Areas / Routing

Routing

BGP, OSPF, MPLS and multicast.

1667 RFCs · 1667 with AI ELI5 · 0 summaries · 0 index pages

With AI ELI5 1667

RFC 2328 OSPF v2 OSPF Version 2 Open Shortest Path First - the dominant interior gateway routing protocol RFC 4271 BGP-4 A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) The routing protocol that holds the Internet together RFC 3473 GMPLS RSVP-TE Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions How the RSVP-TE signaling protocol is extended to set up paths across optical, time-division and fiber switches, not just packet routers. RFC 3209 RSVP-TE RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels How RSVP was extended to build label-switched tunnels along chosen routes in MPLS networks. RFC 6325 RBridges Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol Specification Ethernet bridges that route: IS-IS finds shortest paths and a hop count makes loops survivable. RFC 3032 MPLS Label Stack MPLS Label Stack Encoding The 32-bit label stack entry that lets routers forward by label instead of address. RFC 3471 GMPLS signaling Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Functional Description How MPLS-style label signaling was stretched to set up paths over time slots, wavelengths and whole fibers. RFC 5440 PCEP Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP) The protocol a router uses to ask a dedicated path computation server for a route, and to hear back. RFC 5340 OSPFv3 OSPF for IPv6 OSPF version 3: the same link-state routing engine, reworked to carry IPv6 prefixes. RFC 7761 PIM-SM Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised) How routers deliver multicast traffic to groups of receivers by meeting at a Rendezvous Point and then optionally taking shortcuts. RFC 4364 BGP/MPLS IP VPN BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) How a provider runs many customers' private IP networks over one shared MPLS backbone, using BGP to carry the routes. RFC 5036 LDP LDP Specification How MPLS routers agree on the labels they stick on packets, so traffic can follow normally routed paths. RFC 5880 BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) A lightweight hello protocol that lets two neighbouring systems notice a broken path in a fraction of a second. RFC 6550 RPL RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks How tiny, battery-powered devices on flaky radio links build routes to a central point and back. RFC 8231 Stateful PCEP Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Stateful PCE How a path computation server can learn about, and take control of, the label switched paths a router already runs. RFC 3031 MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture How routers can forward packets by swapping short labels instead of re-reading IP addresses at every hop. RFC 7432 EVPN BGP MPLS-Based Ethernet VPN How providers use BGP and MPLS to stitch customer Ethernet sites together, with multihoming and MAC learning done in the control plane. RFC 4090 RSVP-TE Fast Reroute Fast Reroute Extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP Tunnels Pre-built detours for MPLS tunnels, so traffic can switch around a failed link or router in tens of milliseconds. RFC 1195 IS-IS for IP Use of OSI IS-IS for Routing in TCP/IP and Dual Environments One link-state routing protocol that can carry routes for IP, for OSI, or for both at once. RFC 5586 MPLS G-ACh MPLS Generic Associated Channel How MPLS paths and links get a built-in side channel for maintenance messages, flagged by reserved label 13. RFC 8029 MPLS Ping Detecting Multiprotocol Label Switched (MPLS) Data-Plane Failures A ping and traceroute for MPLS label switched paths that follows the same route as real traffic. RFC 2453 RIPv2 RIP Version 2 The small-network routing protocol that learned to carry subnet masks, next hops and a password. RFC 5304 IS-IS HMAC-MD5 Auth IS-IS Cryptographic Authentication How IS-IS routers can sign their routing messages with HMAC-MD5 instead of sending a plain password. RFC 3630 OSPF-TE Traffic Engineering (TE) Extensions to OSPF Version 2 How OSPF routers advertise bandwidth, colors and other link attributes so paths can be chosen by more than distance. RFC 6513 MVPN Multicast in MPLS/BGP IP VPNs How a provider carries a customer's IP multicast between VPN sites without drowning its core routers in per-flow state. RFC 4202 GMPLS routing Routing Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) What extra link details routers must advertise so paths can be computed over optical and TDM links, not just packet links. RFC 4203 OSPF for GMPLS OSPF Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) The exact OSPF fields that let routers advertise optical and other non-packet links for GMPLS. RFC 6487 RPKI certificates A Profile for X.509 PKIX Resource Certificates The strict recipe for X.509 certificates that prove who holds which IP address blocks and AS numbers. RFC 5305 IS-IS TE IS-IS Extensions for Traffic Engineering New IS-IS building blocks that let routers advertise link details such as bandwidth, plus wider metrics and a loop-proof way to leak prefixes down levels. RFC 5310 IS-IS Generic Auth IS-IS Generic Cryptographic Authentication A generic IS-IS authentication type that lets routers protect their messages with HMAC and the SHA family of hashes. RFC 6790 MPLS entropy labels The Use of Entropy Labels in MPLS Forwarding A spare label that lets MPLS routers balance traffic across paths without peeking inside packets. RFC 7177 TRILL Adjacency Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Adjacency How TRILL switches say hello, confirm they can really talk, and agree on who is in charge of a shared link. RFC 4761 VPLS using BGP Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Using BGP for Auto-Discovery and Signaling How provider routers use BGP to find each other and wire up a multipoint Ethernet LAN across a network. RFC 8402 Segment Routing Segment Routing Architecture Steer a packet by giving it an ordered list of instructions, so only the entry router has to remember the path. RFC 5307 IS-IS GMPLS IS-IS Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) The new IS-IS fields that let routers advertise optical, TDM and packet links for GMPLS path planning. RFC 6130 NHDP Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Neighborhood Discovery Protocol (NHDP) How wireless routers that move around find out who can hear them, and who their neighbors' neighbors are. RFC 2784 GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) A simple, general wrapper for carrying one network-layer protocol inside another. RFC 3931 L2TPv3 Layer Two Tunneling Protocol - Version 3 (L2TPv3) How to tunnel Layer 2 circuits such as Ethernet or PPP across an IP network with a control channel and a lightweight data header. RFC 7181 OLSRv2 The Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2 A proactive link state routing protocol for wireless ad hoc networks that uses multipoint relays to cut control traffic. RFC 4360 BGP Extended Communities BGP Extended Communities Attribute A structured, 8-octet label that BGP routes can carry, so operators can filter and steer routes by type. RFC 2710 MLD Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6 How an IPv6 router learns which multicast addresses have listeners on each attached link. RFC 1997 BGP Communities BGP Communities Attribute A tag on BGP routes that lets operators group destinations and apply policy to the whole group. RFC 5015 BIDIR-PIM Bidirectional Protocol Independent Multicast (BIDIR-PIM) Multicast shared trees that carry data in both directions, using an elected forwarder on each link instead of per-source state. RFC 3945 GMPLS Architecture Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Architecture How MPLS-style label switching is stretched to control time slots, wavelengths and whole fibers, not just packets. RFC 4760 Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4 How BGP-4 learned to carry routes for IPv6, VPNs and other address types without breaking old routers. RFC 3306 Unicast-prefix multicast Unicast-Prefix-based IPv6 Multicast Addresses How an IPv6 multicast address can embed a network's unicast prefix so a network gets its own multicast addresses. RFC 5838 OSPFv3 Address Families Support of Address Families in OSPFv3 How OSPFv3 routes IPv4 and multicast prefixes by running one separate OSPFv3 instance per address family. RFC 4872 GMPLS Recovery RSVP-TE Extensions in Support of End-to-End Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Recovery How RSVP-TE signals backup paths and the switch to them when a GMPLS path fails. RFC 6378 MPLS-TP Protection MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Linear Protection A small protocol that lets the two ends of an MPLS-TP path agree, within milliseconds, to move traffic to a backup path. RFC 4206 GMPLS LSP Hierarchy Label Switched Paths (LSP) Hierarchy with Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Traffic Engineering (TE) How a GMPLS router can turn a traffic-engineered path into a link that other paths nest inside. RFC 3985 PWE3 Architecture Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Architecture The architecture for emulating wires such as T1, Frame Relay, ATM and Ethernet across IP and MPLS networks. RFC 2236 IGMPv2 Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2 How hosts tell their local multicast routers which groups they want, and how they say goodbye quickly. RFC 3212 CR-LDP Constraint-Based LSP Setup using LDP Extends LDP so an MPLS network can set up label-switched paths that follow explicit routes and meet resource constraints. RFC 6811 Origin Validation BGP Prefix Origin Validation How a BGP router checks that the network announcing an address block is really allowed to originate it. RFC 8955 BGP Flowspec Dissemination of Flow Specification Rules How BGP carries traffic filter rules, so routers can drop, rate-limit, redirect or re-mark matching packets across networks. RFC 4448 Ethernet over MPLS Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Ethernet over MPLS Networks How Ethernet frames are wrapped, tagged or untagged, and carried over an MPLS network as if across one long cable. RFC 5444 MANET Packet Format Generalized Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Packet/Message Format A compact, extensible packet and message layout that MANET routing protocols can share. RFC 4385 PWE3 Control Word Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Control Word for Use over an MPLS PSN A four-bit marker at the front of pseudowire packets so MPLS routers never mistake them for IP. RFC 5810 ForCES Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Protocol Specification The language a network device's control brain uses to program and monitor the parts that actually forward packets. RFC 2622 RPSL Routing Policy Specification Language (RPSL) A text language for writing down who a network accepts routes from, announces routes to, and with what preferences. RFC 8281 PCE-Initiated LSP Setup Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for PCE-Initiated LSP Setup in a Stateful PCE Model Lets a central path computation server tell a router to build and tear down label switched paths on demand. RFC 7854 BMP BGP Monitoring Protocol (BMP) A one-way feed from a router to a monitoring station, replacing screen scraping for BGP route views. RFC 1930 AS Guidelines Guidelines for creation, selection, and registration of an Autonomous System (AS) When a network really needs its own Autonomous System number, and when it is better off without one. RFC 6625 MVPN Wildcards Wildcards in Multicast VPN Auto-Discovery Routes Wildcards let one BGP route tell a provider network that many customer multicast flows share a single tunnel. RFC 4456 BGP Route Reflection BGP Route Reflection: An Alternative to Full Mesh Internal BGP (IBGP) How a few BGP routers can relay routes inside an AS so that not every router needs a session with every other. RFC 4875 P2MP RSVP-TE Extensions to Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) for Point-to-Multipoint TE Label Switched Paths (LSPs) How RSVP-TE builds traffic-engineered trees from one sender to many receivers, with no multicast routing protocol in the core. RFC 5085 VCCV Pseudowire Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV): A Control Channel for Pseudowires A built-in side channel that lets two routers test whether a pseudowire really carries traffic end to end. RFC 8664 PCEP for segment routing Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Segment Routing How a path computation server hands Segment Routing label lists to routers, and how routers say what they can handle. RFC 5921 MPLS-TP A Framework for MPLS in Transport Networks How to build packet networks that run and are managed like traditional transport networks, using a strict subset of MPLS. RFC 6388 mLDP Label Distribution Protocol Extensions for Point-to-Multipoint and Multipoint-to-Multipoint Label Switched Paths How MPLS routers build one-to-many and many-to-many label switched paths using only LDP. RFC 6073 Segmented Pseudowire How to chain several pseudowires end to end, so one emulated service can cross different networks and signaling protocols. RFC 9350 IGP Flex-Algo IGP Flexible Algorithm Let IS-IS and OSPF compute their own constrained paths, such as lowest delay or avoiding certain links, without separate tunnels. RFC 6553 RPL Option The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) Option for Carrying RPL Information in Data-Plane Datagrams An IPv6 hop-by-hop option that lets RPL routers stamp routing information onto data packets to catch loops and inconsistencies fast. RFC 5286 IP Fast Reroute LFA Basic Specification for IP Fast Reroute: Loop-Free Alternates Routers precompute a safe backup next hop, so traffic can switch away from a failed link in tens of milliseconds. RFC 5059 PIM BSR Bootstrap Router (BSR) Mechanism for Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) How multicast routers elect a leader that tells everyone which Rendezvous Point serves which group. RFC 3472 GMPLS CR-LDP Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Constraint-based Routed Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP) Extensions The CR-LDP version of GMPLS signaling for time-division, wavelength and fiber switched networks. RFC 8138 6LoWPAN Routing Header IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Routing Header A compact way to carry RPL routing information in tiny 6LoWPAN frames. RFC 9012 BGP Tunnel Encap The BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute How a BGP route can carry the tunnel type, endpoint and header details a router needs to send traffic through a tunnel. RFC 4874 Exclude Routes - Extension to Resource ReserVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) How a path request can tell RSVP-TE routers which nodes, links and risk groups the path must avoid. RFC 5885 BFD for VCCV Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for the Pseudowire Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV) Four ways to run BFD fault detection over a pseudowire's VCCV control channel. RFC 8287 SR LSP Ping/Traceroute Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping/Traceroute for Segment Routing (SR) IGP-Prefix and IGP-Adjacency Segment Identifiers (SIDs) with MPLS Data Planes Teaching MPLS ping and traceroute to test paths that are built from Segment Routing segments. RFC 8300 NSH Network Service Header (NSH) A small header that tells a packet which chain of services to visit, and carries notes for them along the way. RFC 1058 RIP Routing Information Protocol How early gateways swapped distance tables so every router could find the shortest path. RFC 3270 MPLS Diffserv Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Support of Differentiated Services How to carry Differentiated Services traffic classes across MPLS label switched paths, with two LSP flavors to choose from. RFC 8754 IPv6 SRH IPv6 Segment Routing Header (SRH) The IPv6 routing header that carries an ordered list of segments, so a packet can be steered hop by hop along a chosen path. RFC 5065 BGP Confederations Autonomous System Confederations for BGP Split a huge autonomous system into member systems that look like one AS from outside, so internal BGP no longer needs a full mesh. RFC 5420 RSVP-TE Attributes Encoding of Attributes for MPLS LSP Establishment Using Resource Reservation Protocol Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Two new RSVP-TE objects give MPLS tunnels as many attribute flags as they need, after the old 8-bit field ran out. RFC 6205 GMPLS lambda labels Generalized Labels for Lambda-Switch-Capable (LSC) Label Switching Routers A standard 32-bit label that names a specific optical wavelength so lambda-switching equipment from different vendors can agree. RFC 5331 MPLS Upstream Labels MPLS Upstream Label Assignment and Context-Specific Label Space How an MPLS router can choose a label itself and tell its neighbors, using a separate label space to avoid clashes. RFC 4204 LMP Link Management Protocol (LMP) How two neighboring network nodes keep their control channels alive, check their links and report faults. RFC 4655 PCE architecture A Path Computation Element (PCE)-Based Architecture A blueprint for handing constrained path computation in MPLS and GMPLS networks to dedicated, cooperating Path Computation Elements. RFC 6374 Packet Loss and Delay Measurement for MPLS Networks How two MPLS routers count lost packets and time each other's replies, using small query and response messages. RFC 3973 PIM-DM Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode (PIM-DM): Protocol Specification (Revised) Flood multicast traffic everywhere first, then let routers with no interested members prune their branches off. RFC 8077 LDP Pseudowires Pseudowire Setup and Maintenance Using the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) How two edge routers use LDP to agree on the label that carries an emulated Layer 2 link across an MPLS network. RFC 4873 GMPLS Segment Recovery GMPLS Segment Recovery How to protect or restore just one stretch of a GMPLS label switched path instead of the whole route. RFC 6488 RPKI signed objects Signed Object Template for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) The common CMS envelope that every signed object in the RPKI is built from. RFC 8205 BGPsec BGPsec Protocol Specification Digital signatures on every hop of a BGP route, so a receiver can check the AS path was really passed along. RFC 5492 BGP capabilities Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4 How two BGP routers tell each other which optional features they support, without dropping the session. RFC 8182 RRDP The RPKI Repository Delta Protocol (RRDP) How RPKI repositories hand out their data over HTTPS using a snapshot, a list of changes and a small notification file. RFC 8584 EVPN DF Election Framework for Ethernet VPN Designated Forwarder Election Extensibility A framework for choosing which multihomed edge router forwards broadcast traffic in an Ethernet VPN, with a fairer algorithm and failure awareness. RFC 9010 RPL Leaves Routing for RPL (Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks) Leaves How a simple device that knows nothing about RPL still gets routed to, because its router speaks RPL for it. RFC 5884 BFD for MPLS LSPs Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs) How a lightweight liveness protocol is bootstrapped by LSP Ping to catch data plane failures on MPLS paths quickly. RFC 5709 OSPFv2 HMAC-SHA OSPFv2 HMAC-SHA Cryptographic Authentication How OSPFv2 routers can sign their packets with the SHA family of hash algorithms in HMAC mode. RFC 8365 EVPN overlay A Network Virtualization Overlay Solution Using Ethernet VPN (EVPN) How Ethernet VPN's BGP control plane can drive VXLAN, NVGRE and MPLS-over-GRE overlays in multi-tenant data centers. RFC 9776 IGMPv3 Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 3 How IPv4 hosts tell multicast routers which groups, and which senders, they want to hear from. RFC 6371 MPLS-TP OAM Operations, Administration, and Maintenance Framework for MPLS-Based Transport Networks The toolbox of fault, performance