-Way IP Capacity Metric Measurement A UDP-based speed test protocol where the receiver's feedback steers the sender's rate to find the maximum IP-layer capacity. RFC 9993 RTP haptics payload RTP Payload Format for Haptics How to carry MPEG-I haptic (touch and vibration) data in RTP packets, and how to describe it in SDP. RFC 1045 VMTP VMTP: Versatile Message Transaction Protocol: Protocol specification A request-response transport protocol built for RPC and file access, with its own names, multicast, security and streaming. RFC 3102 RSIP Realm Specific IP: Framework Let a private host borrow real addresses and ports from a gateway instead of having a NAT rewrite its packets. RFC 3465 TCP ABC TCP Congestion Control with Appropriate Byte Counting (ABC) Grow TCP's congestion window by the bytes each ACK covers, not by the number of ACKs that arrive. RFC 5326 LTP Licklider Transmission Protocol - Specification Reliable delivery for links with huge delays and frequent outages, such as deep space. RFC 5401 Multicast NACK Multicast Negative-Acknowledgment (NACK) Building Blocks A toolkit of design pieces for multicast protocols where only receivers who miss data speak up. RFC 6846 ROHC-TCP RObust Header Compression (ROHC): A Profile for TCP/IP (ROHC-TCP) A robust way to shrink TCP/IP headers over lossy, slow links, including TCP options like SACK and Timestamps. RFC 7145 iSER Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) Extensions for the Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) Specification How iSCSI hands bulk data to RDMA hardware so storage traffic lands straight in the right buffer. RFC 8489 STUN Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) A small toolkit that lets a device behind a NAT learn its public address and keep its NAT bindings alive. RFC 9331 L4S ECN The Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Protocol for Low Latency, Low Loss, and Scalable Throughput (L4S) Using the ECT(1) codepoint in the IP header to flag traffic that wants frequent congestion marks and very low queuing delay. RFC 2209 RSVP Processing Rules Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) -- Version 1 Message Processing Rules The algorithmic rules that RSVP routers follow to process reservation messages. RFC 2689 IntServ Low-bitrate Providing Integrated Services over Low-bitrate Links Making quality-of-service work on slow connections like modems. RFC 2923 TCP Problems with Path MTU Discovery A catalog of three TCP bugs that make Path MTU Discovery hang connections, slow ACKs or shrink segments. RFC 3237 Requirements for Reliable Server Pooling Requirements for keeping application servers reliably available through pooling. RFC 3290 An Informal Management Model for Diffserv Routers A conceptual blueprint for managing traffic in Diffserv routers. RFC 3714 IAB Concerns Regarding Congestion Control for Voice Traffic in the Internet The IAB warns that voice traffic which never slows down on a congested link can hurt everyone, and says when it should stop. RFC 4953 TCP Spoofing Defenses Defending TCP Against Spoofing Attacks Why forged TCP reset packets became a real threat to long-lived connections like BGP, and the ways to defend. RFC 5325 LTP Motivation Licklider Transmission Protocol - Motivation Why reliable transmission over deep-space links needs its own protocol instead of TCP. RFC 6789 ConEx concepts Congestion Exposure (ConEx) Concepts and Use Cases Exposing congestion information at the IP layer for better traffic management. RFC 7713 ConEx Concepts Congestion Exposure (ConEx) Concepts, Abstract Mechanism, and Requirements Letting the network see what congestion senders have caused RFC 1347 TUBA TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses (TUBA), A Simple Proposal for Internet Addressing and Routing A proposal to fix IP address shortage by running TCP and UDP over CLNP's larger addresses. RFC 3720 iSCSI Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) How SCSI storage commands travel over ordinary TCP connections, so a computer can use disks on the network as if they were local. RFC 9743 CC guidelines Specifying New Congestion Control Algorithms The checklist the IETF uses to judge a proposed congestion control algorithm, rewritten for QUIC, real-time media and algorithms already deployed at scale. RFC 2653 CIP Transport CIP Transport Protocols Three ways to carry Common Indexing Protocol messages: a plain TCP text stream, ordinary email, or HTTP POST. RFC 2814 SBM SBM (Subnet Bandwidth Manager): A Protocol for RSVP-based Admission Control over IEEE 802-style networks How RSVP reservations are policed on shared and switched LAN segments by electing a bandwidth manager for each segment. RFC 2815 Intserv over 802 Integrated Service Mappings on IEEE 802 Networks How IP service classes are mapped onto the eight 802.1 user_priority values that LAN switches understand. RFC 3873 SCTP MIB Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Management Information Base (MIB) The standard set of SNMP objects for watching an SCTP implementation: counters, settings and per-association details. RFC 4077 SigComp NACK A Negative Acknowledgement Mechanism for Signaling Compression How a SigComp receiver tells the sender exactly why a compressed message could not be decompressed. RFC 4150 TPM MIB Transport Performance Metrics MIB A standard SNMP MIB for measuring how well sub-application transactions perform on the network. RFC 4545 IP storage user MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for IP Storage User Identity Authorization An SNMP MIB module for listing the users, addresses and credentials allowed to reach IP storage. RFC 4804 Aggregation of Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) Reservations over MPLS TE/DS-TE Tunnels How a handful of MPLS traffic engineering tunnels can stand in for thousands of individual RSVP reservations across a network core. RFC 4898 TCP ESTATS MIB TCP Extended Statistics MIB A set of SNMP objects that let TCP report why a connection is slow: the sender, the receiver, the application or the network. RFC 4997 ROHC-FN Formal Notation for RObust Header Compression (ROHC-FN) A precise, reversible way to write down how each header field is squeezed in a ROHC compression profile. RFC 5608 RADIUS for SNMP Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) Usage for Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Transport Models How a network device uses RADIUS to decide whether a user may open a secure SNMP session over a transport such as SSH. RFC 5664 pNFS object layout Object-Based Parallel NFS (pNFS) Operations How parallel NFS clients read and write striped objects directly on object storage devices. RFC 5938 TWAMP session control Individual Session Control Feature for the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) An optional TWAMP feature that lets a controller start and stop individual test sessions by their Session Identifier. RFC 5946 RSVP receiver proxy Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Extensions for Path-Triggered RSVP Receiver Proxy Lets an RSVP router reserve resources on behalf of a receiver that cannot speak RSVP, and tells the sender when that fails. RFC 6323 Sender RTT Estimate Option for the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) Lets a DCCP sender tell the receiver its own round-trip time measurement, instead of the receiver guessing it. RFC 6354 Forward-Shifted RTP Redundancy Payload Support Send the backup copy of media before the main copy, so a long radio blackout does not interrupt playback. RFC 6681 Raptor FEC Schemes Raptor Forward Error Correction (FEC) Schemes for FECFRAME Six protocols for adding spare repair symbols to media streams RFC 6849 SDP Media Loopback An Extension to the Session Description Protocol (SDP) and Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) for Media Loopback SDP attributes and RTP payload formats that let a call echo its own media back for quality testing. RFC 6876 PT-TLS A Posture Transport Protocol over TLS (PT-TLS) How a device's security health report travels to the network, sealed inside a TLS tunnel. RFC 7164 RTP and Leap Seconds How RTP streams tied to wall-clock time should behave when UTC adds a leap second. RFC 7273 RTP Clock Signalling RTP Clock Source Signalling SDP attributes that say which clock a media stream's timestamps and sample timing are tied to. RFC 7496 PR-SCTP policies Additional Policies for the Partially Reliable Stream Control Transmission Protocol Extension Two more ways for an SCTP sender to give up on a message: after a set number of retransmissions, or to make room for a higher-priority one. RFC 7531 NFSv4 XDR Network File System (NFS) Version 4 External Data Representation Standard (XDR) Description The machine-readable XDR file that defines every data structure and operation on the wire in NFS version 4.0. RFC 8086 GRE-in-UDP GRE-in-UDP Encapsulation Wrapping GRE tunnel traffic in UDP so routers can spread it across multiple paths using the UDP source port. RFC 8167 Bidirectional RPC-RDMA Bidirectional Remote Procedure Call on RPC-over-RDMA Transports How an RPC-over-RDMA connection can carry remote procedure calls in both directions at once, so NFS servers can call clients back. RFC 8798 Additional SenML units Additional Units for Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML) More unit names for sensor data, plus a new registry of scaled units that convert to the main ones. RFC 8828 WebRTC IP handling WebRTC IP Address Handling Requirements Four modes that trade media quality against how many of a user's IP addresses a web page can see. RFC 8860 Multi-Media RTP Session Sending Multiple Types of Media in a Single RTP Session When audio, video and text may share one RTP session, and the rules that make it work. RFC 8985 RACK-TLP The RACK-TLP Loss Detection Algorithm for TCP A time-based way for TCP to notice lost segments quickly, plus a probe that avoids slow timeouts. RFC 9025 DetNet MPLS over UDP Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: MPLS over UDP/IP How DetNet's MPLS packets ride inside ordinary UDP/IP packets across an IP network. RFC 9071 RTP Text Mixer RTP-Mixer Formatting of Multiparty Real-Time Text How a central mixer can label and interleave live typed text from many people in one RTP stream. RFC 9097 One-Way IP Capacity Metrics and Methods for One-Way IP Capacity Defines Maximum IP-Layer Capacity, a practical way to measure the most data a network path can carry one way, plus a UDP-based method for measuring it. RFC 9368 QUIC Version Negotiation Compatible Version Negotiation for QUIC How QUIC endpoints agree on a version, with no extra round trip when versions are compatible. RFC 9443 QUIC multiplexing Multiplexing Scheme Updates for QUIC Teaches the receiver's first-byte sorting rule to recognize QUIC packets arriving on the same port as STUN, DTLS and RTP. RFC 9486 IPv6 IOAM options IPv6 Options for In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) How IPv6 packets carry in-band telemetry notes in hop-by-hop and destination options. RFC 9621 Transport Services Architecture and Requirements for Transport Services An architecture for a socket replacement where apps state what they need and the system picks protocols, paths and addresses. RFC 9622 Transport Services API An Abstract Application Programming Interface (API) for Transport Services The abstract API that lets applications state what they need from the network and leaves protocol and path choice to the system. RFC 3103 RSIP Realm Specific IP: Protocol Specification How a host behind an address-sharing gateway asks it to lend out public addresses and ports, instead of having them