and lock checks that MPLS-TP transport networks use, described without tying it to one protocol. RFC 4023 MPLS in IP and GRE Encapsulating MPLS in IP or Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) How to carry MPLS packets across plain IP networks by wrapping them in IP or GRE headers. RFC 5812 ForCES FE Model Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Forwarding Element Model A common blueprint for describing what a packet-forwarding box can do, how it is wired inside, and how a controller can configure it. RFC 6987 OSPF Stub Router OSPF Stub Router Advertisement How an OSPF router can say 'do not route through me' while still being reachable itself. RFC 7606 Revised Error Handling for BGP UPDATE Messages Why a single malformed BGP attribute should cost you some routes, not the whole peering session. RFC 4928 Avoiding Equal Cost Multipath Treatment in MPLS Networks Why some MPLS payloads get split across paths, and how to define a payload so that packets stay in order. RFC 5443 LDP IGP Sync LDP IGP Synchronization How a router can keep traffic off a link where routing is up but label switching is not, with no protocol changes. RFC 3956 Embedded-RP Embedding the Rendezvous Point (RP) Address in an IPv6 Multicast Address Hiding the multicast rendezvous point's address inside the IPv6 group address itself. RFC 5384 PIM Join Attributes The Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Join Attribute Format A way for a router to attach extra, typed attributes to a PIM Join message when it asks to join a multicast tree. RFC 5654 MPLS-TP requirements Requirements of an MPLS Transport Profile The list of things MPLS must do to work as a carrier-grade packet transport network. RFC 7178 TRILL RBridge Channel Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): RBridge Channel Support A general side channel that lets TRILL switches send each other control messages such as BFD. RFC 9777 MLDv2 Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) for IPv6 How IPv6 routers learn which multicast groups, and which senders, their neighbors want to hear. RFC 4607 SSM for IP Source-Specific Multicast for IP Multicast where a receiver names the exact sender it wants, using reserved address ranges. RFC 4762 VPLS using LDP Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Using Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Signaling How provider routers use LDP-signaled pseudowires to make far-apart customer sites behave like one Ethernet LAN. RFC 3443 MPLS TTL processing Time To Live (TTL) Processing in Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Networks How the hop counter in an MPLS packet is handled when label-switched paths are stacked inside one another. RFC 4328 GMPLS for G.709 Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Extensions for G.709 Optical Transport Networks Control How GMPLS signaling asks for and labels paths through G.709 optical transport networks. RFC 4724 BGP graceful restart Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP How BGP routers keep forwarding traffic while a neighbor restarts, instead of tearing routes down. RFC 7450 AMT Automatic Multicast Tunneling A way to deliver multicast to receivers behind networks that cannot carry it, by tunneling it over UDP. RFC 7582 MVPN Bidir P-Tunnels Multicast Virtual Private Network (MVPN): Using Bidirectional P-Tunnels The missing rules for carrying customer multicast across a provider backbone on two-way tunnels. RFC 8967 Babel MAC Auth MAC Authentication for the Babel Routing Protocol A way to stamp every Babel routing packet with a keyed checksum and defeat replays, for both unicast and multicast traffic. RFC 7176 TRILL IS-IS Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Use of IS-IS The exact IS-IS message formats and code points that let TRILL switches share maps, multicast listeners and capabilities. RFC 6480 RPKI Architecture An Infrastructure to Support Secure Internet Routing How signed certificates tied to IP address allocations let a network prove it may announce a route. RFC 1722 RIPv2 applicability RIP Version 2 Protocol Applicability Statement Where RIP version 2 fits: a simple distance-vector protocol with subnet masks, next hop and authentication. RFC 5088 OSPF PCE Discovery OSPF Protocol Extensions for Path Computation Element (PCE) Discovery How OSPF routers announce which of them can compute paths for others, and what kinds of paths they can compute. RFC 5089 IS-IS PCE Discovery IS-IS Protocol Extensions for Path Computation Element (PCE) Discovery How IS-IS routers announce which servers can compute paths, and what kinds of paths each one can handle. RFC 9085 BGP-LS for SR Border Gateway Protocol - Link State (BGP-LS) Extensions for Segment Routing How BGP carries Segment Routing labels and SIDs from IGP areas up to a controller. RFC 5082 GTSM The Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM) Send routing-protocol packets with TTL 255 and drop anything that arrives with less, so distant attackers cannot pose as a neighbor. RFC 9286 RPKI Manifests Manifests for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) A signed packing list that lets RPKI validators notice when files at a repository have been removed, swapped for stale copies or tampered with. RFC 3564 DS-TE Requirements Requirements for Support of Differentiated Services-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering What service providers need if MPLS traffic engineering is to treat each Diff-Serv class of traffic on its own terms. RFC 5701 IPv6 Address Specific BGP Extended Community Attribute A BGP extended community that carries a 16-octet IPv6 address, for networks that cannot rely on IPv4 addresses. RFC 5786 OSPF TE Local Addresses Advertising a Router's Local Addresses in OSPF Traffic Engineering (TE) Extensions How an OSPF router tells its neighbors about loopback and other local addresses so traffic-engineered paths can end there. RFC 8655 DetNet architecture Deterministic Networking Architecture The blueprint for IP networks that deliver real-time flows with bounded latency and extremely low loss. RFC 8986 SRv6 Programming Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) Network Programming Turning IPv6 addresses into instructions: a catalogue of behaviors that routers run when a packet names them. RFC 9603 PCEP for SRv6 Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for IPv6 Segment Routing The PCEP extensions that let a path computation server hand out Segment Routing paths for the IPv6 data plane. RFC 2725 Routing Policy Security Routing Policy System Security Who may add, change or delete entries in a routing registry, and how the registry proves it. RFC 5918 LDP Typed Wildcard FEC Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) 'Typed Wildcard' Forward Equivalence Class (FEC) A way for an LDP router to say 'all labels of this kind' in one message, with a capability to announce support. RFC 6428 MPLS-TP CC, CV and RDI Proactive Connectivity Verification, Continuity Check, and Remote Defect Indication for the MPLS Transport Profile How MPLS-TP uses BFD to notice a dead path, check it is the right path, and tell the far end about a problem. RFC 6870 PW Preferential Status Pseudowire Preferential Forwarding Status Bit A status bit that lets two ends of a redundant pseudowire set agree which one is active and which are on standby. RFC 7271 MPLS-TP LP for ITU-T MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Linear Protection to Match the Operational Expectations of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, Optical Transport Network, and Ethernet Transport Network Operators Extra MPLS-TP linear protection behaviors so operators of SDH, OTN and Ethernet transport networks get the switching they expect. RFC 9252 SRv6 BGP Services BGP Overlay Services Based on Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) How BGP tells edge routers which IPv6 address to send each customer's traffic to, so VPNs can ride on SRv6. RFC 8060 LCAF LISP Canonical Address Format (LCAF) A common envelope that lets LISP control messages carry addresses of many kinds, from AS numbers and MAC addresses to multicast groups and geo-coordinates. RFC 3172 arpa domain Management Guidelines & Operational Requirements for the Address and Routing Parameter Area Domain ("arpa") The rules the IAB uses to run the special arpa domain that holds the DNS lookups Internet infrastructure depends on. RFC 4606 GMPLS SONET/SDH Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Extensions for Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Control How GMPLS signaling asks for SONET and SDH circuits: the traffic parameters and the SUKLM label. RFC 4632 CIDR Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR): The Internet Address Assignment and Aggregation Plan How the Internet stopped handing out addresses in three fixed sizes and started counting prefix bits. RFC 2702 MPLS traffic engineering Requirements for Traffic Engineering Over MPLS What an MPLS network must be able to do so operators can steer traffic around congestion instead of letting shortest paths pile up. RFC 4552 OSPFv3 authentication Authentication/Confidentiality for OSPFv3 How OSPFv3 routers use IPsec AH and ESP headers to authenticate, and optionally encrypt, their routing messages. RFC 5881 BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for IPv4 and IPv6 (Single Hop) How two directly connected routers or hosts run fast failure detection over plain IPv4 and IPv6. RFC 9256 SR Policy Segment Routing Policy Architecture How a router holds an ordered list of segments as a named policy and steers traffic into it. RFC 1793 OSPF Demand Circuits Extending OSPF to Support Demand Circuits How OSPF can stay quiet on dial-up and pay-per-use links so the connection can close when nothing needs to be sent. RFC 3477 RSVP-TE unnumbered links Signalling Unnumbered Links in Resource ReSerVation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) How RSVP-TE names point-to-point links that have no IP address, so MPLS traffic-engineered paths can cross them. RFC 4012 RPSLng Routing Policy Specification Language next generation (RPSLng) How the language for writing down routing policy learned about IPv6 and multicast. RFC 6478 Static PW status Pseudowire Status for Static Pseudowires How hand-configured pseudowires tell each other about faults, using a side channel in the data path. RFC 8562 BFD for Multipoint Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for Multipoint Networks How BFD, the fast liveness check, is adapted so one sender can let a whole group of receivers detect a broken multicast path. RFC 8697 PCEP LSP associations Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Establishing Relationships between Sets of Label Switched Paths (LSPs) A generic PCEP object for putting Label Switched Paths into named groups so related paths can share policy and behavior. RFC 3963 NEMO Basic Support Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol How a whole moving network, such as the network on a vehicle, keeps its addresses and sessions by tunneling through a home agent. RFC 6793 BGP four-octet ASNs BGP Support for Four-Octet Autonomous System (AS) Number Space How BGP grew from two-octet to four-octet AS numbers while old and new routers kept working together. RFC 4786 Anycast Operation Operation of Anycast Services Best practice for running a service from many places at once under the same IP address. RFC 4486 BGP Cease subcodes Subcodes for BGP Cease Notification Message Eight reason codes that let a BGP router say why it is closing a session, plus advice on how to retry. RFC 5301 IS-IS Dynamic Hostname Dynamic Hostname Exchange Mechanism for IS-IS A way for IS-IS routers to advertise their own names, so people can read network output without decoding system IDs. RFC 7470 PCEP vendor constraints Conveying Vendor-Specific Constraints in the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol A standard container for carrying a vendor's own constraints and metrics inside PCEP messages. RFC 5120 IS-IS Multi-Topology M-ISIS: Multi Topology (MT) Routing in Intermediate System to Intermediate Systems (IS-ISs) Run several independent IP topologies inside one IS-IS routing domain, each with its own shortest-path tree. RFC 5441 BRPC A Backward-Recursive PCE-Based Computation (BRPC) Procedure to Compute Shortest Constrained Inter-Domain Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths How a chain of path computation servers finds the shortest constrained path across several network domains without revealing their insides. RFC 6481 RPKI repository profile A Profile for Resource Certificate Repository Structure How the RPKI stores its certificates, revocation lists and signed objects so routers' validators can find and fetch them. RFC 8660 SR-MPLS Segment Routing with the MPLS Data Plane How Segment Routing rides on ordinary MPLS: segments are labels, the route is a stack of them, and the forwarding plane stays unchanged. RFC 827 EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) The first draft of how separately run gateway systems tell each other which networks they can reach. RFC 2918 BGP Route Refresh Route Refresh Capability for BGP-4 A BGP capability that lets a router ask its peer to resend its routes without resetting the session. RFC 3219 TRIP Telephony Routing over IP (TRIP) A BGP-style protocol that lets telephony providers advertise which phone numbers they can reach, and by which route. RFC 4974 GMPLS Calls Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) RSVP-TE Signaling Extensions in Support of Calls How GMPLS signaling sets up an agreement between two endpoints before any actual connection is built. RFC 5308 IS-IS for IPv6 Routing IPv6 with IS-IS How IS-IS learned to carry IPv6 prefixes with two new TLVs, so one routing protocol can handle IPv6, IPv4 and OSI. RFC 6810 RPKI-to-Router The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) to Router Protocol How a router fetches already-validated route-origin data from a trusted cache over a simple binary protocol. RFC 7665 SFC Architecture Service Function Chaining (SFC) Architecture The architecture for steering traffic through an ordered set of network services such as firewalls and NATs, independent of network topology. RFC 5462 MPLS Traffic Class Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Stack Entry: "EXP" Field Renamed to "Traffic Class" Field The MPLS label field once called EXP gets a name that matches what it does: Traffic Class. RFC 7172 TRILL labeling Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Fine-Grained Labeling How TRILL grows its data labels from about 4,000 VLAN IDs to 24-bit fine-grained labels for large data centers. RFC 7684 OSPFv2 Extended LSAs OSPFv2 Prefix/Link Attribute Advertisement Optional, TLV-based Opaque LSAs that let OSPFv2 attach extra attributes to prefixes and links. RFC 9301 LISP Control Plane Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Control Plane The messages and helper servers LISP uses to look up where an endpoint currently lives and to keep that answer up to date. RFC 2022 Multicast over ATM Support for Multicast over UNI 3.0/3.1 based ATM Networks How IP multicast gets a membership registry and one-to-many circuits on a network that only connects endpoints one pair at a time. RFC 4201 Link bundling Link Bundling in MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE) How to group several parallel links into one advertised link while still naming the exact one an LSP uses. RFC 5860 MPLS-TP OAM Requirements Requirements for Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) in MPLS Transport Networks The checklist of health-check and troubleshooting tools that MPLS transport networks must be able to offer. RFC 8362 OSPFv3 LSA extensibility OSPFv3 Link State Advertisement (LSA) Extensibility A TLV-based LSA format that lets OSPFv3 carry new link and prefix information without separate side LSAs. RFC 5561 LDP capabilities LDP Capabilities How LDP routers announce optional features when a session starts, and switch them on or off later. RFC 5960 MPLS-TP data plane MPLS Transport Profile Data Plane Architecture The data plane of MPLS-TP: how packets are labelled and forwarded over transport paths, pseudowires and sections. RFC 6232 IS-IS purge originator Purge Originator Identification TLV for IS-IS A small IS-IS extension that stamps each purge with the system ID of the router that created it. RFC 6427 MPLS fault OAM MPLS Fault Management Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Alarm messages that tell the end points of a transport path why service broke, so they do not raise a storm of alarms. RFC 7139 GMPLS Signaling for OTN GMPLS Signaling Extensions for Control of Evolving G.709 Optical Transport Networks How GMPLS signaling asks for the new ODU0, ODU2e, ODU4 and ODUflex containers in optical transport networks. RFC 7175 TRILL BFD Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Support How TRILL switches use BFD to notice a failed neighbor in far less time than IS-IS Hellos allow. RFC 7188 OLSRv2 and NHDP TLVs Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2 (OLSRv2) and MANET Neighborhood Discovery Protocol (NHDP) Extension TLVs Rules that let OLSRv2 and NHDP routers shrug off unfamiliar TLV values, so the protocols can be extended safely. RFC 7307 LDP Extensions for Multi-Topology How MPLS Label Distribution Protocol learns to keep separate label bindings for separate network topologies. RFC 2772 6Bone Backbone Routing Guidelines The rulebook that kept routing on the 6bone IPv6 testbed stable: which prefixes may be advertised, to whom, and who polices it. RFC 3101 OSPF NSSA The OSPF Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA) Option An OSPF area that stays small like a stub area but can still bring in some outside routes. RFC 7770 OSPF Router Capabilities Extensions to OSPF for Advertising Optional Router Capabilities A single OSPF advertisement where routers list the optional features they support. RFC 9300 LISP Data Plane The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) How LISP routers wrap ordinary packets in UDP so that a host's identity and its network location can be kept apart. RFC 3812 MPLS TE MIB Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering (TE) Management Information Base (MIB) The SNMP objects that let operators create, inspect and monitor MPLS traffic engineering tunnels in a uniform way. RFC 8966 Babel The Babel Routing Protocol A distance-vector routing protocol that stays loop-free on both stable wired networks and shaky wireless meshes. RFC 6754 PIM ECMP redirect Protocol Independent Multicast Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP) Redirect How upstream PIM routers tell downstream routers which of several equal-cost links to join on. RFC 5614 OSPF-MDR Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Extension of OSPF Using Connected Dominating Set (CDS) Flooding An OSPFv3 extension that lets a few well-chosen routers do the flooding in mobile wireless networks. RFC 4684 VPN route constraint Constrained Route Distribution for Border Gateway Protocol/MultiProtocol Label Switching (BGP/MPLS) Internet Protocol (IP) Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) Letting BGP routers say which VPN Route Targets they care about, so they only receive the VPN routes they need. RFC 5152 A Per-Domain Path Computation Method for Establishing Inter-Domain Traffic Engineering (TE) Label Switched Paths (LSPs) Let each domain work out its own stretch of a long MPLS or GMPLS path as the signal moves along. RFC 6370 MPLS-TP IDs MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Identifiers Naming conventions for the nodes, interfaces, tunnels, paths and maintenance points of an MPLS Transport Profile network. RFC 8665 OSPFv2 SR extensions OSPF Extensions for Segment Routing How OSPFv2 routers advertise the labels and identifiers that let a path be built from segments. RFC 8667 IS-IS SR extensions IS-IS Extensions for Segment Routing How IS-IS routers advertise the identifiers and label ranges that Segment Routing over MPLS relies on. RFC 4207 LMP SONET/SDH Test Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Encoding for Link Management Protocol (LMP) Test Messages How LMP link verification works on SONET and SDH links, using trace bytes and new trace messages. RFC 6484 RPKI Certificate Policy Certificate Policy (CP) for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) The rulebook for certificates that prove who currently holds IP address blocks and AS numbers. RFC 6489 RPKI key rollover Certification Authority (CA) Key Rollover in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) How a certification authority in the RPKI swaps its key pair without breaking anyone who validates its objects. RFC 7110 Return Path LSP Ping Return Path Specified Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping Lets the sender of an MPLS LSP ping choose which path the echo reply must take back. RFC 7179 TRILL Header Extension Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Header Extension How TRILL headers carry optional extra flags safely, and the first two flags defined for it. RFC 7524 Inter-Area P2MP LSPs Inter-Area Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) Segmented Label Switched Paths (LSPs) How to carry one-to-many MPLS traffic across several routing areas by cutting the path into per-area pieces glued together with BGP. RFC 7900 MVPN Extranet Extranet Multicast in BGP/IP MPLS VPNs How multicast traffic from a source in one BGP/MPLS VPN can safely reach receivers in another VPN. RFC 8779 PCEP for GMPLS Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for GMPLS How PCEP is extended so path computation works for GMPLS networks such as optical transport, not only for MPLS. RFC 9524 SR replication segment Segment Routing Replication for Multipoint Service Delivery A Segment Routing building block that copies one packet at a node and sends the copies to several downstream nodes. RFC 6074 Provisioning, Auto-Discovery, and Signaling in Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks (L2VPNs) How layer 2 VPN endpoints are named, discovered with BGP and connected with LDP or L2TPv3 pseudowires. RFC 7880 S-BFD Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) A stripped-down BFD where a node can test a remote target instantly, with no session setup handshake. RFC 8279 BIER Multicast Using Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) Multicast where each packet carries a bit for every destination router, so the core keeps no per-flow state. RFC 1267 BGP-3 Border Gateway Protocol 3 (BGP-3) The third version of BGP, the protocol networks use to tell each other which destinations they can reach. RFC 8306 PCEP for P2MP TE LSPs Extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) for Point-to-Multipoint Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths PCEP extensions that let a path computation element plan a tree-shaped MPLS path from one source to many leaves. RFC 5613 OSPF LLS OSPF Link-Local Signaling A backward-compatible way to tack extra data onto OSPF Hello and Database Description packets. RFC 7166 OSPFv3 Auth Trailer Supporting Authentication Trailer for OSPFv3 A way to authenticate OSPFv3 packets with a trailer and a keyed hash, so routers need not depend on IPsec. RFC 3813 MPLS LSR MIB Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Switching Router (LSR) Management Information Base (MIB) The standard SNMP data model for configuring and monitoring a label switching router: interfaces, segments, cross-connects and label stacks. RFC 4124 DS-TE Protocol Extensions for Support of Diffserv-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering How MPLS traffic engineering learns to reserve bandwidth separately for each class of traffic, such as voice and data. RFC 6425 P2MP LSP ping Detecting Data-Plane Failures in Point-to-Multipoint MPLS - Extensions to LSP Ping How to ping and trace MPLS paths that branch to many receivers, without flooding the sender with replies. RFC 7357 TRILL ESADI Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): End Station Address Distribution Information (ESADI) Protocol An optional protocol that lets TRILL switches share end station MAC addresses per VLAN or fine-grained label. RFC 2080 RIPng RIPng for IPv6 RIP carried over to IPv6: the same simple distance-vector routing, with 128-bit prefixes in each route entry. RFC 2439 BGP Flap Damping BGP Route Flap Damping How a BGP router can quietly stop listening to routes that keep going up and down, without slowing down the stable ones. RFC 3623 Graceful OSPF Restart Graceful OSPF Restart How an OSPF router can restart its routing software while neighbors keep treating it as part of the network. RFC 4605 IGMP/MLD proxying Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) / Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)-Based Multicast Forwarding ("IGMP/MLD Proxying") How a simple edge device can forward multicast using only IGMP or MLD group membership, with no multicast routing protocol. RFC 4811 OSPF Out-of-Band Resync OSPF Out-of-Band Link State Database (LSDB) Resynchronization How two OSPF routers can re-sync their link state databases without dropping the adjacency between them. RFC 5332 MPLS Multicast Encapsulations Repurposes the two MPLS Ethernet codepoints so both can carry multicast, and says what MAC address multicast MPLS frames use. RFC 5541 PCEP objective functions Encoding of Objective Functions in the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) How a PCEP client tells a path computation server what 'best path' means, and how the server says what it supports. RFC 5883 BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for Multihop Paths How to run BFD liveness checks across several routed hops, where the single-hop tricks no longer work. RFC 7348 VXLAN Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN): A Framework for Overlaying Virtualized Layer 2 Networks over Layer 3 Networks Wrapping Ethernet frames in UDP so virtual machines can share one Layer 2 network across a Layer 3 data center. RFC 7474 OSPFv2 manual keys Security Extension for OSPFv2 When Using Manual Key Management How OSPFv2 manual keys get replay protection with a 64-bit sequence number and a hash that covers the sender's IP address. RFC 7490 Remote LFA Remote Loop-Free Alternate (LFA) Fast Reroute (FRR) When no neighbor can safely catch your traffic after a link fails, tunnel it to a router that can. RFC 4750 OSPFv2 MIB OSPF Version 2 Management Information Base The SNMP objects and traps that let a network manager inspect and configure OSPF version 2 on a router. RFC 5303 IS-IS 3-Way Handshake Three-Way Handshake for IS-IS Point-to-Point Adjacencies An optional extra field in IS-IS hello packets that lets two routers confirm they can hear each other before declaring a point-to-point link up. RFC 7981 IS-IS Capabilities IS-IS Extensions for Advertising Router Information A generic IS-IS TLV that lets a router announce its capabilities to the rest of a level or the whole domain. RFC 8570 IS-IS Traffic Engineering (TE) Metric Extensions How IS-IS routers share link delay, loss and bandwidth so paths can be chosen on performance, not just cost. RFC 9436 PIM Type Extension PIM Message Type Space Extension and Reserved Bits Gives the spare bits in the PIM message header a job and makes room for 48 new PIM message types. RFC 6720 GTSM for LDP The Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM) for the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) How LDP routers use a TTL check to refuse peering attempts from anyone who is not directly connected. RFC 6757 PMIPv6 ANI option Access Network Identifier (ANI) Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6 A Proxy Mobile IPv6 option that tells the anchor which access network, place and operator a mobile node is using. RFC 6826 mLDP In-Band Signaling Multipoint LDP In-Band Signaling for Point-to-Multipoint and Multipoint-to-Multipoint Label Switched Paths How a PIM multicast tree can cross an MPLS network by hiding its source and group inside the mLDP label request itself. RFC 7551 RSVP-TE Extensions for Associated Bidirectional Label Switched Paths (LSPs) How RSVP-TE ties two one-way label switched paths into a single two-way path, with independent or one-sided setup. RFC 7631 TLV Naming in the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Generalized Packet/Message Format A pure naming cleanup of the MANET TLV registries so type extensions can be allocated without misleading names. RFC 7988 MVPN Ingress Replication Ingress Replication Tunnels in Multicast VPN How multicast VPN routers join, leave and label ingress replication tunnels, where the parent sends one unicast copy per child. RFC 8401 BIER in IS-IS Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) Support via IS-IS The IS-IS advertisements that let routers set up Bit Index Explicit Replication multicast. RFC 8408 PCEP path setup type Conveying Path Setup Type in PCE Communication Protocol (PCEP) Messages How PCEP peers announce and select the method used to set up a traffic engineering path, beyond RSVP-TE. RFC 8671 BMP Adj-RIB-Out Support for Adj-RIB-Out in the BGP Monitoring Protocol (BMP) Lets BGP monitoring show the routes a router advertises, not only the ones it receives. RFC 9050 PCECC Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Procedures and Extensions for Using the PCE as a Central Controller (PCECC) of LSPs How a central PCE server can tell every router on a static MPLS path which labels to use. RFC 9069 BMP Loc-RIB Support for Local RIB in the BGP Monitoring Protocol (BMP) How a router can show a BMP monitoring station the routes it actually selected, not just the routes it heard. RFC 904 EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol formal specification The formal state machine and message formats gateways used to tell each other which networks they could reach. RFC 4208 GMPLS UNI Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) User-Network Interface (UNI): Resource ReserVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Support for the Overlay Model How edge nodes ask a GMPLS core network for connections using RSVP-TE, without seeing inside the core. RFC 5520 PCE path key Preserving Topology Confidentiality in Inter-Domain Path Computation Using a Path-Key-Based Mechanism How a PCE can hand back a locked token instead of its internal path, so cooperating networks keep their topology private. RFC 8177 YANG Key Chains YANG Data Model for Key Chains A standard YANG model for key chains, so routers can hold keys with lifetimes and swap them without breaking authentication. RFC 8939 DetNet IP Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: IP How IP routers and hosts give deterministic service to flows by recognizing them from ordinary IP and port fields. RFC 8964 DetNet MPLS Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: MPLS How Deterministic Networking flows are carried over MPLS using pseudowire-style labels and a control word with sequence numbers. RFC 5250 OSPF Opaque LSA The OSPF Opaque LSA Option A generic container for OSPF to flood extra, application-specific data with the normal link-state machinery. RFC 3746 ForCES Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Framework How a router can be split into separate control and forwarding parts that talk over a standard protocol. RFC 4026 PPVPN Terminology Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Network (VPN) Terminology A shared vocabulary for VPNs that a service provider builds and runs for its customers. RFC 4664 L2VPN framework Framework for Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks (L2VPNs) The reference models and building blocks for provider-run Layer 2 VPNs: point-to-point wires, emulated LANs and the pseudowires underneath. RFC 9552 BGP-LS Distribution of Link-State and Traffic Engineering Information Using BGP How routers hand their view of the network topology and traffic engineering data to outside tools using BGP. RFC 4182 MPLS Explicit NULL Removing a Restriction on the use of MPLS Explicit NULL MPLS Explicit NULL labels may now sit anywhere in the label stack, not just at the bottom. RFC 6368 iBGP PE-CE Internal BGP as the Provider/Customer Edge Protocol for BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) Letting customer routers and provider edge routers swap BGP routes over iBGP, so a BGP/MPLS VPN looks invisible to the customer. RFC 3626 OLSR Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) A proactive link-state routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks that floods through a few chosen relay nodes. RFC 3035 MPLS using LDP and ATM VC Switching How ATM switches can act as MPLS label switching routers, using their VPI/VCI fields as labels. RFC 4553 SAToP Structure-Agnostic Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) over Packet (SAToP) Carrying T1, E1, T3 and E3 bit-streams across a packet network as pseudowires, without interpreting their framing. RFC 4604 IGMPv3/MLDv2 for SSM Using Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3) and Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol Version 2 (MLDv2) for Source-Specific Multicast How IGMPv3 and MLDv2 hosts and routers should behave when a receiver asks for traffic from one specific sender. RFC 4659 BGP/MPLS IPv6 VPN BGP-MPLS IP Virtual Private Network (VPN) Extension for IPv6 VPN How a provider carries customers' private IPv6 networks across its backbone using Multiprotocol BGP and MPLS. RFC 5150 GMPLS LSP Stitching Label Switched Path Stitching with Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering (GMPLS TE) How to join several GMPLS label switched paths into one end-to-end path, with each piece dedicated to a single end-to-end path. RFC 5329 OSPFv3 TE Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF Version 3 How OSPFv3 routers advertise traffic engineering link and address data for IPv6 networks. RFC 6002 GMPLS DCSC Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Data Channel Switching Capable (DCSC) and Channel Set Label Extensions A new GMPLS switching type for whole-channel ports and a label that names a whole set of channels at once. RFC 6551 RPL Routing Metrics Routing Metrics Used for Path Calculation in Low-Power and Lossy Networks The menu of link and node measurements that RPL can use to pick good paths through battery-powered, unreliable networks. RFC 6554 RPL SRH An IPv6 Routing Header for Source Routes with the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) A compact IPv6 source routing header that lets RPL deliver packets through routers too small to store routes. RFC 7117 VPLS Multicast Multicast in Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) How VPLS carries multicast and broadcast over shared trees in the provider network instead of copying every packet to every edge router. RFC 7471 OSPF TE metrics OSPF Traffic Engineering (TE) Metric Extensions New OSPF TE sub-TLVs that carry link delay, delay variation, loss and bandwidth so paths can be chosen by performance. RFC 7623 PBB-EVPN Provider Backbone Bridging Combined with Ethernet VPN (PBB-EVPN) How to give EVPN the MAC-address aggregation of Provider Backbone Bridging, so BGP carries one route per site instead of one per host. RFC 7911 BGP ADD-PATH Advertisement of Multiple Paths in BGP How BGP speakers can advertise several paths to the same prefix without each one replacing the last. RFC 8296 BIER Encapsulation Encapsulation for Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) in MPLS and Non-MPLS Networks The exact header that lets a multicast packet carry a bit for every router that should receive it. RFC 9352 SRv6 for IS-IS IS-IS Extensions to Support Segment Routing over the IPv6 Data Plane How IS-IS routers tell each other about SRv6 segments: locators, SIDs, behaviors and hardware limits. RFC 9855 TI-LFA Topology Independent Fast Reroute Using Segment Routing Precomputed backup paths for Segment Routing that follow where traffic would go after the network reconverges. RFC 10041 OSPF unreachable links Advertising Unreachable Links in OSPF How OSPF can advertise a link that the normal route calculation must ignore, using the metric 0xffff. RFC 888 EGP (stub) "STUB" Exterior Gateway Protocol How a stub gateway tells the core of the Internet which networks it can reach, and checks that its neighbor is still alive. RFC 4216 Inter-AS MPLS TE MPLS Inter-Autonomous System (AS) Traffic Engineering (TE) Requirements Why providers want MPLS traffic-engineered paths that cross autonomous system borders, and what a solution must do. RFC 4272 BGP security analysis BGP Security Vulnerabilities Analysis A walk through the ways attackers and misbehaving peers can abuse BGP routing data. RFC 4427 GMPLS Recovery Terms Recovery (Protection and Restoration) Terminology for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) A shared vocabulary for backup paths, failure handling and switch-over in GMPLS networks. RFC 4657 PCE protocol reqs Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol Generic Requirements The checklist a protocol must satisfy so routers can ask a path computation server for routes. RFC 5659 Multi-segment PW An Architecture for Multi-Segment Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge How a pseudowire can be built from several linked segments instead of one end-to-end tunnel. RFC 6163 WSON Framework Framework for GMPLS and Path Computation Element (PCE) Control of Wavelength Switched Optical Networks (WSONs) How GMPLS and the Path Computation Element can control optical networks that switch individual wavelengths of light. RFC 1356 IP over X.25 Multiprotocol Interconnect on X.25 and ISDN in the Packet Mode How IP and other network protocols ride on X.25 virtual circuits, and on ISDN in the packet mode. RFC 1772 BGP Application Application of the Border Gateway Protocol in the Internet How BGP-4 is meant to be used between autonomous systems: topology, route aggregation, policy and path selection. RFC 8364 PIM flooding PIM Flooding Mechanism (PFM) and Source Discovery (SD) Flood the list of active multicast sources through a PIM network so routers can skip Rendezvous Points and shared trees. RFC 1701 GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) A simple, general way to wrap packets of any network protocol inside packets of another. RFC 3916 PWE3 Requirements Requirements for Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) What a pseudo-wire must do to make a packet network pass for a dedicated Ethernet, ATM or Frame Relay circuit. RFC 2545 BGP-4 for IPv6 Use of BGP-4 Multiprotocol Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing How BGP-4 carries IPv6 routes, and how to build the next hop field when link-local addresses are involved. RFC 4623 PWE3 fragmentation Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Fragmentation and Reassembly A shared way to split an oversized pseudowire payload into fragments and rebuild it, for MPLS and L2TP pseudowires. RFC 5511 RBNF Routing Backus-Naur Form (RBNF): A Syntax Used to Form Encoding Rules in Various Routing Protocol Specifications The written-down rules for the BNF dialect that RSVP, LMP and PCEP specifications already used to describe their messages. RFC 5601 PW MIB Pseudowire (PW) Management Information Base (MIB) A standard SNMP data model for configuring and monitoring pseudowires, the emulated circuits carried across a packet network. RFC 6001 GMPLS MLN/MRN Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Protocol Extensions for Multi-Layer and Multi-Region Networks (MLN/MRN) How one GMPLS control plane can run a network that mixes packet, time-slot, wavelength and fiber switching. RFC 6438 Flow label for ECMP Using the IPv6 Flow Label for Equal Cost Multipath Routing and Link Aggregation in Tunnels How tunnel endpoints can set the IPv6 flow label so routers spread tunneled traffic evenly across equal cost paths. RFC 6780 RSVP ASSOCIATION RSVP ASSOCIATION Object Extensions Widening the RSVP ASSOCIATION object beyond GMPLS recovery, with larger identifiers for MPLS-TP. RFC 8175 DLEP Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP) How a router and its radio or satellite modem keep each other posted on changing link speed, delay and reachability. RFC 8214 EVPN VPWS Virtual Private Wire Service Support in Ethernet VPN How Ethernet VPN carries point-to-point wire