translated. RFC 3649 HighSpeed TCP HighSpeed TCP for Large Congestion Windows An experimental tweak that lets TCP grow its window faster and back off less when paths are very fast. RFC 4828 TFRC-SP TCP Friendly Rate Control (TFRC): The Small-Packet (SP) Variant A tweak to TCP-friendly rate control so voice-style traffic with small packets is not slowed unfairly. RFC 5354 Aggregate Server Access Protocol (ASAP) and Endpoint Handlespace Redundancy Protocol (ENRP) Parameters Reference parameters for ASAP and ENRP protocols. RFC 5975 QSPEC QSPEC Template for the Quality-of-Service NSIS Signaling Layer Protocol (NSLP) A template for QoS parameters in network signaling. RFC 6661 PCN CL Mode Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) Boundary-Node Behavior for the Controlled Load (CL) Mode of Operation How edge nodes use three marking states to admit new flows and terminate existing ones before a network congests. RFC 6662 PCN SM Mode Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) Boundary-Node Behavior for the Single Marking (SM) Mode of Operation The two-state version of PCN edge behavior, trading some termination accuracy for a simpler core. RFC 9332 DualQ Coupled AQM Dual-Queue Coupled Active Queue Management (AQM) for Low Latency, Low Loss, and Scalable Throughput (L4S) Two linked queues let low-latency Scalable traffic and Classic TCP-style traffic share one link fairly without per-flow inspection. RFC 700 Protocol experiment A 1974 experiment that sent print jobs across the ARPANET to study an early reliable end-to-end protocol. RFC 889 Internet Delay Experiments 1983 round-trip measurements across the Internet, and a tweak to TCP's retransmission timeout. RFC 2382 A Framework for Integrated Services and RSVP over ATM Making IP quality-of-service work over ATM networks RFC 2525 Known TCP Implementation Problems A catalog of bugs found in TCP implementations and how to fix them. RFC 2887 The Reliable Multicast Design Space for Bulk Data Transfer A guide to the tradeoffs in designing protocols to send bulk data reliably to many receivers. RFC 3150 End-to-end Performance Implications of Slow Links Practical advice for making TCP/IP feel faster over very low bit-rate links such as modems and wireless access. RFC 3155 TCP Over Lossy Links End-to-end Performance Implications of Links with Errors Why TCP slows down on links that corrupt packets, and which end-to-end mechanisms help without adding middleboxes. RFC 3360 Inappropriate TCP resets Inappropriate TCP Resets Considered Harmful Why a firewall should not answer a TCP SYN with a reset just because it uses a Reserved header flag, as with ECN. RFC 3366 Link ARQ advice Advice to link designers on link Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) How far should a link keep resending lost frames before it gives up? Advice for people who design links. RFC 3374 Context transfer problem Problem Description: Reasons For Performing Context Transfers Between Nodes in an IP Access Network Why mobile hosts need to quickly re-establish network services when moving between subnets. RFC 3726 Requirements for Signaling Protocols Framework for signaling protocols across network domains RFC 4168 SIP over SCTP The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) as a Transport for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) How SIP messages ride on SCTP, and why that can help busy proxies and gateways. RFC 5166 Metrics for the Evaluation of Congestion Control Mechanisms What to measure when evaluating how networks handle traffic congestion RFC 5461 TCP's Reaction to Soft Errors Why many TCP stacks give up on a new connection at the first ICMP soft error, even though the standard says to keep trying. RFC 6349 Framework for TCP Throughput Testing A practical method for measuring how fast TCP can really send data RFC 6808 RFC 2679 test report Test Plan and Results Supporting Advancement of RFC 2679 on the Standards Track The test report that checks whether two independent tools read the one-way delay metric of RFC 2679 the same way. RFC 7062 Framework for GMPLS and PCE Control of G.709 Optical Transport Networks What GMPLS and PCE need to change to control the newer G.709 optical transport networks. RFC 7312 Advanced Stream and Sampling Framework for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) New stream parameters and quality criteria so IP performance measurements stay repeatable on modern networks. RFC 7478 WebRTC use cases Web Real-Time Communication Use Cases and Requirements What web browsers need to support real-time voice, video, and data communication RFC 7497 Rate Measurement Test Protocol Problem Statement and Requirements What a protocol must be able to do to measure how fast an Internet access link really is. RFC 7661 New CWV Updating TCP to Support Rate-Limited Traffic How a TCP sender that is not using its full congestion window can keep a recent window safely, without growing a stale one. RFC 8257 DCTCP Data Center TCP (DCTCP): TCP Congestion Control for Data Centers TCP congestion control that responds to congestion proportionally in data centers. RFC 8303 Transport Features Usage On the Usage of Transport Features Provided by IETF Transport Protocols A catalogue of what TCP, MPTCP, SCTP, UDP and UDP-Lite offer applications, boiled down into protocol-independent transport features. RFC 8421 Dual-stack ICE Guidelines for Multihomed and IPv4/IPv6 Dual-Stack Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) How to order ICE connectivity checks so a broken IPv6, IPv4 or interface path does not stall call setup. RFC 8468 IPPM IPv6 Update IPv4, IPv6, and IPv4-IPv6 Coexistence: Updates for the IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) Framework Brings IPv6 and IPv4-IPv6 translation into the IP Performance Metrics framework's idea of a standard-formed test packet. RFC 8868 RTC CC Evaluation Evaluating Congestion Control for Interactive Real-Time Media Metrics, network settings and traffic models for testing new congestion control for interactive real-time media. RFC 8922 A Survey of the Interaction between Security Protocols and Transport Services How security protocols fit with transport layers and applications RFC 2960 SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol A message-oriented, multi-stream, multi-homed transport protocol that began as a way to carry telephone signaling over IP. RFC 5661 NFSv4.1 Network File System (NFS) Version 4 Minor Version 1 Protocol NFS version 4.1: file sharing rebuilt around sessions, exactly-once requests and parallel access to storage. RFC 9040 TCP Block Sharing TCP Control Block Interdependence How TCP connections to the same host can reuse what earlier or parallel connections learned. RFC 3104 RSIP RSIP Support for End-to-end IPsec Making end-to-end IPsec work through address translation RFC 3708 Using TCP Duplicate Selective Acknowledgement (DSACKs) and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Duplicate Transmission Sequence Numbers (TSNs) to Detect Spurious Retransmissions Identifying wasted retransmissions using duplicate notifications RFC 5973 NAT/Firewall NSLP NAT/Firewall NSIS Signaling Layer Protocol (NSLP) Signal to middleboxes along the data path to open firewall pinholes and create NAT bindings. RFC 6173 iFCP MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for the Internet Fibre Channel Protocol (iFCP) The SNMP management objects for watching and controlling iFCP gateways and the storage sessions that run through them. RFC 6928 Increasing TCP's Initial Window Why TCP's first burst of data was allowed to grow from 2 to 4 segments up to 10, and what to watch for when doing it. RFC 8033 PIE Proportional Integral Controller Enhanced (PIE): A Lightweight Control Scheme to Address the Bufferbloat Problem Active queue management that controls network latency to prevent bufferbloat RFC 8267 NFS over RPC-over-RDMA Network File System (NFS) Upper-Layer Binding to RPC-over-RDMA Version 1 The agreement that tells NFS clients and servers which data may be placed directly into memory over RPC-over-RDMA. RFC 8290 FQ-CoDel The Flow Queue CoDel Packet Scheduler and Active Queue Management Algorithm Fair queueing with active queue management to reduce latency and bufferbloat. RFC 8548 tcpcrypt Cryptographic Protection of TCP Streams (tcpcrypt) Encryption for TCP connections designed to work with middleboxes and NATs. RFC 123 Proffered Official ICP A proposed opening handshake that lets a user process reach a server process, such as a Telnet login. RFC 1301 MTP Multicast Transport Protocol A transport protocol for reliable multicast messaging between groups of processes. RFC 2208 RSVP Applicability Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) -- Version 1 Applicability Statement Some Guidelines on Deployment Guidance on when and how to deploy RSVP for quality-of-service reservations RFC 2416 When TCP Starts Up With Four Packets Into Only Three Buffers A small simulation checks whether a four-packet TCP start hurts when a slow modem link has only three buffers. RFC 2638 Two-bit Diffserv A Two-bit Differentiated Services Architecture for the Internet Using two bits in the packet header to offer different service levels on the Internet. RFC 2757 Long Thin Networks How to make TCP work well on wireless networks with high latency and low bandwidth. RFC 2816 Intserv over LANs A Framework for Integrated Services Over Shared and Switched IEEE 802 LAN Technologies How to bring quality-of-service guarantees to enterprise local networks. RFC 2990 Next Steps for the IP QoS Architecture Outstanding problems in deploying quality-of-service mechanisms. RFC 3136 SPIRITS The SPIRITS Architecture How phone calls can ask the Internet to do things on the caller's behalf RFC 3142 TRT An IPv6-to-IPv4 Transport Relay Translator A transport relay translator for IPv6-to-IPv4 connectivity without modifying existing hosts RFC 3235 Network Address Translator (NAT)-Friendly Application Design Guidelines Advice for protocol designers on building applications that survive address translation without special help. RFC 3247 Supplemental Information for the New Definition of the EF PHB (Expedited Forwarding Per-Hop Behavior) Extra explanation, examples and scheduler guidance for the revised Expedited Forwarding definition. RFC 3257 Stream Control Transmission Protocol Applicability Statement When SCTP is a better fit than TCP or UDP, and when it is not. RFC 3357 One-way loss patterns One-way Loss Pattern Sample Metrics Metrics that capture the pattern and burstiness of packet loss, not just the rate RFC 4163 ROHC TCP requirements RObust Header Compression (ROHC): Requirements on TCP/IP Header Compression The checklist a TCP/IP header compression scheme for ROHC had to meet before it was designed. RFC 4224 ROHC reordering RObust Header Compression (ROHC): ROHC over Channels That Can Reorder Packets How header compression built for in-order links can cope when packets arrive shuffled. RFC 4297 RDMA problem statement Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) over IP Problem Statement Why copying data wastes CPU and memory bandwidth on fast networks. RFC 5062 SCTP Security Attacks Security Attacks Found Against the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) and Current Countermeasures Known security threats to SCTP and how implementations prevent them RFC 5127 Diffserv Aggregation Aggregation of Diffserv Service Classes Guidelines for merging Diffserv classes in network cores with limited treatment levels RFC 5128 P2P Across NATs State of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Communication across Network Address Translators (NATs) How peer-to-peer programs