services over MPLS/IP without pseudowire signaling. RFC 8666 OSPFv3 SR extensions OSPFv3 Extensions for Segment Routing How OSPFv3 routers advertise Segment Routing identifiers so IPv6 networks can steer MPLS traffic along paths built from segments. RFC 9008 RPL Data Plane Using RPI Option Type, Routing Header for Source Routes, and IPv6-in-IPv6 Encapsulation in the RPL Data Plane When RPL packets need the RPI option, a source routing header, or IPv6-in-IPv6 wrapping, and a new RPI option type. RFC 3038 VCID for LDP VCID Notification over ATM link for LDP How neighbouring ATM label switching routers agree on a shared identifier for each virtual connection. RFC 4209 Link Management Protocol (LMP) for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Optical Line Systems Letting optical routers and switches ask the DWDM line equipment between them about link health and properties. RFC 4349 HDLC over L2TPv3 High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) Frames over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, Version 3 (L2TPv3) How to carry HDLC frames across an IP network as an L2TPv3 pseudowire, including link status signalling. RFC 4377 MPLS OAM Requirements Operations and Management (OAM) Requirements for Multi-Protocol Label Switched (MPLS) Networks What network operators told the IETF they need to find, diagnose and measure faults in MPLS networks. RFC 4593 Routing threats Generic Threats to Routing Protocols A vocabulary of who attacks routing protocols, what they do, and the damage that results. RFC 5714 IP Fast Reroute IP Fast Reroute Framework A framework for routers to switch to pre-computed backup paths the moment a link or neighbor fails, without waiting for the network to reconverge. RFC 6372 MPLS-TP survivability MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Survivability Framework The framework for keeping MPLS-TP traffic flowing after a link or node fails, through protection, restoration and OAM-driven switching. RFC 7473 LDP SAC Controlling State Advertisements of Non-negotiated LDP Applications A way for an LDP router to tell its peer which older applications it does not want state for. RFC 8379 OSPF link shutdown OSPF Graceful Link Shutdown How an OSPF router warns both ends of a link, and any controller, that the link is about to go down for maintenance. RFC 8444 BIER OSPFv2 OSPFv2 Extensions for Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) How OSPFv2 routers tell each other the information BIER multicast forwarding needs, in MPLS networks. RFC 8611 LSP Ping for LAG Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping and Traceroute Multipath Support for Link Aggregation Group (LAG) Interfaces Teaching MPLS ping and traceroute to test every member link of a bundled link, not just the one a test packet happens to pick. RFC 8770 OSPFv2 host-bit Host Router Support for OSPFv2 A single bit that lets an OSPFv2 router say: send traffic to me, never through me. RFC 9357 PCEP LSP Extended Flags Label Switched Path (LSP) Object Flag Extension for Stateful PCE Adds a variable-length extended flag field to the PCEP LSP object after its 12 original flag bits ran out. RFC 9843 Flex-Algo metrics IGP Flexible Algorithms: Bandwidth, Delay, Metrics, and Constraints New link metrics and pruning rules let IS-IS and OSPF Flex-Algorithm steer traffic by bandwidth and delay. RFC 2154 Secure OSPF OSPF with Digital Signatures An experimental design that has every OSPF router sign its link-state data so others can verify who sent it. RFC 5132 IP Multicast MIB IP Multicast MIB A protocol-independent set of SNMP objects for watching and configuring IP multicast on routers and hosts. RFC 5302 IS-IS Domain Prefixes Domain-Wide Prefix Distribution with Two-Level IS-IS How IS-IS routers in a two-level network can share detailed prefixes between levels without creating routing loops. RFC 8277 BGP Labeled Unicast Using BGP to Bind MPLS Labels to Address Prefixes How BGP can announce not just a route to a prefix, but the MPLS label or labels bound to it. RFC 3193 Securing L2TP using IPsec How to protect L2TP tunnels with IPsec ESP and IKE, including the filter rules when ports and addresses move. RFC 3292 GSMPv3 General Switch Management Protocol (GSMP) V3 A master-slave protocol that lets an external controller set up connections, resources and ports on a label switch. RFC 3469 Framework for Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)-based Recovery The vocabulary, principles and comparison criteria for protecting MPLS traffic when links or nodes fail. RFC 4222 OSPF Prioritization Prioritized Treatment of Specific OSPF Version 2 Packets and Congestion Avoidance How OSPF routers can keep Hellos and acknowledgments flowing during an LSA storm so large networks stay up. RFC 4920 Crankback Crankback Signaling Extensions for MPLS and GMPLS RSVP-TE How a blocked MPLS or GMPLS path setup reports where it failed, so the next attempt can steer around the problem. RFC 5151 Inter-Domain RSVP-TE Inter-Domain MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering -- Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions How a traffic-engineered MPLS or GMPLS path can be signaled across several networks, and how the start of the path can insist on one method. RFC 5882 BFD Generic Application of Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) How routing protocols and other network functions should use BFD's fast failure signal without letting it run their lives. RFC 7358 LDP FEC Advertisement Label Advertisement Discipline for LDP Forwarding Equivalence Classes (FECs) Clarifies that the kind of FEC, not just the session's negotiated mode, decides how an LDP speaker advertises labels. RFC 8926 Geneve Geneve: Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation A flexible tunnel header with room for extensible metadata, built to carry virtual networks across ordinary IP data center fabrics. RFC 9129 YANG for OSPF YANG Data Model for the OSPF Protocol A standard YANG schema for configuring OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 routers and reading their state. RFC 9136 EVPN IP Prefix IP Prefix Advertisement in Ethernet VPN (EVPN) A new EVPN route type, RT-5, that lets a data center network advertise whole IP subnets for systems that cannot speak routing protocols. RFC 9572 EVPN BUM updates Updates to EVPN Broadcast, Unknown Unicast, or Multicast (BUM) Procedures Fills the gaps in how Ethernet VPNs deliver broadcast and multicast traffic, with selective and segmented tunnels. RFC 9789 MNA framework MPLS Network Actions (MNAs) Framework A framework for letting an MPLS packet carry instructions, and the data they need, inside its label stack. RFC 9892 DLEP traffic classes Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP) Traffic Classification Data Item A DLEP building block that lets a modem tell a router how to sort traffic into flows by DSCP or Ethernet priority. RFC 9893 DLEP credit flow ctl Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP) Credit-Based Flow Control Messages and Data Items How a DLEP modem hands out byte credits so a router never overruns the modem's queues. RFC 9894 DLEP Diffserv credits Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP) Diffserv Aware Credit Window Extension A DLEP extension that ties credit-window flow control to destinations and Diffserv code points. RFC 9914 RPL root-initiated Root-Initiated Routing State in the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) How a RPL Root can project shortcut and backup routes into a low-power mesh instead of making every packet detour through the Root. RFC 9960 SR P2MP policy Segment Routing Point-to-Multipoint Policy How Segment Routing builds efficient multicast-style delivery trees from a policy, using Replication segments. RFC 5715 A Framework for Loop-Free Convergence Why routers briefly send packets in circles after a network change, and the ways proposed to stop it. RFC 8051 Stateful PCE Applicability of a Stateful Path Computation Element (PCE) Why a path computation server that remembers every active tunnel can plan a network better, and what it costs. RFC 8453 ACTN Framework Framework for Abstraction and Control of TE Networks (ACTN) A framework for presenting customers with virtual, abstracted views of traffic-engineered networks, built from controllers at three levels. RFC 6832 LISP Interworking Interworking between Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) and Non-LISP Sites How sites that use LISP identifiers and sites that do not can still exchange traffic. RFC 1584 MOSPF Multicast Extensions to OSPF How OSPF routers can forward IP multicast by building a pruned shortest-path tree for each source and group. RFC 1724 RIPv2 MIB RIP Version 2 MIB Extension SNMP objects for monitoring and configuring RIP version 2: counters, per-interface settings and a peer table. RFC 3618 MSDP Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) How rendezvous points in separate multicast domains tell each other which sources are active. RFC 4842 CEP Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) Circuit Emulation over Packet (CEP) How to carry SONET/SDH optical circuits across an MPLS packet network as pseudowires. RFC 3654 ForCES Requirements for Separation of IP Control and Forwarding The terminology and requirements for splitting a router's brain from its packet-moving hardware. RFC 4105 Inter-Area MPLS TE Requirements for Inter-Area MPLS Traffic Engineering What a solution must do to let MPLS traffic engineering reach across IGP area boundaries without breaking routing hierarchy. RFC 4541 IGMP/MLD snooping Considerations for Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Snooping Switches How switches can learn multicast group membership to avoid wasting bandwidth. RFC 4726 Inter-domain MPLS TE A Framework for Inter-Domain Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering A map of the signaling, path computation and information-sharing options for traffic-engineered MPLS paths that cross domain borders. RFC 4929 Change Process for Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Protocols and Procedures The rulebook for anyone, inside or outside the IETF, who wants to extend MPLS or GMPLS: take it through IETF review first. RFC 6805 PCE domain sequence The Application of the Path Computation Element Architecture to the Determination of a Sequence of Domains in MPLS and GMPLS How a parent PCE can pick the sequence of domains for a multi-domain MPLS or GMPLS path without any domain revealing its inside. RFC 6952 Analysis of BGP, LDP, PCEP, and MSDP Issues According to the Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Design Guide A gap analysis of how BGP, LDP, PCEP and MSDP protect their sessions, measured against the KARP design guide. RFC 7115 Origin Validation Operation Based on the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Practical operating advice for networks that check who is allowed to originate a BGP route, using RPKI data. RFC 7365 NVO3 framework Framework for Data Center (DC) Network Virtualization A shared vocabulary and reference model for building virtual tenant networks on top of an ordinary IP data center network. RFC 7926 TE Network Info Exchange Problem Statement and Architecture for Information Exchange between Interconnected Traffic-Engineered Networks How separate traffic-engineered networks can share just enough path information to build end-to-end connections. RFC 8938 DetNet Data Plane Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane Framework Framework for time-sensitive networked applications with guaranteed delivery. RFC 3034 Use of Label Switching on Frame Relay Networks Specification How a Frame Relay switch can act as an MPLS label switching router by carrying labels in the DLCI field. RFC 5521 PCEP route exclusions Extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) for Route Exclusions How a PCEP client tells a path computation server which nodes, links and risk groups the route must avoid. RFC 5641 L2TPv3 circuit status Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3) Extended Circuit Status Values Seven status bits let an L2TPv3 endpoint say which direction of a link has failed, and whether a pseudowire is on standby. RFC 5796 PIM-SM Link Security Authentication and Confidentiality in Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) Link-Local Messages How PIM-SM routers use IPsec to prove that link-local control messages really come from their neighbors. RFC 5845 GRE Key for PMIPv6 Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Key Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6 A Proxy Mobile IPv6 option that lets a gateway and an anchor agree on GRE tunnels and per-session keys. RFC 6310 PW OAM Mapping Pseudowire (PW) Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Message Mapping How a provider edge router passes fault warnings between a pseudowire and the customer circuit it emulates. RFC 6426 MPLS-TP on-demand CV MPLS On-Demand Connectivity Verification and Route Tracing How to extend LSP ping so operators can test and trace MPLS Transport Profile paths, even without IP addresses. RFC 7130 BFD on LAG Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) on Link Aggregation Group (LAG) Interfaces Run a tiny BFD session on every cable in a link bundle so a dead member is spotted fast and pulled out of use. RFC 7275 ICCP Inter-Chassis Communication Protocol for Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2VPN) Provider Edge (PE) Redundancy A protocol, carried inside LDP, that lets redundant provider edge routers share state so a backup can take over for a failed one. RFC 7356 IS-IS Flooding Scope IS-IS Flooding Scope Link State PDUs (LSPs) New IS-IS packets that flood link state data to scopes beyond an area or the Level 2 subdomain, with room for far more of it. RFC 7579 General Network Element Constraint Encoding for GMPLS-Controlled Networks A shared binary format for saying which ports connect and which labels may be used, so optical and other GMPLS networks can plan paths. RFC 7947 IXP BGP Route Server Internet Exchange BGP Route Server How a route server lets many networks at an exchange point share routes through one BGP broker. RFC 8209 BGPsec Router Certs A Profile for BGPsec Router Certificates, Certificate Revocation Lists, and Certification Requests The certificate profile that lets a router prove it may sign BGP route advertisements for its AS. RFC 8476 OSPF MSD Signaling Maximum SID Depth (MSD) Using OSPF How an OSPF router tells controllers how many segment labels it can push onto a packet. RFC 8491 IS-IS MSD Signaling Maximum SID Depth (MSD) Using IS-IS How an IS-IS router tells controllers how many segment labels it can push, and the registry of MSD types. RFC 8534 MVPN Explicit Tracking Explicit Tracking with Wildcard Routes in Multicast VPN How a multicast ingress router learns which egress routers want each flow, now with a single wildcard request. RFC 8669 BGP Prefix-SID Segment Routing Prefix Segment Identifier Extensions for BGP A BGP attribute that hands out a numbered label index for each prefix, so Segment Routing can run over BGP in MPLS networks. RFC 9135 EVPN IRB Integrated Routing and Bridging in Ethernet VPN (EVPN) How EVPN edge routers can both bridge and route tenant traffic locally, without hauling it to a central gateway. RFC 9454 OSPF terminology update Update to OSPF Terminology Swaps the master/slave wording in OSPF for Leader/Follower across seven RFCs without changing how the protocol works. RFC 9513 OSPFv3 SRv6 OSPFv3 Extensions for Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) How OSPFv3 routers tell each other about their SRv6 locators, segment IDs and limits. RFC 9685 6LoWPAN Multicast Sub Listener Subscription for IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Multicast and Anycast Addresses Lets tiny low-power IPv6 nodes subscribe to multicast and anycast addresses, and lets RPL routers carry those subscriptions. RFC 3563 Cooperative Agreement Between the ISOC/IETF and ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1/Sub Committee 6 (JTC1/SC6) on IS-IS Routing Protocol Development The written deal that split IS-IS routing work between the IETF and the ISO/IEC standards committee. RFC 4610 Anycast-RP with PIM Anycast-RP Using Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) How PIM routers can share one Rendezvous Point address across several routers without needing MSDP. RFC 4798 6PE Connecting IPv6 Islands over IPv4 MPLS Using IPv6 Provider Edge Routers (6PE) How an ISP can carry IPv6 across an IPv4-only MPLS core by upgrading only its edge routers. RFC 4915 OSPF-MT Multi-Topology (MT) Routing in OSPF Lets OSPF keep several independent maps of the same network, so different traffic can take different paths. RFC 5063 GMPLS RSVP Restart Extensions to GMPLS Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Graceful Restart How a restarting GMPLS router gets back the RSVP Path state it lost, by asking its downstream neighbors to play it back. RFC 5496 RPF Vector The Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) Vector TLV How a PIM Join can carry a next-exit-router address so multicast trees can be built through a core with no external routes. RFC 5497 MANET time TLVs Representing Multi-Value Time in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) A compact 8-bit way for MANET routers to say how long information stays valid or how often it will be refreshed. RFC 5542 Pseudowire MIB TCs Definitions of Textual Conventions for Pseudowire (PW) Management A shared set of MIB data types for managing pseudowires, so each pseudowire MIB does not reinvent them. RFC 5790 Lightweight IGMPv3/MLDv2 Lightweight Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3) and Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) Protocols A trimmed-down IGMPv3 and MLDv2 that drops the option to block specific sources. RFC 5919 LDP end-of-LIB Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion How an LDP router tells its peer that it has finished sending its initial labels. RFC 6003 Ethernet TSPEC Ethernet Traffic Parameters How a GMPLS signaling request states the Ethernet traffic rates it needs. RFC 6053 ForCES Implementation Report for Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) A report card showing that independent ForCES implementations could talk to each other in a July 2009 interop test. RFC 6119 IS-IS IPv6 TE IPv6 Traffic Engineering in IS-IS New IS-IS TLVs that let routers advertise traffic engineering information using IPv6 addresses. RFC 6165 IS-IS for Layer 2 Extensions to IS-IS for Layer-2 Systems Two generic IS-IS building blocks that let a link state protocol carry Layer-2 port and MAC address information. RFC 6552 RPL OF0 Objective Function Zero for the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) The simple default rule RPL nodes use to pick a parent and compute their Rank, so different implementations can interoperate. RFC 7186 NHDP Security Threats Security Threats for the Neighborhood Discovery Protocol (NHDP) A catalogue of ways an attacker can poison the neighbor tables that MANET routing depends on. RFC 7455 TRILL fault management Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Fault Management The fault-finding tools for TRILL networks: loopback, path trace, multicast tree checks and continuity checks. RFC 7731 MPL Multicast Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (MPL) Multicast for tiny wireless networks: every node repeats new messages a few times using Trickle, and nobody builds a multicast tree. RFC 7978 RBridge Channel Hdr Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): RBridge Channel Header Extension Adds payload tunneling and security fields to the RBridge Channel header used between TRILL switches. RFC 8968 Babel over DTLS Babel Routing Protocol over Datagram Transport Layer Security How Babel routers use DTLS to authenticate neighbours and keep their routing messages private and tamper-proof. RFC 9086 BGP-LS for SR EPE Border Gateway Protocol - Link State (BGP-LS) Extensions for Segment Routing BGP Egress Peer Engineering How BGP-LS announces the Segment Routing labels a router uses to steer traffic out to a chosen BGP peer. RFC 9326 IOAM Direct Export In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) Direct Exporting A trigger option that tells IOAM nodes to export or collect telemetry on the spot, instead of stuffing it into the packet. RFC 9573 MVPN/EVPN common labels MVPN/EVPN Tunnel Aggregation with Common Labels How many VPNs and broadcast domains can share one multicast tunnel without every router tracking a million labels. RFC 9862 PCEP SR Policy paths Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Segment Routing (SR) Policy Candidate Paths How PCEP describes Segment Routing Policies, so controllers and routers can agree on each candidate path. RFC 9895 DLEP 802.1Q credits Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP) IEEE 802.1Q Aware Credit Window Extension How DLEP modems and routers can meter Ethernet traffic with credit windows tied to VLANs and priority bits. RFC 9917 Flex-Algo rev. affinity IGP Flexible Algorithms Reverse Affinity Constraint Lets Flex-Algorithm prune links using the Admin Groups set on the reverse direction of a link. RFC 9933 SR-Algorithm in PCEP Carrying SR-Algorithm in Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) How PCEP peers learn which routing algorithm each Segment Routing label belongs to, and how a path request can demand one. RFC 10018 EVPN SR P2MP Multicast and Ethernet VPN with Segment Routing Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) and Ingress Replication How BGP advertises Segment Routing multicast trees and ingress replication for multicast and Ethernet VPNs. RFC 6827 ASON OSPFv2 Routing Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) Routing for OSPFv2 Protocols OSPFv2 extensions that let optical transport networks advertise their reachability and links, level by level. RFC 8139 TRILL Forwarders Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Appointed Forwarders How TRILL switches sharing a LAN decide which one handles each VLAN's traffic, and how they avoid loops while it changes. RFC 9479 IS-IS ASLA IS-IS Application-Specific Link Attributes How IS-IS tells routers which applications may use a link attribute, and lets each application have its own value. RFC 2991 Multipath Issues in Unicast and Multicast Next-Hop Selection Why a router with several equally good routes should not just pick a next hop at random, and which selection methods work better. RFC 3345 BGP route oscillation Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Persistent Route Oscillation Condition How BGP route reflectors and confederations, combined with MED, can make routers flip best paths forever. RFC 3446 Anycast RP Anycast Rendevous Point (RP) mechanism using Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) and Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) How several PIM-SM routers can share one rendezvous point address and stay in sync using MSDP. RFC 4454 ATM over L2TPv3 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3) How to carry ATM circuits across an IP network as L2TPv3 pseudowires, in packet or cell form. RFC 4591 Frame Relay over L2TPv3 Frame Relay over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3) How to carry Frame Relay virtual circuits across an IP network using L2TPv3 pseudowires. RFC 4984 IAB Routing Workshop Report from the IAB Workshop on Routing and Addressing What large network operators told the IAB about why the Internet routing table keeps growing, and what any fix must achieve. RFC 5029 IS-IS Link Attribute Definition of an IS-IS Link Attribute Sub-TLV A small optional flag field in IS-IS that tells other routers whether a link has local protection. RFC 5212 Requirements for GMPLS-Based Multi-Region and Multi-Layer Networks (MRN/MLN) How to manage networks with multiple switching technologies under one control plane RFC 5548 Urban LLN routing reqs Routing Requirements for Urban Low-Power and Lossy Networks What a routing protocol must do to connect huge numbers of tiny, battery-powered sensors and actuators spread across a city. RFC 5673 Industrial LLN Routing Industrial Routing Requirements in Low-Power and Lossy Networks What a routing protocol must do for battery-powered wireless sensors and actuators in industrial plants. RFC 5818 LMP Data Channel Status Data Channel Status Confirmation Extensions for the Link Management Protocol Three new LMP messages let neighboring optical switches compare notes on which data channels are in use, so stranded resources can be found. RFC 5826 Home Automation ROLL Home Automation Routing Requirements in Low-Power and Lossy Networks What a routing protocol must do to connect light switches, sensors and heaters in a home. RFC 6718 PW redundancy Pseudowire Redundancy Scenarios and requirements for keeping an emulated network service alive with backup pseudowires. RFC 6863 OSPF KARP Analysis Analysis of OSPF Security According to the Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Design Guide Security gaps in OSPF and how to fix them. RFC 6996 Autonomous System (AS) Reservation for Private Use Reserves a second, much larger block of private AS numbers for networks that do not need globally unique ones. RFC 7140 LDP HSMP LSP LDP Extensions for Hub and Spoke Multipoint Label Switched Path A multipoint label switched path that fans out from a hub to every spoke, while spokes can only talk back to the hub. RFC 7246 Multipoint Label Distribution Protocol In-Band Signaling in a Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) Table Context How multicast trees cross between IP and MPLS regions when the link between them belongs to a VRF. RFC 8233 Service-Aware PCEP Extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) to Compute Service-Aware Label Switched Paths (LSPs) PCEP learns to ask for paths by latency, delay variation, packet loss and link utilization, not just cost. RFC 8623 PCEP for P2MP LSPs Stateful Path Computation Element (PCE) Protocol Extensions for Usage with Point-to-Multipoint TE Label Switched Paths (LSPs) How a central path computer can build and manage one-to-many MPLS tunnels over PCEP. RFC 8685 PCEP for H-PCE Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for the Hierarchical Path Computation Element (H-PCE) Architecture The PCEP messages and fields that let a parent path computation server and its child servers plan one route across several network domains. RFC 8745 PCEP LSP protection Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Associating Working and Protection Label Switched Paths (LSPs) with Stateful PCE A way for a PCE and its routers to group a working LSP with its protection LSPs so backups can be planned and controlled together. RFC 8800 PCEP LSP diversity Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Label Switched Path (LSP) Diversity Constraint Signaling How PCEP tells a path computation element that a group of LSPs must take different routes through the network. RFC 6740 ILNP architecture Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP) Architectural Description Separate identity from location to enable mobility and multihoming at the network layer. RFC 6741 ILNP engineering Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP) Engineering Considerations Practical implementation details for identity-locator separation. RFC 6836 LISP+ALT Locator/ID Separation Protocol Alternative Logical Topology (LISP+ALT) A BGP-and-GRE overlay that steers LISP map requests to the router that owns an EID-prefix. RFC 4273 BGP-4 MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for BGP-4 The standard SNMP objects for watching BGP-4 peers and the paths they advertise, cleaned up from earlier versions. RFC 3293 GSMP Encapsulations General Switch Management Protocol (GSMP) Packet Encapsulations for Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Ethernet and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) How General Switch Management Protocol messages are wrapped for ATM, Ethernet and TCP links. RFC 3478 LDP graceful restart Graceful Restart Mechanism for Label Distribution Protocol How MPLS routers keep forwarding traffic while the LDP part of a neighbor's control plane restarts. RFC 3479 LDP fault tolerance Fault Tolerance for the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Extensions that let MPLS label state survive a failed TCP connection between LDP peers. RFC 4577 OSPF as PE/CE protocol OSPF as the Provider/Customer Edge Protocol for BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) How a provider's edge router can speak OSPF to a customer's router while BGP carries the routes between sites. RFC 5003 AII Aggregation Attachment Individual Identifier (AII) Types for Aggregation A new pseudowire endpoint identifier that lets providers summarize thousands of endpoints into one value. RFC 5195 BGP-Based Auto-Discovery for Layer-1 VPNs How provider routers use BGP to discover which of them serve ports in the same Layer-1 VPN. RFC 5252 OSPF-Based Layer 1 VPN Auto-Discovery How provider edge routers use OSPF to learn which customer links belong to which Layer 1 VPN. RFC 5557 PCEP global optimization Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Requirements and Protocol Extensions in Support of Global Concurrent Optimization PCEP extensions for computing or reoptimizing a whole set of traffic engineering paths together instead of one by one. RFC 6004 Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Support for Metro Ethernet Forum and G.8011 Ethernet Service Switching How GMPLS signaling sets up Ethernet private line and virtual private line connections for Metro Ethernet Forum and ITU G.8011 services. RFC 6389 MPLS Upstream Label Assignment for LDP How LDP routers hand out labels chosen by the sender, so a branch router can send one copy on a shared LAN. RFC 6510 RSVP-TE LSP Attributes Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Message Formats for Label Switched Path (LSP) Attributes Objects The exact message layouts for carrying LSP attributes in RSVP-TE Path and Resv messages, including per-leaf status for multicast LSPs. RFC 6705 PMIPv6 Localized Routing Localized Routing for Proxy Mobile IPv6 Let two mobile nodes in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain talk directly instead of detouring through the anchor. RFC 6823 Advertising Generic Information in IS-IS A single IS-IS TLV that carries any application's data without using up the protocol's limited type codes. RFC 6898 Link Management Protocol Behavior Negotiation and Configuration Modifications A generic capability flag in LMP Config messages lets neighbors discover which LMP extensions each supports. RFC 7074 Revised Definition of the GMPLS Switching Capability and Type Fields A narrow clean-up of what the GMPLS Switching Capability and Switching Type values are allowed to mean. RFC 7260 GMPLS RSVP-TE Extensions for Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Configuration Setting up OAM health checks inside the same RSVP-TE signaling that builds the label switched path. RFC 7581 WSON Routing Encoding Routing and Wavelength Assignment Information Encoding for Wavelength Switched Optical Networks Compact binary encodings for the optical-node details that wavelength routing and path computation need. RFC 7699 Flexi-Grid Labels Generalized Labels for the Flexi-Grid in Lambda Switch Capable (LSC) Label Switching Routers A 64-bit GMPLS label that names a slice of optical spectrum of any width on the flexi-grid. RFC 7781 TRILL Pseudo-Nickname Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Pseudo-Nickname for Active-Active Access How a group of TRILL edge switches can share one virtual identity so a multiply connected end station can use all its links at once. RFC 7916 Operational Management of Loop-Free Alternates Field lessons on Loop-Free Alternates, plus the policy, monitoring and troubleshooting features operators need to manage them. RFC 8114 IPv4 Multicast over IPv6 Delivery of IPv4 Multicast Services to IPv4 Clients over an IPv6 Multicast Network How an IPv6-only network can deliver IPv4 multicast streams, such as IPTV, by wrapping them in IPv6 multicast. RFC 8210 RPKI-to-Router v1 The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) to Router Protocol, Version 1 How a router gets validated RPKI route-origin data and router keys from a trusted cache, now with timers and key delivery. RFC 8529 YANG Network Instances YANG Data Model for Network Instances A YANG module for managing VRFs and virtual switch instances inside a single network device. RFC 8563 BFD Active Tails Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Multipoint Active Tails How the listeners on a multipoint path can tell the sender when they lose its packets. RFC 8571 BGP-LS TE Performance BGP - Link State (BGP-LS) Advertisement of IGP Traffic Engineering Performance Metric Extensions Seven new BGP-LS attributes that carry link delay, loss and bandwidth measurements to a controller. RFC 8595 SFC over MPLS An MPLS-Based Forwarding Plane for Service Function Chaining Carrying Service Function Chaining information in ordinary MPLS labels instead of the Network Service Header. RFC 8661 SR-MPLS and LDP Segment Routing MPLS Interworking with LDP How Segment Routing and LDP share one MPLS network, so operators can adopt SR a piece at a time. RFC 8662 SR entropy labels Entropy Label for Source Packet Routing in Networking (SPRING) Tunnels Where to put entropy labels in a Segment Routing label stack so routers can still spread traffic over parallel paths. RFC 8668 IS-IS L2 bundle members Advertising Layer 2 Bundle Member Link Attributes in IS-IS How IS-IS tells outside controllers about each physical link inside a Layer 2 bundle, not just the bundle as a whole. RFC 8957 SFL Framework Synonymous Flow Label Framework Give MPLS packets a second label that behaves like the original but also triggers an agreed action, such as counting. RFC 9017 SPL Terminology Special-Purpose Label Terminology Clear names for MPLS special-purpose labels, and a fix to how the Entropy Label Indicator is described. RFC 9353 PCEP Security in PCED IGP Extension for Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Security Capability Support in PCE Discovery (PCED) Lets OSPF and IS-IS announce whether a path computation server supports TLS or TCP-AO for PCEP. RFC 9800 SRv6 compression Compressed SRv6 Segment List Encoding A way to squeeze a long SRv6 path into far fewer bytes by packing many short SIDs into each 128-bit slot. RFC 9830 BGP SR Policy Advertising Segment Routing Policies in BGP How BGP carries Segment Routing candidate paths to the routers that will steer traffic along them. RFC 2501 MANET Mobile Ad hoc Networking (MANET): Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Considerations What makes mobile ad hoc networks different from wired ones, and how to judge routing protocols built for them. RFC 4461 P2MP TE LSP requirements Signaling Requirements for Point-to-Multipoint Traffic-Engineered MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs) What a signaling solution must provide to set up traffic-engineered MPLS paths that branch to many receivers. RFC 5867 Building Automation ROLL Building Automation Routing Requirements in Low-Power and Lossy Networks What a routing protocol must deliver for wireless sensors and controllers in commercial buildings. RFC 6518 KARP Design Guidelines Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Design Guidelines A roadmap for adding modern message authentication and key management to routing protocols. RFC 7364 Problem Statement: Overlays for Network Virtualization Why large multi-tenant data centers need virtual networks, and why overlays are a good way to build them. RFC 7379 Problem Statement and Goals for Active-Active Connection at the Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Edge Why connecting an end station to several TRILL edge switches at once breaks today's mechanisms, and what a fix must achieve. RFC 7416 A Security Threat Analysis for the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPLs) A catalogue of the ways attackers can break routing in tiny, battery-powered mesh networks, and what can be done about each. RFC 7446 WSON RWA info model Routing and Wavelength Assignment Information Model for Wavelength Switched Optical Networks The facts a path planner needs about optical nodes and links to choose routes and wavelengths together. RFC 7855 SPRING Requirements Source Packet Routing in Networking (SPRING) Problem Statement and Requirements Enabling networks to specify explicit packet routes instead of shortest paths RFC 7921 I2RS Architecture An Architecture for the Interface to the Routing System How software applications can read and write routing state through clients and agents on routers. RFC 8014 NVO3 Architecture An Architecture for Data-Center Network Virtualization over Layer 3 (NVO3) Blueprint for building virtual networks on top of the data-center IP fabric. RFC 8403 MPLS monitoring system A Scalable and Topology-Aware MPLS Data-Plane Monitoring System A monitoring server that uses Segment Routing label stacks to send its own probes along chosen MPLS paths and catch them coming back. RFC 9543 IETF Network Slices A Framework for Network Slices in Networks Built from IETF Technologies A common vocabulary and framework for network slices: connectivity between endpoints with committed performance, built on IETF technologies. RFC 4379 MPLS LSP Ping Detecting Multi-Protocol Label Switched (MPLS) Data Plane Failures Ping and traceroute for MPLS label switched paths, run through the data plane itself. RFC 1075 DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol An experimental RIP-style protocol that tells routers how to build multicast delivery trees, with tunnels across routers that cannot multicast. RFC 2455 APPN MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for APPN SNMP objects for watching and steering IBM APPN nodes, ports, link stations, topology and sessions. RFC 5311 IS-IS Extended LSP Space Simplified Extension of Link State PDU (LSP) Space for IS-IS A simpler way for an IS-IS router to advertise more than 256 LSPs by using extra system IDs. RFC 6387 GMPLS Asymmetric Bandwidth Bidirectional Label Switched Paths (LSPs) How GMPLS paths can reserve different bandwidth in each direction, using three new RSVP objects. RFC 6831 LISP Multicast The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) for Multicast Environments How inter-domain multicast keeps working when sites split their addresses into IDs and locators with LISP. RFC 8608 BGPsec Algorithms BGPsec Algorithms, Key Formats, and Signature Formats The signing algorithm, key format and signature format that BGPsec routers use, plus the reserved ranges of algorithm IDs. RFC 8630 RPKI TAL Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Trust Anchor Locator A small file that tells RPKI software where to fetch a root certificate and which key to expect. RFC 9302 LISP Map-Versioning Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Map-Versioning Version numbers on LISP mappings let routers notice stale address mappings straight from the packet header. RFC 9492 OSPF ASLA OSPF Application-Specific Link Attributes How OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 carry link attributes per application, so RSVP-TE, SR Policy and LFA stop sharing one ambiguous set. RFC 1380 IESG Deliberations on Routing and Addressing An IESG analysis of Internet scaling problems and the ROAD group's recommended solutions. RFC 1702 GRE over IPv4 Generic Routing Encapsulation over IPv4 networks How GRE packets ride inside IP, how IP rides inside GRE, and how IP addresses and AS numbers can form a source route. RFC 2260 Scalable Support for Multi-homed Multi-provider Connectivity How a network with several ISPs can stay reachable without bloating the Internet's core routing tables. RFC 3359 IS-IS reserved TLVs Reserved Type, Length and Value (TLV) Codepoints in Intermediate System to Intermediate System A shared list of which type numbers IS-IS routers already use, kept so new extensions do not collide. RFC 3569 SSM An Overview of Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) Multicast where a receiver names the one sender it wants, which sidesteps address allocation and shared trees. RFC 3785 Use of Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Metric