get through home routers that only expect outgoing connections. RFC 5351 RSerPool Overview An Overview of Reliable Server Pooling Protocols A framework for finding backup servers when one fails. RFC 5690 Adding Acknowledgement Congestion Control to TCP Reducing acknowledgement traffic during reverse-path congestion. RFC 6297 A Survey of Lower-than-Best-Effort Transport Protocols Transport protocols designed to be polite to other traffic RFC 6897 MPTCP API Multipath TCP (MPTCP) Application Interface Considerations What Multipath TCP means for applications, and the small set of socket options for apps that want to control it. RFC 7096 Evaluation of Existing GMPLS Encoding against G.709v3 Optical Transport Networks (OTNs) A gap analysis of what GMPLS routing and signaling cannot yet express about the 2012 OTN standard. RFC 7430 MPTCP residual threats Analysis of Residual Threats and Possible Fixes for Multipath TCP (MPTCP) A second look at the security holes still left in Multipath TCP, and how to patch them. RFC 8087 Benefits of ECN The Benefits of Using Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) How routers can signal congestion early without dropping packets. RFC 8100 Diffserv-Intercon Diffserv-Interconnection Classes and Practice Four common Diffserv traffic classes and codepoints for the links between separately run networks. RFC 8593 Video Traffic Models for RTP Congestion Control Evaluations Reference models for synthetic video traffic to test RTP congestion control. RFC 8867 Test Cases for Evaluating Congestion Control for Interactive Real-Time Media Standardized test scenarios for evaluating congestion control in real-time media RFC 8869 Evaluation Test Cases for Interactive Real-Time Media over Wireless Networks Test scenarios for real-time media congestion control over cellular and Wi-Fi networks RFC 8923 A Minimal Set of Transport Services for End Systems What transport capabilities should applications be able to request RFC 9623 Transport Services impl. Implementing Interfaces to Transport Services Guide to implementing a system that selects and manages transport protocols for applications. RFC 955 Towards a transport service for transaction processing applications A 1985 call for a transport protocol that sits between TCP and UDP for request and reply traffic. RFC 1016 SQuID Something a Host Could Do with Source Quench: The Source Quench Introduced Delay (SQuID) A crazy idea paper: let a host's IP layer space out datagrams more every time a source quench arrives. RFC 2745 RSVP Diagnostics RSVP Diagnostic Messages A query-and-reply facility that collects RSVP state hop by hop along a path, for debugging and resource management. RFC 3347 iSCSI requirements Small Computer Systems Interface protocol over the Internet (iSCSI) Requirements and Design Considerations The goals and trade-offs the IP Storage working group set before designing iSCSI, SCSI storage over TCP/IP. RFC 4097 MIDCOM Evaluation Middlebox Communications (MIDCOM) Protocol Evaluation A scorecard of five existing protocols against the requirements for talking to firewalls and NATs. RFC 4164 ROHC context replication RObust Header Compression (ROHC): Context Replication for ROHC Profiles Lets a header compressor start a new flow by copying most of its settings from a flow that already works. RFC 4424 VMR-WB Extension RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload Format for the Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband (VMR-WB) Extension Audio Codec A small update to the RTP payload format for the VMR-WB speech codec so it can carry the new mode 4. RFC 4495 RSVP bandwidth reduction A Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Extension for the Reduction of Bandwidth of a Reservation Flow A way for RSVP routers to shrink an existing reservation instead of tearing it down when bandwidth is needed elsewhere. RFC 4816 ATM Cell Transport Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Transparent Cell Transport Service Carry every ATM cell on a port across a packet network as if it were a plain leased line. RFC 6015 RTP Payload Format for 1-D Interleaved Parity Forward Error Correction (FEC) A way to send XOR repair packets alongside RTP media so a receiver can rebuild packets lost in a burst. RFC 6307 Fibre Channel PW Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Fibre Channel Traffic over MPLS Networks How to carry Fibre Channel storage traffic across an MPLS network so two distant SAN ports behave as if joined by one cable. RFC 6401 RSVP admission priority RSVP Extensions for Admission Priority How RSVP can tag some reservations as higher priority so important sessions still get bandwidth when the network is crowded. RFC 6526 IPFIX over SCTP Streams IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Per Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Stream Give each IPFIX template its own SCTP stream so a collector can tell exactly which kind of record went missing. RFC 6584 ALC/NORM Authentication Simple Authentication Schemes for the Asynchronous Layered Coding (ALC) and NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) Protocols Four ways to authenticate every packet of ALC and NORM multicast sessions, using signatures, a group-keyed MAC, or both. RFC 6682 RTP Payload for Raptor RTP Payload Format for Raptor Forward Error Correction (FEC) How to carry Raptor FEC repair data in RTP for real-time media RFC 7007 Update to Remove DVI4 from the Recommended Codecs for the RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control (RTP/AVP) The RTP audio profile stops recommending DVI4 and keeps only PCMU as the baseline codec. RFC 7272 RTCP IDMS Inter-Destination Media Synchronization (IDMS) Using the RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) How receivers in different places use RTCP to play the same stream at the same moment. RFC 7487 Configuration of Proactive Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Functions for MPLS-Based Transport Networks Using RSVP-TE How to switch on MPLS-TP health checks, loss and delay measurement, and fault signals while a path is being set up. RFC 7532 FedFS NSDB Namespace Database (NSDB) Protocol for Federated File Systems How independently run file servers publish where their file sets live, so clients see one shared namespace. RFC 7533 FedFS Administration Administration Protocol for Federated File Systems The remote procedure calls an administrator uses to link fileservers into one shared namespace. RFC 7574 PPSPP Peer-to-Peer Streaming Peer Protocol (PPSPP) A protocol that lets viewers of a video stream pass pieces of it to each other, with every piece verifiable by a hash. RFC 7633 TLS Feature Extension X.509v3 Transport Layer Security (TLS) Feature Extension A certificate extension that tells clients which TLS features the server must provide, so a missing OCSP staple means failure. RFC 7750 TWAMP DSCP and ECN Differentiated Service Code Point and Explicit Congestion Notification Monitoring in the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) An optional TWAMP extension that lets the reflector report which DSCP and ECN values its test packets arrived with. RFC 7850 Registering Values of the SDP 'proto' Field for Transporting RTP Media over TCP under Various RTP Profiles Seven new SDP names for carrying RTP media over TCP, plain, SRTP, DTLS-SRTP or TLS. RFC 8016 TURN Mobility Mobility with Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) How a TURN client keeps its relay allocation when its own IP address changes, without the remote peer noticing. RFC 8155 TURN Auto Discovery Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) Server Auto Discovery Three ways for a TURN client to find a relay server on its own, plus a relaxed authentication rule for network-provided servers. RFC 8185 PW Dual-Homing Coord Dual-Homing Coordination for MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Pseudowires Protection How two provider edge routers sharing one customer link tell each other about failures so they switch together. RFC 8587 NFSv4.0 Trunking NFS Version 4.0 Trunking Update How an NFSv4.0 client uses fs_locations to find every network path to the same file server. RFC 8682 TinyMT32 TinyMT32 Pseudorandom Number Generator (PRNG) A small, deterministic pseudorandom number generator whose output depends only on the seed, on any platform. RFC 8768 CoAP Hop-Limit option Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Hop-Limit Option A counter that each CoAP proxy decrements, so a request stuck in a proxy loop is stopped and reported. RFC 8797 RDMA-CM private data Remote Direct Memory Access - Connection Manager (RDMA-CM) Private Data for RPC-over-RDMA Version 1 A tiny handshake note that lets RPC-over-RDMA peers agree on bigger messages and remote invalidation. RFC 8837 WebRTC DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) Packet Markings for WebRTC QoS Which DSCP packet markings a web browser should put on WebRTC audio, video and data so networks can treat them differently. RFC 8854 WebRTC FEC WebRTC Forward Error Correction Requirements Which error-correction tricks WebRTC audio and video should use to survive lost packets, and when to turn them on. RFC 9287 Greasing the QUIC Bit Greasing the QUIC Bit A QUIC extension that lets endpoints scramble one fixed header bit so networks cannot come to depend on it. RFC 9328 RTP Payload for VVC RTP Payload Format for Versatile Video Coding (VVC) How to chop H.266 video into RTP packets and put it back together at the other end. RFC 9388 CDNI Footprints Content Delivery Network Interconnection (CDNI) Footprint Types: Country Subdivision Code and Footprint Union Two new ways to describe where a downstream CDN can serve: a state or province code, and a union that combines footprint types. RFC 9406 HyStart++ HyStart++: Modified Slow Start for TCP A small change to TCP slow start that backs off when delays rise, then checks whether the alarm was false. RFC 9503 STAMP for SR Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP) Extensions for Segment Routing Networks Two STAMP extensions let Segment Routing networks name the intended reflector and choose the return path of a measurement reply. RFC 9533 OWAMP/TWAMP on LAG One-Way and Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol Extensions for Performance Measurement on a Link Aggregation Group Measuring delay, jitter and loss on every individual link of a bundled connection, not just the bundle as a whole. RFC 9534 STAMP on LAG Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol Extensions for Performance Measurement on a Link Aggregation Group A STAMP extension that lets each member link of a bundled connection be measured and validated separately. RFC 9600 TRILL ECN TRansparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Support How TRILL switches carry congestion warnings across a campus without dropping packets, and stay safe when some switches do not understand them. RFC 9628 VP9 RTP payload RTP Payload Format for VP9 Video How VP9 video is chopped into RTP packets, with layer labels so servers and receivers can handle scalable streams. RFC 9740 IPFIX TCP/IPv6 IEs New IPFIX Information Elements for TCP Options and IPv6 Extension Headers New IPFIX fields that let flow exporters report any IPv6 extension header or TCP option they see. RFC 9754 NFSv4.2 open/delegate Extensions for Opening and Delegating Files in NFSv4.2 Four NFSv4.2 extensions that let clients spot offline files, skip a CLOSE, and cache file times under a delegation. RFC 9870 IPFIX for UDP options Export of UDP Options Information in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Five new IPFIX Information Elements