as a second MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE) Metric How routers can use the ordinary IGP link cost as a second yardstick for placing MPLS traffic engineering tunnels. RFC 3809 PPVPN Generic Requirements for Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Networks (PPVPN) The complete set of requirements that any provider-provisioned VPN service must meet. RFC 4031 L3VPN Requirements Service Requirements for Layer 3 Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Networks (PPVPNs) A checklist of what customers and service providers need from a Layer 3 VPN service. RFC 4110 L3 PPVPN Framework A Framework for Layer 3 Provider-Provisioned Virtual Private Networks (PPVPNs) A map of the design choices for Layer 3 VPNs run by a service provider: who routes, how sites find each other, and how traffic is tunneled. RFC 4197 Requirements for Edge-to-Edge Emulation of Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) Circuits over Packet Switching Networks What a packet network must do to imitate the fixed-rate telephone circuits (T1, E1, SONET/SDH) that carry TDM traffic. RFC 4428 GMPLS Recovery Analysis Analysis of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)-based Recovery Mechanisms (including Protection and Restoration) A scorecard for judging how GMPLS networks detect failures and recover traffic, from fast protection to flexible restoration. RFC 4609 PIM-SM security Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) Multicast Routing Security Issues and Enhancements How to defend multicast routing from denial-of-service attacks RFC 4736 Loose LSP reoptimization Reoptimization of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering (TE) Loosely Routed Label Switched Path (LSP) Finding better paths in networks split across areas and domains RFC 4847 L1VPN Framework and Requirements for Layer 1 Virtual Private Networks Allowing service providers to offer virtual private networks at the optical and circuit-switched layer. RFC 6941 MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Security Framework Security framework for MPLS Transport Profile networks RFC 7498 SFC problem statement Problem Statement for Service Function Chaining Defining how to chain security and service functions in networks RFC 7637 NVGRE NVGRE: Network Virtualization Using Generic Routing Encapsulation Tunnelling Ethernet frames in GRE so each tenant in a data center gets its own virtual Layer 2 network. RFC 7835 LISP Threat Analysis Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Threat Analysis A catalogue of how attackers could abuse the Locator/ID Separation Protocol if it were deployed on the open Internet. RFC 8207 BGPsec Operations BGPsec Operational Considerations Practical advice for operators rolling out signed BGP paths: keys, partial deployment, routing policy and clocks. RFC 8283 PCE Central Control An Architecture for Use of PCE and the PCE Communication Protocol (PCEP) in a Network with Central Control How a Path Computation Element can act as a central network controller, speaking PCEP straight to the routers. RFC 8313 Inter-domain Multicast Use of Multicast across Inter-domain Peering Points How two networks hand live multicast traffic to each other: five peering setups and the guidelines around them. RFC 1721 RIPv2 analysis RIP Version 2 Protocol Analysis A report card for RIP-2: what is new, who has implemented it, and how it fared in real use. RFC 1773 BGP-4 experience Experience with the BGP-4 protocol A field report on how BGP-4 met the bar for Draft Standard through real implementations and real networks. RFC 1092 EGP and NSFNET Policy EGP and policy based routing in the new NSFNET backbone Policy-based routing using EGP between NSFNET backbone and regional networks RFC 1104 Policy Routing Models Models of policy based routing Three ways to enforce network usage rules, compared on goals, benefits, concerns and costs. RFC 4220 TE Link MIB Traffic Engineering Link Management Information Base An SNMP MIB module for configuring and monitoring traffic engineering links and bundled links. RFC 4426 GMPLS Recovery Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Recovery Functional Specification How GMPLS networks detect a failed link or path and move traffic onto a backup, described as abstract steps and messages. RFC 4576 OSPF DN bit for VPNs Using a Link State Advertisement (LSA) Options Bit to Prevent Looping in BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) A single spare bit in OSPF link state advertisements stops VPN routes from looping back into BGP. RFC 4802 GMPLS TE MIB Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Traffic Engineering Management Information Base The management tables that let operators configure and monitor GMPLS traffic-engineered tunnels over SNMP. RFC 5060 PIM MIB Protocol Independent Multicast MIB The standard SNMP MIB module for monitoring and configuring PIM multicast routers, for IPv4 and IPv6 alike. RFC 5243 OSPF Database Exchange Summary List Optimization A backward-compatible trick that roughly halves the LSA headers OSPF routers send when they synchronize. RFC 5251 L1VPN basic mode Layer 1 VPN Basic Mode How a provider sells port-based private optical and TDM connections, with customers setting up the paths themselves using GMPLS signaling. RFC 5291 BGP ORF Outbound Route Filtering Capability for BGP-4 How a BGP router can tell its neighbor which routes it wants, so unwanted ones are never sent. RFC 5602 PW over MPLS MIB Pseudowire (PW) over MPLS PSN Management Information Base (MIB) The SNMP management objects that tie a pseudowire to the MPLS tunnel or port that carries it. RFC 5710 PathErr Message Triggered MPLS and GMPLS LSP Reroutes How a router asks the routers upstream to steer an MPLS or GMPLS path around it, without tearing the path down first. RFC 5711 Node Behavior upon Originating and Receiving Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Path Error Messages What routers should do when they send or receive an RSVP-TE PathErr message about a preempted label switched path. RFC 5951 MPLS-TP management reqs Network Management Requirements for MPLS-based Transport Networks A checklist of the fault, configuration, performance and security management features that MPLS-TP equipment needs to offer. RFC 6060 Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Control of Ethernet Provider Backbone Traffic Engineering (PBB-TE) How GMPLS signaling can set up fixed, pre-planned Ethernet paths across a carrier backbone. RFC 6213 IS-IS BFD TLV IS-IS BFD-Enabled TLV A flag in IS-IS hello packets that tells neighbors BFD is on, so a broken forwarding path is not missed. RFC 6329 SPB IS-IS IS-IS Extensions Supporting IEEE 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging How IS-IS was extended with a handful of TLVs so Ethernet bridges can compute shortest paths and use the whole mesh. RFC 6395 PIM Interface ID An Interface Identifier (ID) Hello Option for PIM A PIM Hello option that lets a router tag each of its interfaces with a 64-bit identifier its neighbors can refer to. RFC 6423 GAL for pseudowires Using the Generic Associated Channel Label for Pseudowire in the MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Lets the Generic Associated Channel Label be used with pseudowires in MPLS-TP, removing a restriction from RFC 5586. RFC 6435 MPLS-TP lock/loopback MPLS Transport Profile Lock Instruct and Loopback Functions How MPLS-TP operators take a transport path out of service for maintenance, and test it with loopback. RFC 6492 RPKI up-down A Protocol for Provisioning Resource Certificates The request and response protocol an address holder uses to get, renew and retire its RPKI resource certificates. RFC 6515 IPv4 and IPv6 Infrastructure Addresses in BGP Updates for Multicast VPN Provider router addresses in multicast VPN BGP routes are told apart as IPv4 or IPv6 by their length, not by the route's address family field. RFC 6845 OSPF Hybrid Broadcast and Point-to-Multipoint Interface Type An OSPF interface type that talks like a broadcast network but draws the map like point-to-multipoint. RFC 7138 OSPF-TE for OTN Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF for GMPLS Control of Evolving G.709 Optical Transport Networks How OSPF learns which optical containers, slots and bandwidths each OTN link can switch, so GMPLS can plan paths across them. RFC 7267 Dynamic Placement of Multi-Segment Pseudowires How provider edge routers can pick the hops of a multi-segment pseudowire on their own instead of being configured by hand. RFC 7324 MPLS-TP PSC Updates Updates to MPLS Transport Profile Linear Protection Corrections and clarifications to how two MPLS-TP nodes coordinate a switch to a backup path. RFC 7391 ForCES extensions Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Protocol Extensions Two small ForCES additions: ask for a range of table rows in one request, and get far more precise error codes back. RFC 7438 mLDP wildcards Multipoint LDP (mLDP) In-Band Signaling with Wildcards Lets one mLDP message cover a whole shared multicast tree, or many source trees at once, by using zeroes as a wildcard. RFC 7466 NHDP optimization An Optimization for the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Neighborhood Discovery Protocol (NHDP) An optional tweak that lets NHDP routers keep, but not use, 2-hop neighbor data while a link's quality is briefly too low. RFC 7510 MPLS-in-UDP Encapsulating MPLS in UDP Carry MPLS packets inside UDP so ordinary IP routers can spread them across multiple paths. RFC 7552 LDP for IPv6 Updates to LDP for IPv6 The rules LDP was missing for running label distribution over IPv6, alone or side by side with IPv4. RFC 7570 LSP Attribute in ERO Label Switched Path (LSP) Attribute in the Explicit Route Object (ERO) A way to attach attributes to one specific hop of an MPLS path instead of to the whole path. RFC 7705 BGP AS Migration Autonomous System Migration Mechanisms and Their Effects on the BGP AS_PATH Attribute The router tricks ISPs use to switch to a new AS number without making every customer reconfigure at once. RFC 7794 IS-IS Prefix Attributes IS-IS Prefix Attributes for Extended IPv4 and IPv6 Reachability Three new IS-IS sub-TLVs that tag a route with extra flags and name the router that first announced it. RFC 7811 MRT Lowpoint Algorithm An Algorithm for Computing IP/LDP Fast Reroute Using Maximally Redundant Trees (MRT-FRR) The exact recipe routers use to compute two separate backup routes to every destination, so a single failure can be survived. RFC 7812 MRT-FRR An Architecture for IP/LDP Fast Reroute Using Maximally Redundant Trees (MRT-FRR) How routers pre-compute two maximally separate backup trees so any single link or node failure has a ready detour. RFC 7881 S-BFD for IP and MPLS Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) for IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS The UDP port numbers and packet rules that let Seamless BFD run over IPv4, IPv6 and MPLS. RFC 8092 BGP Large Communities BGP Large Communities Attribute A 12-byte BGP community tag that fits four-byte AS numbers, so every network can label routes without collisions. RFC 8171 TRILL Directory Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Edge Directory Assistance Mechanisms How TRILL switches look up where an address lives instead of flooding the whole network to find out. RFC 8181 RPKI Publication A Publication Protocol for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) The XML-over-HTTP protocol a certificate engine uses to publish, replace and withdraw RPKI objects at a repository. RFC 8359 Upstream label Network-Assigned Upstream Label A special all-ones label lets a GMPLS node ask the next node downstream to pick the upstream label for it. RFC 8405 SPF back-off Shortest Path First (SPF) Back-Off Delay Algorithm for Link-State IGPs A standard wait-and-see timer scheme for when link-state routers recompute routes after network changes. RFC 8538 BGP GR Notification Notification Message Support for BGP Graceful Restart Lets BGP routers keep forwarding through a session reset caused by an error, instead of throwing routes away. RFC 8651 DLEP pause extension Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP) Control-Plane-Based Pause Extension How a radio modem tells its router to stop sending traffic, and when it can start again. RFC 8814 BGP-LS MSD Signaling Maximum SID Depth (MSD) Using the Border Gateway Protocol - Link State Two new BGP-LS TLVs let routers tell a central controller how many SIDs they can stack onto a packet. RFC 8918 Invalid TLV Handling in IS-IS Spells out what an IS-IS router must do with TLVs that are not allowed or not valid in a PDU. RFC 8956 BGP Flowspec IPv6 Dissemination of Flow Specification Rules for IPv6 How BGP Flow Specification learns to describe IPv6 traffic, with new components, a prefix offset and a new redirect action. RFC 9088 Entropy Label IS-IS Signaling Entropy Label Capability and Entropy Readable Label Depth Using IS-IS How IS-IS routers announce whether they can handle entropy labels and how deep into a label stack they can read. RFC 9130 YANG for IS-IS YANG Data Model for the IS-IS Protocol A standard YANG data model for configuring IS-IS routers and reading their state, built to be extended by vendors. RFC 9161 EVPN Proxy ARP/ND Operational Aspects of Proxy ARP/ND in Ethernet Virtual Private Networks How EVPN edge routers answer ARP and IPv6 neighbor requests themselves instead of flooding them across a huge network. RFC 9251 IGMP/MLD Proxy EVPN Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Proxies for Ethernet VPN (EVPN) How EVPN edge routers act as IGMP/MLD proxies so multicast joins are shared over BGP instead of flooded. RFC 9259 SRv6 OAM Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) in Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) How ping and traceroute work over SRv6, plus a header flag that tells routers to copy a packet for telemetry. RFC 9322 IOAM Loopback/Active In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) Loopback and Active Flags Two new IOAM flags: one asks every hop to send a trimmed copy of the packet back, the other marks a packet as a measurement probe. RFC 9451 NSH OAM clarification Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Packet and Behavior in the Network Service Header (NSH) A short fix that pins down what the NSH O bit means: only packets carrying nothing but OAM data count as OAM packets. RFC 9692 RIFT RIFT: Routing in Fat Trees A routing protocol built for data center Clos and fat tree fabrics: link-state going up, distance-vector going down. RFC 9736 BMP Peer Up Namespace The BGP Monitoring Protocol (BMP) Peer Up Message Namespace BMP gives the Peer Up message its own list of TLV types instead of sharing one with the Initiation message. RFC 9746 EVPN split-horizon BGP EVPN Multihoming Extensions for Split-Horizon Filtering Lets EVPN operators choose which loop-prevention method multihomed devices use, and tells every peer about the choice. RFC 9780 BFD for P2MP LSPs Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for Multipoint Networks over Point-to-Multipoint MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs) How multipoint BFD watches point-to-multipoint MPLS paths for failures, and which IPv6 dummy address to use for it. RFC 9785 EVPN DF preference Preference-Based EVPN Designated Forwarder (DF) Election A way for EVPN operators to choose, by preference number, which router forwards flooded traffic for a multihomed site. RFC 9863 PCEP color Path Computation Element Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Color A small PCEP extension that lets a PCE and its clients carry the 32-bit color of a TE tunnel or policy. RFC 9981 RPKI manifest number Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Manifest Number Handling What RPKI issuers and relying parties do when a manifest number hits its largest possible value. RFC 9994 MNA sub-stack MPLS Network Action (MNA) Sub-Stack Specification Including In-Stack Network Actions and Data How to tuck small instructions and data for routers into the MPLS label stack itself. RFC 10028 IPv6 multicast IDs Updates to Dynamic IPv6 Multicast Address Group IDs A new IANA registry carves up the dynamic IPv6 multicast group ID space so several allocation methods can coexist. RFC 5519 IGMP/MLD MIB Multicast Group Membership Discovery MIB The SNMP management objects for watching and tuning IGMP and MLD on hosts and routers. RFC 4601 PIM-SM Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised) How multicast routers build delivery trees across a wide-area network, using a meeting-point router so senders and receivers can find each other. RFC 4447 Pseudowires with LDP Pseudowire Setup and Maintenance Using the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) How routers use LDP to set up and maintain pseudowires that carry Layer 2 traffic across an MPLS network. RFC 6621 Simplified Multicast Fwd Simplified Multicast Forwarding Basic multicast forwarding for wireless mesh and ad hoc networks, built on efficient flooding and duplicate detection. RFC 1245 OSPF Analysis OSPF Protocol Analysis A 1991 report on what OSPF version 2 does and how well it should scale, as required to advance to Draft Standard. RFC 1998 BGP Communities Usage An Application of the BGP Community Attribute in Multi-home Routing Using BGP community attributes to manage routing policy in multihomed networks. RFC 2174 A MAPOS version 1 Extension - Switch-Switch Protocol Dynamic routing for unicast and broadcast/multicast in MAPOS networks RFC 2281 HSRP Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) How a group of routers shares one virtual router address so hosts keep working when the first-hop router fails. RFC 2871 TRIP framework A Framework for Telephony Routing over IP A framework for letting telephony providers exchange routing tables for IP-to-phone gateways. RFC 3037 LDP Applicability LDP Applicability A short guide to when label distribution with LDP is the right tool for MPLS networks. RFC 3221 Commentary on Inter-Domain Routing in the Internet Analysis of BGP routing table growth and the scaling implications for inter-domain routing. RFC 3468 MPLS Signaling Decision The Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Working Group decision on MPLS signaling protocols The MPLS working group picks RSVP-TE over CR-LDP as the way to signal traffic-engineered paths. RFC 3882 BGP DoS Blackholing Configuring BGP to Block Denial-of-Service Attacks Using BGP communities to remotely trigger traffic blocking for DDoS defense. RFC 4258 GMPLS routing for ASON Requirements for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Routing for the Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) What the ITU-T's optical control plane needs from GMPLS routing: nested routing areas, controllers and a common set of advertised attributes. RFC 4674 PCE discovery reqs Requirements for Path Computation Element (PCE) Discovery What an automatic way to find path computation servers in an MPLS or GMPLS network must be able to do. RFC 4834 L3VPN Multicast Reqs Requirements for Multicast in Layer 3 Provider-Provisioned Virtual Private Networks (PPVPNs) What a provider-run Layer 3 VPN must do to carry customers' IP multicast efficiently, securely and at scale. RFC 5294 Host Threats to Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Protecting multicast routers from misbehaving hosts on the same network. RFC 5394 PCE Policy Policy-Enabled Path Computation Framework Rules for controlling how the network picks paths for traffic. RFC 6224 PMIPv6 multicast Base Deployment for Multicast Listener Support in Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) Domains How to support multicast listeners when mobile nodes move between access points. RFC 6483 ROA validation Validation of Route Origination Using the Resource Certificate Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs) How a router decides whether a BGP route is valid, invalid or unknown by comparing it with signed Route Origin Authorizations. RFC 6571 LFA Applicability Loop-Free Alternate (LFA) Applicability in Service Provider (SP) Networks Where pre-computed backup next hops (Loop-Free