let flow exporters report which UDP Options were seen in a flow. RFC 9897 Multipath DCCP Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) Extensions for Multipath Operation with Multiple Addresses How one DCCP connection can spread its datagrams over several network paths at once. RFC 9900 NETCONF port updates Updates to NETCONF Transport Port Numbers IANA gives back ports 831, 832 and 833, which were assigned to NETCONF protocols that were never deployed. RFC 9959 Careful Resume Careful Resume: Convergence of Congestion Control from Retained State How a new connection can safely reuse what an earlier one learned about the path, instead of starting slow again. RFC 9984 YANG UDP groupings YANG Groupings for UDP Clients and UDP Servers Reusable YANG building blocks for describing how a UDP client or UDP server is configured. RFC 10034 RTP V3C payload RTP Payload Format for Visual Volumetric Video-Based Coding (V3C) How to carry the atlas data of 3D volumetric video in RTP packets, and how to tie it to its 2D video streams. RFC 10052 STAMP asymmetrical Performance Measurement with Asymmetrical Traffic Using the Simple Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (STAMP) An optional STAMP extension that lets a reflector answer with packets of a different size or number than it received. RFC 1889 RTP RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications The original specification of RTP and its control protocol RTCP, built to carry live audio and video over IP. RFC 5077 TLS Session Tickets Transport Layer Security (TLS) Session Resumption without Server-Side State The server seals the session state into a ticket and hands it to the client, so it does not have to remember anyone. RFC 2309 Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Avoidance in the Internet A 1998 memo urging routers to drop packets early, before queues fill, and calling for work on flows that ignore congestion. RFC 905 ISO TP (DIS 8073) ISO Transport Protocol specification ISO DP 8073 A retyped ISO draft standard for the transport layer, with five protocol classes for networks of very different quality. RFC 3738 WEBRC Wave and Equation Based Rate Control (WEBRC) Building Block Receiver-driven congestion control for IP multicast, where each listener picks its own rate by joining wave channels. RFC 4654 TFMCC TCP-Friendly Multicast Congestion Control (TFMCC): Protocol Specification A way for a multicast sender to share the network fairly with TCP by following its slowest receiver. RFC 5356 Reliable Server Pooling Policies Server selection policies for Reliable Server Pooling. RFC 5562 ECN for TCP SYN/ACK Adding Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Capability to TCP's SYN/ACK Packets Letting routers warn servers about congestion on SYN/ACK packets. RFC 7820 UDP Checksum Complement UDP Checksum Complement in the One-Way Active Measurement Protocol (OWAMP) and Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) Reserving the last two bytes of a measurement packet so hardware timestamping does not break the UDP checksum. RFC 8289 CoDel Controlled Delay Active Queue Management Active queue management that controls delay without configuration. RFC 8382 Shared bottleneck Shared Bottleneck Detection for Coupled Congestion Control for RTP Media Detecting when multiple RTP media flows compete for the same bottleneck link. RFC 8698 NADA Network-Assisted Dynamic Adaptation (NADA): A Unified Congestion Control Scheme for Real-Time Media A unified congestion control algorithm for real-time interactive media that reacts to delay, packet loss, and explicit congestion notifications. RFC 9344 CCNinfo CCNinfo: Discovering Content and Network Information in Content-Centric Networks A tool to trace routing paths and inspect cache state in name-based networks. RFC 6084 GIST over SCTP General Internet Signaling Transport (GIST) over Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) How GIST signaling can run over SCTP and be secured with DTLS instead of TCP and TLS. RFC 2988 TCP retransmit timer Computing TCP's Retransmission Timer The formula TCP senders must use to decide how long to wait before sending unacknowledged data again. RFC 5405 Unicast UDP Usage Guidelines for Application Designers Rules of thumb for programs that use UDP, starting with: bring your own congestion control. RFC 2679 One-way Delay Metric A One-way Delay Metric for IPPM A precise definition of one-way packet delay, how to sample it with Poisson timing, and what to report with the numbers. RFC 2680 One-way Loss Metric A One-way Packet Loss Metric for IPPM A precise definition of what it means for a packet to be lost on a one-way Internet path, and how to sample and average it. RFC 5046 iSER Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) Extensions for Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) How iSCSI storage traffic can run over RDMA so data lands directly in the right memory buffers. RFC 151 Comments on a proffered official ICP: RFCs 123, 127 Comments on protocol design issues in the Initial Connection Protocol RFC 916 RATP Reliable Asynchronous Transfer Protocol (RATP) A small stop-and-wait protocol that makes noisy serial lines carry data reliably. RFC 942 Transport protocols for Department of Defense data networks A government study comparing two transport protocols for military networks. RFC 970 On Packet Switches With Infinite Storage Why unlimited buffers don't solve packet congestion, and how fair queuing helps. RFC 1085 ISO Presentation on TCP ISO presentation services on top of TCP/IP based internets Lightweight OSI application layer support over TCP/IP networks. RFC 1240 OSI over UDP OSI connectionless transport services on top of UDP: Version 1 Carrying OSI connectionless transport messages inside ordinary UDP datagrams. RFC 3448 TFRC TCP Friendly Rate Control (TFRC): Protocol Specification A congestion control mechanism that shares bandwidth fairly with TCP but changes its sending rate smoothly. RFC 872 TCP-on-a-LAN A position paper arguing that fear of running TCP on a local network is a Woozle: a scare built on misunderstanding. RFC 964 MIL-STD-1778 issues Some problems with the specification of the Military Standard Transmission Control Protocol Three errors found in the Military Standard TCP specification, with proposed fixes. RFC 1263 TCP Extensions Considered Harmful An argument for protocol evolution over backward-compatible extensions to TCP. RFC 1337 TIME-WAIT Assassination Hazards in TCP A security hazard where old duplicate TCP segments can prematurely close waiting connections. RFC 1831 ONC RPC v2 RPC: Remote Procedure Call Protocol Specification Version 2 A protocol that lets one computer ask another to run a function and get back the result. RFC 1859 TP2 over TCP ISO Transport Class 2 Non-use of Explicit Flow Control over TCP RFC1006 extension How to run ISO Transport Class 2, without explicit flow control, over TCP port 399. RFC 1963 PPP SDTP PPP Serial Data Transport Protocol (SDTP) Transporting serial data streams over PPP with optional compression. RFC 2415 Simulation Studies of Increased Initial TCP Window Size Simulations of what happens to web and file-transfer traffic when TCP starts with up to four segments instead of one. RFC 2760 Ongoing TCP Research Related to Satellites Research into TCP mechanisms that improve performance over satellite links. RFC 3051 IP Payload Compression Using ITU-T V.44 Packet Method Using V.44 compression to make IP packets smaller RFC 3094 Tekelec's Transport Adapter Layer Interface Bridging telephone networks and IP networks with SS7 signaling over TCP/IP RFC 3132 IP Paging Dormant Mode Host Alerting ("IP Paging") Problem Statement Alerting sleeping mobile devices when data arrives over IP. RFC 3243 RObust Header Compression (ROHC): Requirements and Assumptions for 0-byte IP/UDP/RTP Compression The requirements and link assumptions for squeezing IP/UDP/RTP headers down to zero bytes. RFC 3252 BLOAT Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport An April 1st joke that rewrites IP, TCP and UDP as verbose XML documents and sends them over Ethernet. RFC 3286 SCTP An Introduction to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) A reliable message-oriented protocol with multiple streams and multi-homing support. RFC 3449 TCP Performance Implications of Network Path Asymmetry Why a slow or unreliable return path starves TCP of acknowledgments, and which fixes are worth using. RFC 3481 TCP over 2.5G/3G TCP over Second (2.5G) and Third (3G) Generation Wireless Networks A short list of safe, standard TCP settings that work well when a connection crosses a 2.5G or 3G cellular link. RFC 3783 Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) Command Ordering Considerations with iSCSI Why an iSCSI session guarantees that SCSI commands reach the target in order, and how to build on that. RFC 4094 QoS Signaling Analysis Analysis of Existing Quality-of-Service Signaling Protocols What works and what does not in traffic priority signaling protocols RFC 4413 TCP/IP Field Behavior TCP/IP Field Behavior Which IP and TCP header fields stay put, which drift, and which are pure noise, for people designing header compression. RFC 4464 SigComp users guide Signaling Compression (SigComp) Users' Guide Guidelines for implementers choosing compression algorithms and robustness features for SigComp RFC 5164 Mobility Services Transport: Problem Statement Why handover signaling between phones and networks needs a common, secure transport layer. RFC 5841 TCP Mood Option TCP Option to Denote Packet Mood An April 1st joke about tagging network packets with emoticons. RFC 5945 RSVP proxy Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Proxy Approaches How a router can make RSVP bandwidth reservations on behalf of a sender or receiver that does not speak RSVP. RFC 5978 NSIS overview Using and Extending the NSIS Protocol Family A two-layer framework for signaling on the Internet with QoS and NAT traversal support. RFC 6077 Open Research Issues in Internet Congestion Control Open research challenges in keeping the Internet running fairly when capacity is limited. RFC 6191 TCP TIME-WAIT Reducing the TIME-WAIT State Using TCP Timestamps How a TCP server can safely accept a new connection from a client while the old one is still in TIME-WAIT. RFC 6695 FEC Config Signaling Methods to Convey Forward Error Correction (FEC) Framework Configuration Information Using existing protocols to share FEC protection settings between senders and receivers. RFC 7016 RTMFP Adobe's Secure Real-Time Media Flow Protocol A UDP-based protocol for secure real-time media communication with NAT traversal RFC 7290 Test Plan and Results for Advancing RFC 2680 on the Standards Track The test plan and results showing that two independent tools read the one-way packet loss metric the same way. RFC 7376 STUN/TURN Auth Problems Problems with Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) Long-Term Authentication for Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) Security and practical issues with how TURN authenticates its users. RFC 7398 LMAP reference path A Reference Path and Measurement Points for Large-Scale Measurement of Broadband Performance A common vocabulary for where to measure broadband performance RFC 7560 Problem Statement and Requirements for Increased Accuracy in Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Feedback What a better TCP congestion feedback signal would have to do, before anyone designs it. RFC 7605 Port Number Guidelines Recommendations on Using Assigned Transport Port Numbers Advice on when to ask IANA for a port number, and how to conserve the scarce assigned port space. RFC 7806 On Queuing, Marking, and Dropping Separating queuing algorithms from marking and dropping to understand network behavior RFC 7893 Pseudowire Congestion Considerations How network tunnels can coexist fairly with other traffic RFC 8034 DOCSIS-PIE Active Queue Management (AQM) Based on Proportional Integral Controller Enhanced (PIE) for Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS) Cable Modems Queue management algorithm to reduce bufferbloat in cable modems. RFC 8184 PW Dual-Homing Dual-Homing Protection for MPLS and the MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Pseudowires A spare pseudowire between two edge routers keeps a failure on one side from forcing changes on the other. RFC 8304 UDP Transport Features Transport Features of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Lightweight UDP (UDP-Lite) The settings and capabilities that UDP and UDP-Lite expose to applications RFC 8643 OSRTP An Opportunistic Approach for Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (OSRTP) Encrypted media calls with optional encryption support. RFC 8872 Guidelines for Using the Multiplexing Features of RTP to Support Multiple Media Streams Guidance on RTP multiplexing options for combining multiple media streams RFC 8961 Loss Detection Reqs Requirements for Time-Based Loss Detection High-level rules for deciding when a packet is lost because no confirmation has arrived in time. RFC 9065 Encrypted Transport Hdrs Considerations around Transport Header Confidentiality, Network Operations, and the Evolution of Internet Transport Protocols Privacy versus operability when transport headers are encrypted RFC 9235 TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO) Test Vectors Reference answers to verify TCP-AO implementations work correctly. RFC 9265 FEC and Congestion Forward Erasure Correction (FEC) Coding and Congestion Control in Transport How to add redundancy without breaking the network's congestion signals. RFC 9378 IOAM Deployment In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) Deployment Framework and guidance for deploying in-band network telemetry to monitor packet journeys. RFC 3489 STUN STUN - Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Through Network Address Translators (NATs) Learn your public IP address behind a NAT using a helper server. RFC 4572 SDP TCP/TLS Connection-Oriented Media Transport over the Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol in the Session Description Protocol (SDP) How a session description can name a certificate by its hash, so media can run over TLS even with self-signed certificates. RFC 1906 SNMPv2 Transports Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) Defines how SNMPv2 management messages are carried over various network transports. RFC 5033 New CC Algorithms Specifying New Congestion Control Algorithms Guidelines for designing and evaluating new congestion control algorithms. RFC 3517 SACK Loss Recovery A Conservative Selective Acknowledgment (SACK)-based Loss Recovery Algorithm for TCP How to recover efficiently when TCP loses multiple packets from the same window RFC 4614 TCP Roadmap A Roadmap for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Specification Documents A guided map of the RFCs that define TCP, its extensions, and the advice around them. RFC 3782 NewReno The NewReno Modification to TCP's Fast Recovery Algorithm An improvement to TCP's recovery when multiple packets are lost in a single window of data. RFC 938 IRTP Internet Reliable Transaction Protocol functional and interface specification A simple reliable delivery protocol between two hosts for transaction-based applications. RFC 1151 RDP v2 Version 2 of the Reliable Data Protocol (RDP) Fixes to the Reliable Data Protocol: a new checksum, 16-bit ports and a list of corrected ambiguities. RFC 2859 TSWTCM A Time Sliding Window Three Colour Marker (TSWTCM) A traffic marker that colors packets green, yellow or red to show sending rate relative to a contract. RFC 3105 RSIP Finding an RSIP Server with SLP A service type template for advertising Realm Specific IP servers using Service Location Protocol. RFC 3208 PGM PGM Reliable Transport Protocol Specification Reliable multicast built on negative acknowledgments, with the network helping to deliver and confirm repair requests. RFC 3742 Limited Slow-Start for TCP with Large Congestion Windows Easing into speed for high-capacity TCP connections RFC 4653 TCP-NCR Improving the Robustness of TCP to Non-Congestion Events TCP-NCR waits roughly one round trip before deciding that out-of-order segments mean loss, so reordering stops triggering needless retransmissions. RFC 5827 Early Retransmit Early Retransmit for TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Faster recovery from packet loss when the send window is small RFC 5976 Y.1541-QOSM Y.1541-QOSM: Model for Networks Using Y.1541 Quality-of-Service Classes Quality-of-service framework based on ITU-T telecom standards for IP networks. RFC 5977 RMD-QOSM RMD-QOSM: The NSIS Quality-of-Service Model for Resource Management in Diffserv Scaling QoS reservation across IP networks with lightweight edge-controlled signaling. RFC 5979 NSIS over tunnels NSIS Operation over IP Tunnels How to keep QoS reservations working when data packets are tunneled RFC 6261 HIP encrypted signaling Encrypted Signaling Transport Modes for the Host Identity Protocol Two ways to encrypt HIP control messages using the encrypted connection itself. RFC 6978 A TCP Authentication Option Extension for NAT Traversal Extending TCP Authentication to work through network address translators RFC 7242 DTN TCP Convergence Delay-Tolerant Networking TCP Convergence-Layer Protocol How Delay-Tolerant Networking bundles are carried over a TCP connection, with segments, acknowledgments and clean shutdown. RFC 7390 Group Communication for the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) Using IP multicast to control multiple constrained devices with a single message RFC 7786 ConEx for TCP TCP Modifications for Congestion Exposure (ConEx) Senders signal expected congestion to the network for better traffic management RFC 7837 ConEx IPv6 Dest Option IPv6 Destination Option for Congestion Exposure (ConEx) Let the network know when your packets hit congestion. RFC 8298 SCReAM Self-Clocked Rate Adaptation for Multimedia Real-time rate adaptation for interactive video using self-clocked congestion control. RFC 8337 Model-based metrics Model-Based Metrics for Bulk Transport Capacity Judging an Internet path by testing it one piece at a time against a model of how TCP needs to behave. RFC 8547 TCP-ENO TCP-ENO: Encryption Negotiation Option Negotiating encryption at the TCP layer for legacy protocols and applications. RFC 9626 Video Frame Marking Video Frame Marking RTP Header Extension Tell RTP switches about video frames without decrypting the video. RFC 761 TCP DoD standard Transmission Control Protocol An early specification of the Transmission Control Protocol for reliable data streams RFC 1948 TCP Seq Number Attacks Defending Against Sequence Number Attacks Cryptographic defense against TCP connection spoofing RFC 6528 TCP ISN Defense Defending against Sequence Number Attacks Preventing attackers from guessing TCP sequence numbers. RFC 2598 Expedited Forwarding An Expedited Forwarding PHB A premium service that prioritizes certain packets to minimize delay and loss. RFC 3267 Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload Format and File Storage Format for the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) and Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) Audio Codecs Packaging compressed voice for internet real-time calls and storage RFC 1379 Extending TCP for Transactions -- Concepts Optimize TCP for fast request-response exchanges RFC 3309 SCTP checksum change Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Checksum Change Replacing a weak checksum algorithm with a stronger one for better error detection. RFC 843 Who talks TCP? - survey of 8 February 83 A snapshot of TCP adoption across 329 networked computers in February 1983. RFC 2582 TCP NewReno The NewReno Modification to TCP's Fast Recovery Algorithm How to recover when multiple TCP packets are lost at once. RFC 6824 Multipath TCP TCP Extensions for Multipath Operation with Multiple Addresses Enables a single TCP connection to simultaneously use multiple network paths and addresses RFC 3242 RObust Header Compression (ROHC): A Link-Layer Assisted Profile for IP/UDP/RTP Zero-byte header compression for wireless IP/UDP/RTP using link-layer help. RFC 5666 RPC over RDMA Remote Direct Memory Access Transport for Remote Procedure Call Efficient bulk data transfer for remote procedure calls over high-speed networks. RFC 8829 JSEP JavaScript Session Establishment Protocol (JSEP) How a JavaScript app controls WebRTC multimedia session setup without understanding the signaling details. RFC 127 Comments on RFC 123 J. Postel's April 1971 step-by-step reading of the NCP message exchange behind the Initial Connection Protocol. RFC 5953 SNMP over TLS Transport Layer Security (TLS) Transport Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) How SNMP messages get certificate-based authentication and encryption by riding inside TLS or DTLS. RFC 1072 TCP long-delay TCP extensions for long-delay paths Options for protocols working over satellite and long-distance paths. RFC 5202 HIP ESP Using the Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Transport Format with the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) How to protect user data in the Host Identity Protocol using encrypted packets. RFC 22 Host-host control message formats How early ARPANET hosts sent control messages to set up and manage connections. RFC 60 A Simplified NCP Protocol A simpler way to build network connections on small computers. RFC 104 Link 191 A one-paragraph note that sets aside link 191 on the early network for measurement work. RFC 145 Initial Connection Protocol Control Commands A corrected listing of the control commands that two NCPs exchange to run the Initial Connection Protocol. RFC 147 Definition of a socket How to carve a 32-bit socket number into home, user and tag fields so network use can be accounted for. RFC 148 Comments on RFC 123 A short complaint that the 32-bit initial connection rule is awkward for 36-bit machines. RFC 167 Socket conventions reconsidered Why two proposals to add structure to 32-bit socket numbers were set aside until the NCP could be overhauled. RFC 176 Comments on "Byte size for connections" Three views on whether byte size for network connections belongs to the NCP or to user processes. RFC 179 Link Number Assignments A short announcement of which Host-Host link numbers may be used for connections. RFC 202 Possible Deadlock in ICP A deadlock hazard when two hosts initialize a connection RFC 203 Achieving reliable communication Reliable message exchange over unreliable channels RFC 801 NCP/TCP transition plan Orchestrating the switch from NCP to TCP/IP across ARPANET RFC 939 Executive summary of the NRC report on transport protocols for Department of Defense data networks A government committee compared TCP and ISO transport protocols for military networks. RFC 1008 Implementation guide for the ISO Transport Protocol Practical guidance for building the ISO Transport Protocol RFC 1030 On testing the NETBLT Protocol over divers networks Measuring a high-speed data transfer protocol across different networks RFC 1692 TMux Transport Multiplexing Protocol (TMux) Bundling many small packets into one to reduce network overhead from interactive sessions. RFC 2688 IntServ for Low Speed