Alternates) work well in service provider access and core networks, and where they do not. RFC 6905 Requirements for Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) in Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Diagnostic and monitoring requirements for TRILL campus networks. RFC 6976 oFIB Framework for Loop-Free Convergence Using the Ordered Forwarding Information Base (oFIB) Approach Preventing packet loops by updating router forwarding tables in the right order. RFC 7041 Extensions to the Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Provider Edge (PE) Model for Provider Backbone Bridging How to combine two big network technologies for better scalability. RFC 7698 Framework and Requirements for GMPLS-Based Control of Flexi-Grid Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Networks Extending GMPLS to control optical networks with flexible frequency allocation. RFC 8557 DetNet Problem Statement Deterministic Networking Problem Statement Why some industries need networks that deliver packets on a guaranteed schedule, and what work that implies for the IETF. RFC 8578 DetNet Use Cases Deterministic Networking Use Cases Nine industries that need network data to arrive on time, every time, and what they ask of the IETF. RFC 9613 MNA requirements Requirements for Solutions that Support MPLS Network Actions (MNAs) The checklist any MPLS 'network action' design has to satisfy before routers can act on extra instructions in a packet. RFC 1093 NSFNET Routing NSFNET routing architecture How the national science network backbone talked to regional networks RFC 3684 TBRPF Topology Dissemination Based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF) A link-state routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks that keeps overhead low by sharing only part of each node's route tree. RFC 5820 OSPF-OR Extensions to OSPF to Support Mobile Ad Hoc Networking OSPF-OR: extending OSPFv3 with smaller Hellos, relay-based flooding and fewer adjacencies so it can run on mobile ad hoc networks. RFC 8059 PIM Join Attributes for Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Environments Two PIM Join/Prune attributes that let LISP receiver sites pick unicast or multicast transport and report their RLOC. RFC 1102 Policy Routing Policy routing in Internet protocols Selecting Internet routes based on administrative policies, not just shortest path. RFC 1582 RIP demand circuits Extensions to RIP to Support Demand Circuits Letting RIP-style routers on dial-up and X.25 links talk only when their routing news changes, with acknowledgements to make sure it arrives. RFC 2776 MZAP Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol (MZAP) A protocol to discover multicast administrative scope zones and detect router misconfigurations. RFC 3077 UDLR A Link-Layer Tunneling Mechanism for Unidirectional Links How receive-only links, such as satellite downlinks, can behave like normal two-way links by sending their return traffic through tunnels over the Internet. RFC 3214 LSP Modification LSP Modification Using CR-LDP How to change the bandwidth, route or priority of a live CR-LDP label switched path without tearing it down. RFC 3814 MPLS FEC-To-NHLFE MIB Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Forwarding Equivalence Class To Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry (FEC-To-NHLFE) Management Information Base (MIB) The SNMP tables that tell an MPLS edge router which packets get which label path. RFC 3815 MPLS LDP MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Four SNMP MIB modules that let operators watch and configure LDP sessions, peers and labels on MPLS routers. RFC 4444 IS-IS MIB Management Information Base for Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) The SNMP MIB module that lets management tools inspect and configure IS-IS routers carrying IP traffic. RFC 4720 PWE3 FCS retention Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Frame Check Sequence Retention Lets a pseudowire carry the original frame checksum end to end, so corruption inside the provider network can be detected. RFC 4783 GMPLS Alarm Information GMPLS - Communication of Alarm Information How GMPLS signaling can carry the full list of current alarms along an LSP, in both directions. RFC 4803 GMPLS LSR MIB Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Label Switching Router (LSR) Management Information Base The management tables for a GMPLS router's interfaces, segments and labels, including labels that do not fit in 32 bits. RFC 4972 TE Mesh Group Discovery Routing Extensions for Discovery of Multiprotocol (MPLS) Label Switch Router (LSR) Traffic Engineering (TE) Mesh Membership How OSPF and IS-IS routers announce which traffic engineering mesh groups they belong to, so tunnel meshes can be set up automatically. RFC 5283 LDP Inter-Area LSPs LDP Extension for Inter-Area Label Switched Paths (LSPs) An optional LDP rule that lets a router use a label when the route is only a longest-prefix match, so MPLS paths can cross IGP areas without leaking addresses. RFC 5287 TDM Pseudowires LDP Control Protocol Extensions for the Setup of Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) Pseudowires in MPLS Networks The LDP extensions that let two routers agree on how to carry a T1, E1 or similar circuit across an MPLS network. RFC 5553 RSVP path key Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Extensions for Path Key Support How RSVP-TE carries a sealed 'path key' in place of a hidden stretch of route when an LSP crosses several domains. RFC 5643 OSPFv3 MIB Management Information Base for OSPFv3 The SNMP objects that let management tools configure and monitor OSPF for IPv6 routers. RFC 5668 4-octet AS community 4-Octet AS Specific BGP Extended Community A BGP extended community that can carry a 4-octet AS number, with two route-target and route-origin types. RFC 5718 An In-Band Data Communication Network For the MPLS Transport Profile How MPLS-TP nodes with no IP links can still carry their own management and signaling messages. RFC 6005 GMPLS Ethernet UNI Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Support for Metro Ethernet Forum and G.8011 User Network Interface (UNI) How a customer's edge node asks a provider network for an Ethernet connection using GMPLS signaling. RFC 6178 LER IPv4 Options Label Edge Router Forwarding of IPv4 Option Packets Ingress label edge routers must decide on MPLS encapsulation without looking at IPv4 header options. RFC 6344 VCAT/LCAS GMPLS Operating Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) and the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) with Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) How GMPLS signaling sets up and resizes virtually concatenated optical and SONET/SDH channel groups, including diversely routed ones. RFC 6396 MRT Multi-Threaded Routing Toolkit (MRT) Routing Information Export Format A standard file format for archiving routing protocol messages and routing table snapshots. RFC 6493 RPKI Ghostbusters The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Ghostbusters Record A signed contact record for RPKI certificate maintainers, humorously named. RFC 6512 mLDP Without Root Route Using Multipoint LDP When the Backbone Has No Route to the Root How multipoint LDP can build trees through a core that has no route to the tree's root, by wrapping the real root inside the opaque value. RFC 6719 MRHOF The Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function A route-selection rule for RPL that picks the cheapest path but only switches parents when the gain is big enough. RFC 6923 MPLS-TP ITU-T IDs MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Identifiers Following ITU-T Conventions Telephone-carrier-style names for MPLS-TP operators, tunnels, paths and OAM entities, as an alternative to IP-style ones. RFC 6956 ForCES LFB Library Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Logical Function Block (LFB) Library The starter kit of standard building blocks for describing a router's packet processing in ForCES. RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Interworking Spells out how provider edge routers pass failure news between Ethernet links and the pseudowires that carry them. RFC 7196 Route Flap Damping Making Route Flap Damping Usable Gentler Route Flap Damping settings that quiet the worst BGP flappers without punishing well-behaved prefixes. RFC 7212 G-ACh Advertisement MPLS Generic Associated Channel (G-ACh) Advertisement Protocol A simple one-way protocol for MPLS devices to tell their peers about their capabilities and settings over the G-ACh. RFC 7263 An Extension to the REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD) Protocol to Support Direct Response Routing Letting RELOAD responses go straight back to the requester instead of retracing the request's path. RFC 7313 Enhanced Route Refresh Enhanced Route Refresh Capability for BGP-4 Begin and end markers that let BGP routers check and repair each other's routing tables without disruption. RFC 7371 Updates to the IPv6 Multicast Addressing Architecture Turns the reserved bits of IPv6 multicast addresses into general flag bits and fixes the older RFCs that assumed otherwise. RFC 7408 Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Model Extension Updates to the ForCES model schema: richer metadata, defaults, finer access control, a new event and LFB properties. RFC 7456 TRILL loss and delay Loss and Delay Measurement in Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) How TRILL switches count lost packets and time delays between each other using small synthetic test messages. RFC 7503 OSPFv3 autoconfig OSPFv3 Autoconfiguration How OSPFv3 routers can configure themselves, pick unique Router IDs and sort out clashes with no human setup. RFC 7580 OSPF-TE Constraints OSPF-TE Extensions for General Network Element Constraints Two new OSPF-TE sub-TLVs let routers advertise switching and label limits in GMPLS networks. RFC 7689 WSON Signaling Signaling Extensions for Wavelength Switched Optical Networks How GMPLS signaling tells optical nodes which processing to apply and which wavelength-picking method to use along a path. RFC 7743 Relayed Echo Reply Relayed Echo Reply Mechanism for Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping Lets a router with no route back to the pinger hand its LSP Ping reply to relay nodes that can deliver it. RFC 7771 S-PE Protection Switching Provider Edge (S-PE) Protection for MPLS and MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Static Multi-Segment Pseudowires How static multi-segment pseudowires survive the failure of a switching router on their path. RFC 7783 TRILL CMT Coordinated Multicast Trees (CMT) for Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) How TRILL edge switches stand in for one virtual RBridge and each claim their own multicast trees, so active-active edges pass the RPF check. RFC 7876 UDP Return Path for Packet Loss and Delay Measurement for MPLS Networks A way for MPLS loss and delay measurement replies to come back over plain UDP/IP to a chosen address and port. RFC 7885 S-BFD for VCCV Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) for Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV) How Seamless BFD can run over a pseudowire's connectivity-check channel, with two new check types. RFC 7887 Hierarchical Join/Prune Hierarchical Join/Prune Attributes Write a PIM Join/Prune attribute once for a whole message or group instead of repeating it for every source. RFC 7896 Update to the Include Route Object (IRO) Specification in the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) PCEP's Include Route Object is now an ordered list, and its L bit marks loose versus strict hops. RFC 7909 RPSL Signatures Securing Routing Policy Specification Language (RPSL) Objects with Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Signatures Signing routing registry objects with RPKI certificates so anyone can check who made them and whether they were altered. RFC 7961 TRILL Interface Addrs Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Interface Addresses APPsub-TLV A compact IS-IS record that says which MAC, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses belong to one interface and which TRILL switch reaches it. RFC 8042 OSPF Two-Part Metric OSPF Two-Part Metric An OSPF extension that splits a shared network's cost into a to-network part and a from-network part. RFC 8104 PW Fast Protection Pseudowire (PW) Endpoint Fast Failure Protection Lets a router just before a failed pseudowire endpoint reroute traffic to a backup in tens of milliseconds. RFC 8115 DHCPv6 Option for IPv4-Embedded Multicast and Unicast IPv6 Prefixes A DHCPv6 option that tells a device which IPv6 prefixes to use when wrapping IPv4 addresses for multicast transition. RFC 8206 BGPsec AS Migration BGPsec Considerations for Autonomous System (AS) Migration How a router can keep BGPsec paths valid while an old AS number is being folded into a new one. RFC 8249 TRILL MTU Negotiation Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): MTU Negotiation Lets TRILL neighbors use the larger packet sizes their shared link can really carry, and tests link MTU with a binary search. RFC 8258 Generalized SCSI Generalized SCSI: A Generic Structure for Interface Switching Capability Descriptor (ISCD) Switching Capability Specific Information (SCSI) A reusable type-length-value layout for the technology-specific part of GMPLS routing advertisements. RFC 8271 GMPLS FRR Updates Updates to the Resource Reservation Protocol for Fast Reroute of Traffic Engineering GMPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs) Makes MPLS fast reroute work for two-way GMPLS paths, so both directions switch to the same detour. RFC 8317 E-Tree in EVPN Ethernet-Tree (E-Tree) Support in Ethernet VPN (EVPN) and Provider Backbone Bridging EVPN (PBB-EVPN) How EVPN lets leaf sites reach root sites but never each other, by tagging MAC addresses and BUM traffic. RFC 8338 P2MP PW with LDP Signaling Root-Initiated Point-to-Multipoint Pseudowire Using LDP How a root provider edge uses LDP to set up one-to-many pseudowires toward leaf provider edges. RFC 8370 RSVP-TE scaling Techniques to Improve the Scalability of RSVP-TE Deployments Two add-ons for RSVP-TE that cut the work a router does to keep thousands of tunnels alive. RFC 8487 Mtrace2 Mtrace Version 2: Traceroute Facility for IP Multicast A traceroute for IP multicast: routers cooperate to report each hop on the path from a receiver back to a source. RFC 8500 IS-IS Reverse Metric IS-IS Routing with Reverse Metric A way for one IS-IS router to tell its neighbor to raise the metric toward it, so traffic drains off a link before maintenance. RFC 8530 YANG Logical NE YANG Model for Logical Network Elements A YANG module for carving one network device into independently managed logical devices, such as logical routers. RFC 8556 MVPN with BIER Multicast VPN Using Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) How a provider carries customer multicast across its backbone with BIER, using BGP routes to advertise it and an MPLS label to sort it. RFC 8564 P2MP BFD for TRILL Support of Point-to-Multipoint Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) in Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) How a TRILL bridge can check, with one multicast probe stream, that its multicast paths to many other bridges still work. RFC 8635 BGPsec router keying Router Keying for BGPsec Two ways to give a BGPsec router its signing keys: let the router make them, or make them for it. RFC 8652 YANG for IGMP and MLD A YANG Data Model for the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) A standard YANG model for configuring and monitoring IGMP and MLD, the protocols hosts use to join multicast groups. RFC 8654 BGP extended messages Extended Message Support for BGP Lets BGP routers exchange messages up to 65,535 octets instead of 4,096, once both sides agree. RFC 8786 PCEP SRP flags rules Updated Rules for Processing Stateful PCE Request Parameters Flags Unassigned flags in the PCEP SRP object must be sent as zero and ignored when received. RFC 8796 RSVP-TE summary FRR RSVP-TE Summary Fast Reroute Extensions for Label Switched Path (LSP) Tunnels Lets MPLS routers reroute thousands of protected tunnels after a failure with one grouped RSVP message instead of one per tunnel. RFC 8979 NSH Subscriber Headers Subscriber and Performance Policy Identifier Context Headers in the Network Service Header (NSH) Two optional NSH context headers that tell service functions who the traffic belongs to and what performance policy applies. RFC 9020 SR YANG YANG Data Model for Segment Routing Standard YANG data models so routers can configure and monitor Segment Routing the same way. RFC 9263 NSH MD2 Context Headers Network Service Header (NSH) Metadata Type 2 Variable-Length Context Headers Seven ready-made context headers that let Service Function Chaining carry forwarding, tenant, flow and policy hints. RFC 9270 GMPLS Shared Mesh GMPLS Signaling Extensions for Shared Mesh Protection RSVP-TE signaling that lets several backup paths share resources and be switched on by a data-plane protocol. RFC 9272 BIER Underlay Paths Underlay Path Calculation Algorithm and Constraints for Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) Rules for how a BIER-specific algorithm and a generic IGP algorithm combine to pick multicast forwarding paths. RFC 9494 BGP LLGR Long-Lived Graceful Restart for BGP A BGP extension that lets routers keep stale routes for much longer after a session fails, as a last resort. RFC 9514 BGP-LS for SRv6 Border Gateway Protocol - Link State (BGP-LS) Extensions for Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) How a network's SRv6 segments, locators and peering SIDs are reported to controllers through BGP Link State. RFC 9545 SR-MPLS Path Segment ID Path Segment Identifier in MPLS-Based Segment Routing Networks A single extra MPLS label that tells the last router on a Segment Routing path which path a packet took. RFC 9546 DetNet MPLS OAM Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) for Deterministic Networking (DetNet) with the MPLS Data Plane Defines the DetNet Associated Channel Header that lets test packets of OAM protocols ride alongside DetNet flows over MPLS. RFC 9587 OSPFv3 Extended LSA YANG YANG Data Model for OSPFv3 Extended Link State Advertisements (LSAs) The YANG model that lets management tools switch on and inspect OSPFv3 Extended LSAs. RFC 9722 EVPN DF Fast Recovery Fast Recovery for EVPN Designated Forwarder Election Lets EVPN routers hand over Designated Forwarder duties at an agreed clock time, so recovery is fast without loops or long drops. RFC 3561 AODV Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing On-demand routing for mobile ad hoc networks: find a route only when you need one. RFC 4127 Russian Dolls Model Russian Dolls Bandwidth Constraints Model for Diffserv-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering Nested bandwidth constraints for quality-of-service traffic engineering RFC 8111 LISP-DDT Locator/ID Separation Protocol Delegated Database Tree (LISP-DDT) A hierarchical database that delegates authority to find endpoint-to-locator mappings. RFC 1774 BGP-4 analysis BGP-4 Protocol Analysis A report showing BGP-4 meets the bar for Draft Standard, with a look at its bandwidth, memory and scaling. RFC 1787 Routing in a Multi-provider Internet An IAB discussion of what happens to Internet routing when many competing providers run the network. RFC 2375 IPv6 Multicast Address Assignments The registry of reserved IPv6 multicast group addresses and their purposes. RFC 2973 IS-IS mesh groups IS-IS Mesh Groups Reducing redundant packet flooding in mesh network topologies RFC 2992 Analysis of an Equal-Cost Multi-Path Algorithm A closer look at hash-threshold, a way for routers to spread flows over equal-cost paths while disturbing few of them when paths change. RFC 3210 Applicability Statement for Extensions to RSVP for LSP-Tunnels When RSVP-TE is the right tool for setting up explicit MPLS paths, how to deploy it, and where it falls short. RFC 3213 Applicability Statement for CR-LDP Where constraint-based LDP (CR-LDP) fits in