Integrated Services Mappings for Low Speed Networks Guidelines for giving reserved, low-delay service to some flows on slow modem, ISDN and sub-T1 links. RFC 2959 RTP MIB Real-Time Transport Protocol Management Information Base A set of SNMP-readable tables for watching RTP sessions, senders and receivers on hosts and monitors. RFC 2997 Null Service Type Specification of the Null Service Type How an application can tell the network who it is over RSVP without saying how much bandwidth it needs. RFC 3006 Integrated Services in the Presence of Compressible Flows How a sender can tell routers its data will compress on a link, so they do not reserve more capacity than needed. RFC 3317 Diffserv QoS PIB Differentiated Services Quality of Service Policy Information Base Policy database for QoS in Differentiated Services networks. RFC 3408 ROHC zero-byte R-mode Zero-byte Support for Bidirectional Reliable Mode (R-mode) in Extended Link-Layer Assisted RObust Header Compression (ROHC) Profile Lets the link-layer assisted ROHC profile send voice packets with no compression header at all, now in Reliable mode too. RFC 4905 Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Layer 2 Frames over MPLS Networks Wrapping layer 2 networks inside an MPLS tunnel. RFC 4906 Transport of Layer 2 Frames Over MPLS An old way to carry different network protocols through one MPLS tunnel RFC 5097 UDP-Lite MIB MIB for the UDP-Lite protocol A standard set of SNMP counters and a table for watching UDP-Lite traffic, including partial checksum coverage. RFC 5284 RSVP User Errors User-Defined Errors for RSVP A new RSVP object that lets implementers carry their own error codes and descriptions. RFC 5482 TCP User Timeout TCP User Timeout Option A TCP option that lets each end tell the other how long it will wait for acknowledgments before giving up. RFC 6057 Comcast's Protocol-Agnostic Congestion Management System A broadband ISP's transparent, protocol-neutral approach to managing network congestion. RFC 6332 Multicast Acquisition Report Block Type for RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Reports (XRs) A report block that lets multicast receivers tell the network operator how long it took them to start getting data. RFC 6534 IPPM Loss Episodes Loss Episode Metrics for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) Metrics that measure how packet losses cluster into episodes, not just the average loss rate. RFC 6642 RTCP Third-Party Loss RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extension for a Third-Party Loss Report Lets a middlebox tell RTP receivers that a loss is already known, so they stop piling feedback onto the sender. RFC 6816 LDPC Staircase FEC Simple Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) Staircase Forward Error Correction (FEC) Scheme for FECFRAME How to protect streaming media against packet loss by sending extra repair packets built with LDPC-Staircase codes. RFC 6865 Reed-Solomon FEC Simple Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction (FEC) Scheme for FECFRAME A Reed-Solomon recipe for rebuilding lost packets in media streams, with optimal recovery and a simple packet layout. RFC 7306 RDMAP Extensions Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) Protocol Extensions Two new tricks for RDMA over IP: atomic operations on remote memory and a small immediate-data message. RFC 7380 RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for MPEG2 Transport Stream (TS) Program Specific Information (PSI) Decodability Statistics Metrics Reporting A new RTCP report block that counts PSI errors in MPEG2 transport streams, so IPTV receivers can say how decodable a stream is. RFC 7660 Diameter ECN Attrs Diameter Congestion and Filter Attributes Four new Diameter attributes for matching ECN-marked traffic, reacting to congestion and counting flows and packets. RFC 7829 SCTP-PF SCTP-PF: A Quick Failover Algorithm for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol A middle 'Potentially Failed' state lets SCTP abandon a struggling path after one timeout instead of waiting for many. RFC 7982 STUN RTT & Loss Measurement of Round-Trip Time and Fractional Loss Using Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) A small STUN attribute that counts retransmissions so endpoints can measure round-trip time and see which direction lost packets. RFC 8516 CoAP 429 "Too Many Requests" Response Code for the Constrained Application Protocol A CoAP response code that tells a client it is sending requests too fast and must wait before trying again. RFC 8759 RTP payload for TTML RTP Payload for Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) How to carry TTML subtitles and closed captions inside RTP packets for streaming workflows. RFC 8790 SenML FETCH and PATCH FETCH and PATCH with Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML) Two new media types let constrained devices read or change just part of a SenML sensor data pack. RFC 8861 RTCP Reporting Groups Sending Multiple RTP Streams in a Single RTP Session: Grouping RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Reception Statistics and Other Feedback Lets co-located RTP sources share one set of RTCP reception reports instead of each reporting on everyone. RFC 8913 TWAMP YANG Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) YANG Data Model A standard YANG model so network tools can configure and monitor TWAMP measurements on any vendor's equipment. RFC 9134 RTP for JPEG XS RTP Payload Format for ISO/IEC 21122 (JPEG XS) How to chop JPEG XS video frames into RTP packets so studio-grade video crosses an IP network with almost no delay. RFC 9359 IOAM Echo Request Echo Request/Reply for Enabled In Situ OAM (IOAM) Capabilities A generic echo request and reply format that lets an IOAM edge node ask each node on a path which IOAM features it has turned on. RFC 9369 QUIC v2 QUIC Version 2 A near-copy of QUIC version 1 with a few changed constants, made to keep middleboxes from freezing the protocol in place. RFC 9569 ALTO TIPS The Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Transport Information Publication Service (TIPS) How an ALTO server hands out network-information updates one numbered step at a time, over plain HTTP that clients can fetch in parallel. RFC 9584 EVC RTP payload RTP Payload Format for Essential Video Coding (EVC) How to chop Essential Video Coding (EVC) video into RTP packets and put it back together at the receiver. RFC 9607 SCIP RTP payload RTP Payload Format for the Secure Communication Interoperability Protocol (SCIP) Codec How encrypted SCIP secure voice and video rides inside RTP, and why the network should treat it as an opaque clear channel. RFC 9648 YANG TCP Model YANG Data Model for TCP A small, reusable YANG model for configuring and monitoring TCP on routers and other managed devices. RFC 9653 SCTP Zero Checksum Zero Checksum for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol How two SCTP endpoints can agree to skip the CRC32c checksum when another layer already protects the data. RFC 9737 pNFS LAYOUTRETURN Reporting Errors in NFSv4.2 via LAYOUTRETURN How a pNFS client can tell a restarted metadata server about write errors, so it resilvers only the files that need it. RFC 9766 NFS WCC Extensions for Weak Cache Consistency in NFSv4.2's Flexible File Layout A new NFSv4.2 operation lets clients report data-server file attributes to the metadata server in pNFS. RFC 9808 CDNI capacity Content Delivery Network Interconnection (CDNI) Capacity Capability Advertisement Extensions How a downstream CDN tells its upstream partner how much traffic it can take, and where to watch the numbers. RFC 9828 RTP JPEG 2000 RTP Payload Format for JPEG 2000 Streaming with Sub-Codestream Latency How to stream JPEG 2000 video over RTP so packets can leave before the whole frame is encoded. RFC 2873 TCP Processing of the IPv4 Precedence Field How to resolve a conflict between TCP and DiffServ over packet priority bits. RFC 5696 Baseline Encoding and Transport of Pre-Congestion Information How routers mark packets with pre-congestion warnings using bits in the IP header. RFC 6093 TCP Urgent On the Implementation of the TCP Urgent Mechanism Clarifying the TCP urgent mechanism and warning against its use. RFC 6096 SCTP Chunk Flags Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Chunk Flags Registration A registry for chunk flag assignments in SCTP messages. RFC 2140 TCB Interdependence TCP Control Block Interdependence Why TCP connections between the same two hosts should share what they have learned about the path. RFC 2481 ECN Proposal A Proposal to add Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP Routers signal congestion by marking packets instead of dropping them RFC 6691 TCP MSS TCP Options and Maximum Segment Size (MSS) How to calculate the size of TCP data segments when IP and TCP options are present. RFC 1449 Transport Mappings for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) How SNMPv2 rides on different network transport protocols. RFC 1644 T/TCP T/TCP -- TCP Extensions for Transactions Functional Specification TCP extensions to speed up request-response exchanges without a slow handshake. RFC 4995 ROHC Framework The RObust Header Compression (ROHC) Framework Efficient and robust header compression for wireless and lossy links. RFC 7053 SCTP SACK-IMMEDIATELY SACK-IMMEDIATELY Extension for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol A flag to ask for an immediate acknowledgment instead of waiting. RFC 3450 ALC Asynchronous Layered Coding (ALC) Protocol Instantiation Massive-scale reliable content delivery using layered coding and multicast. RFC 3452 FEC building block Forward Error Correction (FEC) Building Block How to use forward error correction codes to recover from packet loss in reliable multicast. RFC 4934 EPP over TCP Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP) Transport Over TCP How EPP sessions travel over TCP connections with encryption RFC 8312 CUBIC CUBIC for Fast Long-Distance Networks A TCP congestion control variant optimized for fast, long-distance networks. RFC 143 Regarding proffered official ICP A timing flaw in the connection setup process RFC 813 Window and Acknowledgement Strategy in TCP Tried-and-true algorithms for TCP window and acknowledgement handling. RFC 1106 TCP Big Window and NAK TCP big window and NAK options Negative acknowledgments and 32-bit windows for high-bandwidth networks. RFC 1110 TCP Big Window Problem Problem with the TCP big window option Why expanding TCP's window size breaks packet reordering safety. RFC 2861 TCP Congestion Window Validation Remembering what the network could carry after a TCP connection goes idle. RFC 3980 T11 Network Address Authority (NAA) Naming Format for iSCSI Node Names Using worldwide Fibre Channel names for iSCSI storage devices. RFC 4850 Declarative Public Extension Key for Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) Node Architecture How iSCSI nodes tell each other their architecture during login. RFC 4996 ROHC-TCP RObust Header Compression (ROHC): A Profile for TCP/IP (ROHC-TCP) Robust compression of TCP/IP headers for links with errors and delays. RFC 5667 NFS DDP Network File System (NFS) Direct Data Placement Moving file data directly to client memory with remote direct memory access. RFC 1146 TCP Alternate Checksum TCP alternate checksum options Options to negotiate different error-detection algorithms during TCP connection setup. RFC 1185 TCP High-Speed Ext. TCP Extension for High-Speed Paths Extensions to TCP so it can reliably send data at gigabit speeds over long-distance paths. RFC 2414 Larger Initial Window Increasing TCP's Initial Window Speeding up short TCP transfers by allowing the first packets to be sent faster. RFC 3260 New Terminology and Clarifications for Diffserv Clarifications for the Diffserv architecture and terminology RFC 4815 ROHC Corrections RObust Header Compression (ROHC): Corrections and Clarifications to RFC 3095 A list of fixes and clarifications that let different ROHC implementations of RFC 3095 actually interoperate. RFC 1693 TCP partial order An Extension to TCP : Partial Order Service Allow some data to arrive in any order while other data stays in sequence. RFC 835 Who talks TCP? December 1982 snapshot of TCP service adoption across early Internet hosts. RFC 838 Who talks TCP? A survey of TCP support on Internet hosts in January 1983. RFC 3451 LCT Layered Coding Transport (LCT) Building Block A transport-level building block for scalable, reliable delivery of files and streams over IP multicast. RFC 3926 FLUTE FLUTE - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport One-way file distribution to many receivers using multicast without replies RFC 3941 NORM Building Blocks Negative-Acknowledgment (NACK)-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) Building Blocks Design components for reliable multicast using negative acknowledgments. RFC 6062 TURN TCP Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) Extensions for TCP Allocations Lets a TURN client get a TCP relay address and open TCP connections through the server to its peers. RFC 6633 ICMP Source Quench Dep. Deprecation of ICMP Source Quench Messages Why hosts and routers must now ignore the old ICMP message that asked senders to slow down. RFC 983 ISO TP on TCP ISO transport arrives on top of the TCP Running ISO transport protocols on top of TCP to enable ISO applications on the Internet. RFC 1145 TCP Alternate Checksum TCP alternate checksum options Letting TCP connections negotiate different data checksum algorithms. RFC 2147 TCP and UDP over IPv6 Jumbograms Adapting TCP and UDP to handle IPv6 jumbograms larger than 65535 bytes. RFC 2836 PHB ID codes Per Hop Behavior Identification Codes Compact 16-bit codes to identify how a router should treat traffic. RFC 4544 iSCSI MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) SNMP objects for managing SCSI storage over TCP networks RFC 5539 NETCONF over TLS NETCONF over Transport Layer Security (TLS) How to use TLS encryption to secure remote network device management. RFC 6013 TCPCT TCP Cookie Transactions (TCPCT) A TCP extension that uses cryptographic cookies to defeat SYN floods and let servers avoid keeping connection state during the handshake. RFC 8723 SRTP double encryption Double Encryption Procedures for the Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol (SRTP) Two layers of SRTP encryption, so a relay can adjust a few header fields without ever seeing the media. RFC 8841 SCTP over DTLS SDP Session Description Protocol (SDP) Offer/Answer Procedures for Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) over Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Transport How two endpoints use SDP offer/answer to agree on an SCTP association carried over DTLS, the setup behind WebRTC data channels. RFC 8911 Performance Metrics Registry Registry for Performance Metrics How the IANA registry of network performance metrics is laid out, named, and kept up to date. RFC 833 Who talks TCP? A weekly survey of which ARPANET hosts actually answered Telnet, FTP and SMTP connection attempts over TCP. RFC 839 Who talks TCP? An updated survey of TCP support on Internet hosts from January 1983. RFC 845 Who talks TCP? - survey of 15 February 1983 A host connectivity snapshot from February 1983. RFC 846 Who talks TCP? - survey of 22 February 1983 An early snapshot of TCP adoption across ARPANET hosts RFC 3940 NORM Negative-acknowledgment (NACK)-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) Protocol Scalable multicast file delivery using selective requests for missing packets RFC 6937 PRR Proportional Rate Reduction for TCP A smoother way to adjust TCP's sending rate when packets are lost in flight. RFC 6172 iFCP Deprecation Deprecation of the Internet Fibre Channel Protocol (iFCP) Address Translation Mode Retiring an unused, outdated mode of iFCP and recording why Protocol Number 133 stays allocated. RFC 7718 OWAMP Registries Registries for the One-Way Active Measurement Protocol (OWAMP) The IANA registries that track new Mode bits and Control Command numbers for the One-Way Active Measurement Protocol. RFC 8035 Session Description Protocol (SDP) Offer/Answer Clarifications for RTP/RTCP Multiplexing A one-rule fix: an answer may only ask for RTP/RTCP multiplexing if the offer did. RFC 8436 DSCP Pool 3 Update to IANA Registration Procedures for Pool 3 Values in the Differentiated Services Field Codepoints (DSCP) Registry A small policy change that lets the IETF hand out Pool 3 Diffserv codepoints through Standards Action. RFC 1254 Gateway Congestion Gateway Congestion Control Survey Approaches and mechanisms for controlling packet congestion in Internet gateways. RFC 1453 XTP A Comment on Packet Video Remote Conferencing and the Transport/Network Layers Considering transport protocols for multimedia and video conferencing. RFC 1538 Advanced SNA/IP : A Simple SNA Transport Protocol Carrying IBM network traffic through the Internet RFC 1613 XOT cisco Systems X.25 over TCP (XOT) Sending X.25 packets over the Internet using TCP. RFC 1936 HW Internet Checksum Implementing the Internet Checksum in Hardware Efficient hardware implementation of the Internet Checksum at gigabit speeds RFC 2383 ST2+ over ATM ST2+ over ATM Protocol Specification - UNI 3.1 Version A streaming protocol designed to work across ATM networks. RFC 2398 Some Testing Tools for TCP Implementors A guide to software tools that test how well TCP implementations follow the specification. RFC 2556 OSI connectionless transport services on top of UDP Applicability Statement for Historic Status Explaining why an old and unused RFC should be retired. RFC 2884 ECN performance Performance Evaluation of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) in IP Networks Performance testing shows marking congested packets improves TCP throughput over packet drops RFC 2963 Rate Adaptive Shaper A Rate Adaptive Shaper for Differentiated Services Techniques to improve TCP performance in DiffServ networks by reducing traffic burstiness RFC 3154 IP Paging Requirements and Functional Architecture for an IP Host Alerting Protocol Requirements and architecture for waking dormant mobile IP hosts when they receive packets. RFC 3248 A Delay Bound alternative revision of RFC 2598 An alternative definition of the Expedited Forwarding service, for the record RFC 3322 SigComp requirements Signaling Compression (SigComp) Requirements & Assumptions Requirements for compressing signaling protocol messages in wireless networks. RFC 3385 iSCSI CRC considerations Internet Protocol Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)/Checksum Considerations Analyzing error detection codes for reliable storage over IP networks RFC 3409 ROHC lower layers Lower Layer Guidelines for Robust RTP/UDP/IP Header Compression What link layers need to do to support robust header compression RFC 3639 Considerations on the use of a Service Identifier in Packet Headers Understanding how networks identify services in traffic RFC 3794 Survey of IPv4 Addresses in Currently Deployed IETF Transport Area Standards Track and Experimental Documents A catalog of IPv4 address dependencies in transport area standards. RFC 4166 SIGTRAN applicability Telephony Signalling Transport over Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Applicability Statement How to carry telephone control signals over the internet using SCTP. RFC 4278 Standards Maturity Variance Regarding the TCP MD5 Signature Option (RFC 2385) and the BGP-4 Specification Why BGP-4 can normatively reference a weaker security standard than usual. RFC 4336 DCCP Problem Statement Problem Statement for the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) Why streaming media and games need a transport protocol with congestion control. RFC 4465 SigComp torture tests Signaling Compression (SigComp) Torture Tests Comprehensive test cases for SigComp implementations, emphasizing boundary and error cases RFC 4586 AVPF timing simulations Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback: Results of the Timing Rule Simulations Testing the timing rules of faster RTP feedback with simulations RFC 4808 TCP-MD5 Key Change Key Change Strategies for TCP-MD5 How to change TCP-MD5 keys without stopping BGP sessions RFC 4923 Quality of Service (QoS) Signaling in a Nested Virtual Private Network Quality of service signals across encrypted nested tunnels RFC 5236 Improved Packet Reordering Metrics Two metrics to measure how shuffled packets become in networks. RFC 5532 NFS RDMA problem Network File System (NFS) Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) Problem Statement How network file sharing becomes too slow when data must be copied many times. RFC 5783 Congestion Control RFCs Congestion Control in the RFC Series A survey of IETF RFCs that address how the Internet avoids getting overloaded. RFC 5972 GIST state machine General Internet Signaling Transport (GIST) State Machine Flowcharts showing every step a signaling node takes in establishing paths RFC 5980 NSIS mobility NSIS Protocol Operation in Mobile Environments How network signaling protocols adapt when mobile devices change their connection points. RFC 5994 Application of Ethernet Pseudowires to MPLS Transport Networks Carrying Ethernet services across MPLS transport networks RFC 6627 PCN Encoding Overview Overview of Pre-Congestion Notification Encoding How to mark packets when networks get busy but before they break. RFC 6663 PCN Signaling Needs Requirements for Signaling of Pre-Congestion Information in a Diffserv Domain Requirements for pre-congestion notification signaling in Diffserv networks. RFC 6683 DVB-IPTV AL-FEC Guidelines for Implementing Digital Video Broadcasting - IPTV (DVB-IPTV) Application-Layer Hybrid Forward Error Correction (FEC) Protection Two-layer error protection for streaming video over IP networks RFC 6801 Pseudo CDP for FEC Pseudo Content Delivery Protocol (CDP) for Protecting Multiple Source Flows in the Forward Error Correction (FEC) Framework A blueprint for protecting multiple data flows with shared repair data. RFC 6802 Ericsson TWAMP octets Ericsson Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) Value-Added Octets Extensions to TWAMP for measuring network path capacity in both directions. RFC 6889 Analysis of Stateful 64 Translation Assessing improvements in IPv6-to-IPv4 translation mechanisms. RFC 7295 Report from the IAB/IRTF Workshop on Congestion Control for Interactive Real-Time Communication Report on congestion control mechanisms for real-time video and voice calls. RFC 7347 Pre-standard Linear Protection Switching in MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) How a pre-standard approach to fast failover in transport networks worked before the official spec arrived. RFC 7443 ALPN for STUN Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) Labels for Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) Usages Defines labels for STUN protocols during TLS negotiation. RFC 7609 SMC-R IBM's Shared Memory Communications over RDMA (SMC-R) Protocol Let TCP applications use high-speed RDMA without knowing it RFC 7778 ConEx Mobile Scenario Mobile Communication Congestion Exposure Scenario Use congestion signals to manage traffic and resources in 3GPP mobile networks. RFC 7928 AQM Characterization Characterization Guidelines for Active Queue Management (AQM) Guidelines for testing and evaluating queue management algorithms RFC 7963 RSVP-TE for OTN ODU RSVP-TE Extension for Additional Signal Types in G.709 Optical Transport Networks (OTNs) Signaling extensions for optical transport network containers RFC 8041 MPTCP Use Cases Use Cases and Operational Experience with Multipath TCP Real-world deployment lessons from using TCP over multiple paths RFC 8385 TRILL over MPLS Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Transparent Transport over MPLS Connecting distant TRILL networks through a carrier's MPLS backbone. RFC 8517 An Inventory of Transport-Centric Functions Provided by Middleboxes: An Operator Perspective Why network operators deploy devices that do more than just forward packets. RFC 9006 TCP for IoT TCP Usage Guidance in the Internet of Things (IoT) How to use the Transmission Control Protocol on devices with limited resources. RFC 9187 Sequence Number Extension for Windowed Protocols Extend sequence numbers at endpoints to prevent wraparound without adding packet header bits. RFC 9223 ROUTE Real-Time Transport Object Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (ROUTE) Reliable delivery of files and media over broadcast and multicast networks RFC 9308 QUIC Applicability Applicability of the QUIC Transport Protocol Practical guidance for building applications on top of QUIC RFC 9312 QUIC Manageability Manageability of the QUIC Transport Protocol A guide for network operators managing QUIC traffic RFC 9376 Applicability of GMPLS for beyond 100 Gbit/s Optical Transport Network Adapting existing optical network control protocols for speeds beyond 100 gigabits per second. RFC 9392 RTCP Congestion Feedback Sending RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Feedback for Congestion Control in Interactive Multimedia Conferences How often video calls can report network jams without wasting bandwidth. RFC 9401 DTH flag The Addition of the Death (DTH) Flag to TCP A humorous TCP flag inspired by anime and manga narrative conventions. RFC 9426 BATS Coding BATched Sparse (BATS) Coding Scheme for Multi-hop Data Transport Linear network coding that mixes packets to recover from losses across multiple hops RFC 9435 New DSCP Considerations Considerations for Assigning a New Recommended Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) How to choose a good Differentiated Services Code Point when assigning a new one. RFC 9506 Flow measurement bits Explicit Host-to-Network Flow Measurements Techniques Marking bits in packet headers for measuring network delay and loss on encrypted transport. RFC 9566 DetNet PREOF over UDP Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Packet Replication, Elimination, and Ordering Functions (PREOF) via MPLS over UDP/IP Reliable message delivery over IP using replication, elimination and ordering RFC 9952 ALPN for CoAP over DTLS Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) ID for CoAP over DTLS Registering a protocol name tag for CoAP when secured with DTLS. RFC 10055 ECN for UDP sockets Configuring UDP Sockets for Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) for Common Platforms How to configure UDP sockets to use explicit congestion notification on Linux, Apple, and Windows. RFC 317 Official Host-Host Protocol Modification: Assigned Link Numbers Assignments of link numbers for Message Switching Protocol and network measurement. RFC 832 Who talks TCP? A snapshot of which computers on the early internet could talk using TCP-based services in December 1982. RFC 969 NETBLT NETBLT: A bulk data transfer protocol A protocol for fast, reliable transfer of large data blocks over networks RFC 5665 RPC netids and uaddrs IANA Considerations for Remote Procedure Call (RPC) Network Identifiers and Universal Address Formats IANA registries for RPC network identifiers and universal address formats. RFC 6580 RDDP IANA Registries IANA Registries for the Remote Direct Data Placement (RDDP) Protocols Official code registries for Remote Direct Data Placement protocol extensions RFC 8912 Initial Performance Metrics Registry Entries The baseline catalog of standardized network performance measurements. RFC 9751 RTP media types Closing the RTP Payload Format Media Types Registry Consolidating where RTP payload format media types are registered. RFC 834 Who talks TCP? A weekly survey of which ARPANET hosts actually answered Telnet, FTP and SMTP connection attempts over TCP. RFC 836 Who talks TCP? January 1983 snapshot of TCP service adoption across early Internet hosts. RFC 837 Who talks TCP? Mid-January 1983 snapshot of TCP service adoption across Internet hosts. RFC 842 Who talks TCP? - survey of 1 February 83 A February 1983 survey of TCP support on Internet hosts, continuing the tracking of rapid TCP adoption. RFC 3695 Compact FEC Compact Forward Error Correction (FEC) Schemes Forward error correction schemes with smaller packet headers for reliable bulk delivery. RFC 8889 Multipoint AltMark Multipoint Alternate-Marking Method for Passive and Hybrid Performance Monitoring Measuring packet loss and delay across paths that split and merge in the network RFC 721 Out-of-Band Control Signals in a Host-to-Host Protocol Methods for sending urgent control signals independently from data in a host-to-host protocol. RFC 892 ISO TP draft ISO Transport Protocol specification A draft specification for the ISO protocol that moves data reliably across networks. RFC 1078 TCPMUX TCP port service Multiplexer (TCPMUX) A single TCP port that routes client requests to different services by name. RFC 5048 iSCSI Corrections Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) Corrections and Clarifications Clarifications and fixes to the iSCSI protocol for implementers. RFC 4148 IPPM metrics registry IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) Metrics Registry Assigning unique identifiers to network performance metrics RFC 1791 TCP/UDP over IPX TCP And UDP Over IPX Networks With Fixed Path MTU Running TCP and UDP protocols on IPX networks so TCP/IP applications work on Novell networks. RFC 1792 TCP/IPX MIB TCP/IPX Connection Mib Specification SNMP management objects for TCP and UDP running over IPX instead of IP. RFC 4410 SRMP Selectively Reliable Multicast Protocol (SRMP) A transport protocol for multicast networks mixing reliable and best-effort messages. RFC 5525 RSerPool MIB Reliable Server Pooling MIB Module Definition Monitoring tools for reliable server pools using SNMP. RFC 5634 DCCP Quick-Start Quick-Start for the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) Allowing faster initial sending rates when the network permits. RFC 6069 TCP-LCD Making TCP More Robust to Long Connectivity Disruptions (TCP-LCD) Making TCP faster at detecting when a broken connection comes back RFC 7122 DTN Datagram Convergence Datagram Convergence Layers for the Delay- and Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN) Bundle Protocol and Licklider Transmission Protocol (LTP) Carrying DTN data over UDP and DCCP instead of TCP. RFC 7417 Extensions to Generic Aggregate RSVP for IPv4 and IPv6 Reservations over Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) Domains RSVP extensions for admitting traffic based on network congestion signals. RFC 7514 RECN Really Explicit Congestion Notification (RECN) An April Fools' approach to telling hosts to slow down, very explicitly. RFC 7765 RTO Restart TCP and Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) RTO Restart Faster loss recovery when connections have little data in flight RFC 7974 TCP Host ID Option An Experimental TCP Option for Host Identification A TCP option to identify individual hosts behind address-sharing devices. RFC 8511 TCP ABE TCP Alternative Backoff with ECN (ABE) Softer backoff when the network gently signals congestion, improving throughput on modern AQM buffers. RFC 8699 Coupled RTP CC Coupled Congestion Control for RTP Media Multiple media streams share a network bottleneck fairly by cooperating. RFC 8803 Convert protocol 0-RTT TCP Convert Protocol A proxy translates extended TCP to standard TCP with no extra delay. RFC 9188 GMA Generic Multi-Access (GMA) Encapsulation Protocol Lightweight protocol for combining multiple networks below the transport layer RFC 9407 Tetrys Tetrys: An On-the-Fly Network Coding Protocol An on-the-fly network coding protocol for loss-sensitive, delay-sensitive streaming. RFC 9840 rLEDBAT rLEDBAT: Receiver-Driven Low Extra Delay Background Transport for TCP Lets a TCP receiver slow a background download by shrinking the window it advertises, with no change to the sender. RFC 4460 SCTP errata Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Specification Errata and Issues Corrections and clarifications to the SCTP specification after five years of implementation experience. RFC 6429 TCP persist TCP Sender Clarification for Persist Condition When the receiver has no room, the sender keeps checking if that changes. RFC 8540 SCTP Errata Stream Control Transmission Protocol: Errata and Issues in RFC 4960 A compilation of corrections and clarifications to the Stream Control Transmission Protocol. RFC 19 Two protocol suggestions to reduce congestion at swap bound nodes Let hosts choose which messages to receive first to reduce swapping overhead. RFC 58 Logical Message Synchronization A discussion of how to keep logical messages synchronized when they are split across physical network messages RFC 59 Flow Control - Fixed Versus Demand Allocation Two approaches to preventing senders from overwhelming receivers. RFC 68 Comments on Memory Allocation Control Commands: CEASE, ALL, GVB, RET, and RFNM Simplifying the buffer allocation scheme with better acknowledgments. RFC 71 Reallocation in Case of Input Error How to recover buffer space when messages arrive with errors. RFC 117 Some comments on the official protocol Clarifying edge cases found while implementing the Host-Host protocol RFC 128 Bytes Handling mismatched byte sizes in the Host-Host protocol RFC 142 Time-Out Mechanism in the Host-Host Protocol Detecting and recovering from lost connections in early network protocols RFC 161 Solution to the race condition in the ICP How to avoid conflicting connection requests without changing the Host-Host protocol. RFC 175 Comments on "Socket Conventions Reconsidered" Rand's concerns about socket address space requirements. RFC 197 Initial Connection Protocol - Reviewed A simpler alternative to the rushed Initial Connection Protocol. RFC 210 Improvement of Flow Control A proposal to improve early ARPANET flow-control commands and prevent buffer desynchronization RFC 787 Connectionless data transmission survey/tutorial Why the OSI model should embrace message-at-a-time communication. RFC 848 Who provides the "little" TCP services? A survey listing which Internet hosts offered small TCP utility services like Echo, Discard, and Finger. RFC 962 TCP-4 prime TCP-4 prime Ideas for faster transaction-oriented TCP variants. RFC 1007 Military supplement to the ISO Transport Protocol Configuration guide for ISO Transport Protocol Classes 2 and 4 in DOD networks. RFC 1018 Some comments on SQuID Two types of Internet congestion and how to handle them differently. RFC 1086 ISO-TP0 Bridge ISO-TP0 bridge between TCP and X.25 Relay ISO Transport Protocol connections between TCP/IP hosts and X.25 hosts. RFC 4351 Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload for Text Conversation Interleaved in an Audio Stream Sending typed messages during voice calls over RTP. RFC 6587 Syslog over TCP Transmission of Syslog Messages over TCP How legacy systems transmitted logging messages over TCP before standardized methods.