MPLS traffic engineering, what it needs from LDP, and its limits. RFC 3719 Recommendations for Interoperable Networks using Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Where deployed IS-IS routers behave differently from the ISO 10589 text, and what implementers should do about it. RFC 3918 Multicast Benchmarking Methodology for IP Multicast Benchmarking Testing and measuring how well devices forward one-to-many traffic. RFC 4128 Bandwidth Constraints Models for Differentiated Services (Diffserv)-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering: Performance Evaluation Testing two bandwidth allocation schemes for prioritized network traffic RFC 4139 GMPLS Signaling for ASON Requirements for Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Signaling Usage and Extensions for Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) What GMPLS signaling must do to control automatically switched optical networks: calls, soft connections, restart, crankback and more. RFC 4365 Applicability Statement for BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) When BGP/MPLS IP VPNs are the right tool, and how they handle isolation, addressing, scale and management. RFC 4384 BGP Communities for Data Collection A standard set of BGP community tags so route collectors can learn how providers classify the routes they carry. RFC 4665 L2VPN requirements Service Requirements for Layer 2 Provider-Provisioned Virtual Private Networks A checklist of what customers and providers need from Layer 2 VPN services that look like a private wire or a shared LAN. RFC 5086 CESoPSN Structure-Aware Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network (CESoPSN) Carrying structured phone network signals over packet networks while preserving the time slot structure. RFC 5087 TDMoIP Time Division Multiplexing over IP (TDMoIP) Transporting old-style phone circuits over modern packet networks while preserving timing and structure. RFC 5148 MANET Jitter Jitter Considerations in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) Add a little randomness to when wireless routers send control messages, so neighbours stop talking over each other. RFC 5254 MS-PW requirements Requirements for Multi-Segment Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) What a pseudowire solution must do to stretch one virtual wire across several networks, joined end to end. RFC 5543 BGP TE attribute BGP Traffic Engineering Attribute A new optional BGP attribute that lets VPN routes carry the traffic engineering details of a link. RFC 5623 PCE inter-layer TE Framework for PCE-Based Inter-Layer MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering How Path Computation Elements can plan routes across packet and optical layers, and how new lower-layer links get set up. RFC 5671 PCE for P2MP Applicability of the Path Computation Element (PCE) to Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering (TE) Computing paths for traffic reaching multiple destinations in MPLS networks RFC 5950 MPLS-TP management Network Management Framework for MPLS-based Transport Networks How to organize the tools and processes for managing MPLS transport networks RFC 6375 A Packet Loss and Delay Measurement Profile for MPLS-Based Transport Networks A simplified profile of MPLS loss and delay measurement for MPLS transport networks. RFC 6382 Unique Origin Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) per Node for Globally Anycasted Services Why each node of a globally anycasted service should announce its own origin AS number in BGP. RFC 6383 Advice on When It Is Safe to Start Sending Data on Label Switched Paths Established Using RSVP-TE When to start sending data on a routed path being established RFC 6624 BGP L2VPN Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks Using BGP for Auto-Discovery and Signaling Using BGP to automatically discover and set up private Layer 2 connections between customer sites. RFC 6689 RSVP ASSOCIATION Usage Usage of the RSVP ASSOCIATION Object How backup routes are linked to the paths they protect in optical networks. RFC 6862 KARP Overview Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Overview, Threats, and Requirements Securing how routers talk to each other RFC 7067 Directory Assistance Problem and High-Level Design Proposal Using directories to reduce broadcast flooding in TRILL data centers. RFC 7102 Terms Used in Routing for Low-Power and Lossy Networks Standardized terminology for routing in networks of tiny, power-constrained devices. RFC 7174 TRILL OAM Framework Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Framework A framework for monitoring the health and performance of TRILL networks. RFC 7209 EVPN Requirements Requirements for Ethernet VPN (EVPN) What a better Ethernet VPN has to do that VPLS cannot: all-active multihoming, easier setup and smarter multicast. RFC 7300 Reservation of Last Autonomous System (AS) Numbers Explains why the last AS numbers of the 16-bit and 32-bit ranges are reserved and should not be used. RFC 7382 RPKI CPS Template Template for a Certification Practice Statement (CPS) for the Resource PKI (RPKI) A fill-in-the-blanks Certification Practice Statement for organizations that run a CA in the RPKI. RFC 7431 MoFRR Multicast-Only Fast Reroute Multicast protection using dual paths to handle network failures fast. RFC 7920 Problem Statement for the Interface to the Routing System Why routers need a fast, programmable, standard interface that software can use to read and change routing state. RFC 7922 I2RS Traceability Interface to the Routing System (I2RS) Traceability: Framework and Information Model Recording what clients ask the routing system to do RFC 7938 Data Center BGP Use of BGP for Routing in Large-Scale Data Centers Routing large server farms with BGP instead of traditional switching RFC 8372 MPLS flow identification MPLS Flow Identification Considerations What to weigh before designing a way to tell traffic flows apart inside an MPLS network. RFC 8634 BGPsec key rollover BGPsec Router Certificate Rollover How to swap the keys a BGPsec router signs with, without breaking route verification. RFC 8733 PCEP auto-bandwidth Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for MPLS-TE Label Switched Path (LSP) Auto-Bandwidth Adjustment with Stateful PCE How a router and a path computation server agree on automatically resizing the bandwidth reserved for a traffic-engineered path. RFC 8780 PCEP for WSON RWA The Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Wavelength Switched Optical Network (WSON) Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) How a path computation client asks a PCE for a route and the wavelength to use on each hop of an optical path. RFC 8934 PCEP LSP Scheduling PCE Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Label Switched Path (LSP) Scheduling with Stateful PCE How a central path computation element can book label switched paths for set times and tear them down afterwards. RFC 9059 PCEP Bidirectional LSPs Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Associated Bidirectional Label Switched Paths (LSPs) How a path computation server can tell routers that two one-way MPLS-TE paths belong together as one two-way path. RFC 9168 Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Flow Specification How a path computation server tells a router which traffic belongs on which tunnel, using the protocol it already speaks. RFC 9319 RPKI maxLength The Use of maxLength in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Why RPKI route authorizations should list exactly the prefixes you announce, and why maxLength is usually a bad idea. RFC 9504 Stateful PCEP for GMPLS Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Stateful PCE Usage in GMPLS-Controlled Networks How a stateful path computation server learns about, updates and creates optical-style GMPLS paths over PCEP. RFC 9604 PCEP binding SID Carrying Binding Label/SID in PCE-Based Networks How PCEP carries a binding label or SID, a short alias for a longer traffic-engineered path. RFC 6514 MVPN BGP Encodings BGP Encodings and Procedures for Multicast in MPLS/BGP IP VPNs How BGP carries the routes, tunnel bindings and join messages that make multicast work across MPLS/BGP VPNs. RFC 2385 TCP MD5 Option Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5 Signature Option A signature stamped on every TCP segment so a BGP router can ignore forged packets, especially forged resets. RFC 4223 RFC 1863 to Historic Reclassification of RFC 1863 to Historic A short memo that retires the BGP/IDRP route server idea because nobody ever built or used it. RFC 9522 Internet TE principles Overview and Principles of Internet Traffic Engineering The shared vocabulary and principles for steering traffic through IP networks so they stay fast, reliable and not overloaded. RFC 975 Autonomous confederations Grouping autonomous systems into trusted communities for flexible routing. RFC 1479 IDPR Inter-Domain Policy Routing Protocol Specification: Version 1 Routes between networks according to each network's policies. RFC 2909 MASC The Multicast Address-Set Claim (MASC) Protocol How network domains claim blocks of multicast addresses from their providers without clashing. RFC 3810 MLDv2 Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) for IPv6 How IPv6 routers learn which multicast groups, and which senders, their neighbors want to hear. RFC 1403 BGP and OSPF BGP OSPF Interaction Rules for a border router that speaks BGP to the outside world and OSPF inside its own network. RFC 1949 Multicast Key Dist. Scalable Multicast Key Distribution Secure key distribution for multicast groups using CBT trees RFC 2417 MARS MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for Multicast over UNI 3.0/3.1 based ATM Networks A management database module for watching and configuring IP multicast over ATM through SNMP. RFC 4631 LMP MIB Link Management Protocol (LMP) Management Information Base (MIB) The SNMP management objects for configuring and monitoring the Link Management Protocol on optical and routing gear. RFC 6527 VRRPv3 MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol Version 3 (VRRPv3) The SNMP MIB that lets management tools configure and monitor VRRPv3 routers over IPv4 and IPv6. RFC 6997 P2P-RPL Reactive Discovery of Point-to-Point Routes in Low-Power and Lossy Networks How a router in a low-power wireless network can find a good route to another router on demand, instead of detouring through the DAG root. RFC 7752 BGP-LS North-Bound Distribution of Link-State and Traffic Engineering Information Using BGP How routers hand their network map to outside tools by carrying link-state data inside BGP. RFC 7939 NHDP MIB Definition of Managed Objects for the Neighborhood Discovery Protocol The SNMP MIB module for configuring and monitoring the MANET Neighborhood Discovery Protocol on a router. RFC 8202 IS-IS Multi-Instance IS-IS Multi-Instance Lets one router run several separate IS-IS routing instances over the same links, each with its own topologies. RFC 8706 IS-IS restart signaling Restart Signaling for IS-IS How an IS-IS router tells its neighbors it is restarting, so they keep the adjacency instead of tearing it down and rerouting traffic. RFC 8950 IPv4 NLRI IPv6 NH Advertising IPv4 Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) with an IPv6 Next Hop How BGP can announce IPv4 routes whose next hop is an IPv6 address, so IPv4 can ride over an IPv6 core. RFC 9346 IS-IS Extensions in Support of Inter-Autonomous System (AS) MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering How IS-IS advertises traffic engineering details of links between autonomous systems, now including IPv6-only routers. RFC 9568 VRRPv3 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) Version 3 for IPv4 and IPv6 How backup routers on a LAN agree on who forwards for a shared virtual address, and take over when it fails. RFC 9582 ROA profile A Profile for Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs) The signed permission slip that says which AS may originate routes for an address block, and how it is encoded. RFC 1247 OSPF v2 Original OSPF Version 2 The original OSPF version 2 specification: routers share what links they have, then each one computes its own shortest paths. RFC 1246 OSPF Experience Experience with the OSPF Protocol An operational report on the OSPF routing protocol's performance in real-world deployments. RFC 1586 OSPF over Frame Relay Guidelines for Running OSPF Over Frame Relay Networks Design tips for using OSPF routing efficiently on frame relay networks. RFC 1955 ENCAPS New Scheme for Internet Routing and Addressing (ENCAPS) for IPNG A medium-term routing scheme using IP header encapsulation for autonomous domains RFC 2105 Tag Switching Cisco Systems' Tag Switching Architecture Overview A forwarding architecture that replaces IP lookups with label swapping for higher performance RFC 2386 A Framework for QoS-based Routing in the Internet Route packets based on traffic quality needs, not just finding the shortest path. RFC 2502 Limitations of Internet Protocol Suite for Distributed Simulation the Large Multicast Environment What the internet can't yet do well for large-scale distributed simulation. RFC 2642 Cabletron VLSP Cabletron's VLS Protocol Specification A protocol for switches to coordinate and find the best paths through a network fabric. RFC 3215 LDP State Machine State tables that say exactly how an ATM switch reacts to each LDP message while building label switched paths. RFC 3429 MPLS OAM alert label Assignment of the 'OAM Alert Label' for Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture (MPLS) Operation and Maintenance (OAM) Functions Reserves MPLS label value 14 so that operation and maintenance packets can be told apart from user traffic. RFC 3787 Recommendations for Interoperable IP Networks using Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Where real-world IS-IS routing for IP differs from what RFC 1195 says, written for implementers and operators. RFC 3906 IGP over TE Tunnels Calculating Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Routes Over Traffic Engineering Tunnels How routing protocols can use traffic engineering tunnels as express paths. RFC 4061 OSPF Convergence Bench Benchmarking Basic OSPF Single Router Control Plane Convergence Methods for measuring how fast a single OSPF router adapts to network changes. RFC 4062 OSPF Bench Terms OSPF Benchmarking Terminology and Concepts Terminology and concepts for consistent OSPF performance testing. RFC 4098 BGP Convergence Terms Terminology for Benchmarking BGP Device Convergence in the Control Plane Standard terminology for measuring how quickly routers update their routing tables. RFC 4176 L3VPN management Framework for Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks (L3VPN) Operations and Management What operators need to know about managing Layer 3 virtual private networks. RFC 4812 OSPF Restart Signaling OSPF Restart Signaling A vendor-specific Hello bit that tells OSPF neighbors a router is restarting, so they keep their adjacencies. RFC 5309 P2P over LAN Point-to-Point Operation over LAN in Link State Routing Protocols How to tell OSPF or IS-IS to treat a LAN link between two routers as a plain point-to-point link. RFC 5317 MPLS-TP JWT Report Joint Working Team (JWT) Report on MPLS Architectural Considerations for a Transport Profile How the IETF and ITU-T agreed to build MPLS for transport networks RFC 5398 Autonomous System (AS) Number Reservation for Documentation Use Sets aside fake network numbers to prevent confusion in examples RFC 5493 GMPLS PC/SPC conversion Requirements for the Conversion between Permanent Connections and Switched Connections in a Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Network Converting connections between operator control and automatic control without disrupting traffic. RFC 5695 MPLS Forwarding Benchmarking Methodology for IP Flows Standard tests for measuring MPLS router forwarding performance. RFC 5720 RANGER Routing and Addressing in Networks with Global Enterprise Recursion (RANGER) An architecture for scaling routing and addressing by nesting networks inside networks, all the way up to the global Internet. RFC 5757 Multicast Mobility in Mobile IP Version 6 (MIPv6): Problem Statement and Brief Survey Challenges of moving mobile devices while receiving or sending multicast streams. RFC 5817 MPLS-TE Shutdown Graceful Shutdown in MPLS and Generalized MPLS Traffic Engineering Networks Notifying networks when traffic-engineered links need maintenance without disrupting traffic. RFC 5824 Requirements for Supporting Customer Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) and RSVP Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) over a BGP/MPLS IP-VPN Enabling end-to-end quality of service and traffic engineering across provider-shared networks. RFC 5828 GMPLS Ethernet Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Ethernet Label Switching Architecture and Framework Framework for applying GMPLS routing and control to Ethernet networks used as transport networks. RFC 5862 PCE P2MP Requirements Path Computation Clients (PCC) - Path Computation Element (PCE) Requirements for Point-to-Multipoint MPLS-TE What a path computation protocol must add so a PCE can plan one-to-many MPLS traffic-engineered paths. RFC 6115 Recommendation for a Routing Architecture A survey of proposed solutions to Internet routing scalability problems. RFC 6136 L2VPN OAM Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2VPN) Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Requirements and Framework How to maintain, monitor, and troubleshoot Layer 2 virtual private networks. RFC 6138 LDP IGP Sync Broadcast LDP IGP Synchronization for Broadcast Networks How a router can bring up a shared LAN link without black-holing traffic while LDP catches up. RFC 6279 PMIPv6 localized routing Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) Localized Routing Problem Statement Routing data directly between access gateways instead of through a distant anchor. RFC 6324 Routing Loop Attack Using IPv6 Automatic Tunnels: Problem Statement and Proposed Mitigations A routing loop vulnerability in IPv6-in-IPv4 automatic tunnels and how to stop it. RFC 6373 MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Control Plane Framework Framework for automatic provisioning of MPLS Transport Profile paths RFC 6457 Inter-layer PCE PCC-PCE Communication and PCE Discovery Requirements for Inter-Layer Traffic Engineering How to plan routes across multiple network layers efficiently. RFC 6606 6LoWPAN Routing Needs Problem Statement and Requirements for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Routing What a routing protocol for tiny, battery-powered 802.15.4 devices has to cope with, written down before anyone designs one. RFC 6835 LISP lig The Locator/ID Separation Protocol Internet Groper (LIG) A diagnostic tool for querying the LISP mapping database. RFC 7080 Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Interoperability with Provider Backbone Bridges How Provider Backbone Bridging can be combined with H-VPLS to scale MAC addresses and service instances. RFC 7132 BGP path threats Threat Model for BGP Path Security Who might attack BGP paths and the RPKI behind them, and what protections cannot stop. RFC 7152 E-Tree L2VPN Requirements for Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) Ethernet-Tree (E-Tree) Support in Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2VPN) Requirements for tree-shaped ethernet networks in virtual private networks. RFC 7185 OLSRv2 link metrics Link Metrics for the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Routing Protocol OLSRv2 - Rationale Why OLSRv2 routes by link quality instead of hop count, and the design choices behind its metrics. RFC 7325 MPLS Forwarding Compliance and Performance Requirements How to build and test MPLS routers that handle modern forwarding requirements. RFC 7338 P2MP PW Requirements and Framework for Point-to-Multipoint Pseudowires over MPLS Packet Switched Networks Extending pseudowires to send one stream to many receivers efficiently. RFC 7387 E-Tree over MPLS A Framework for Ethernet Tree (E-Tree) Service over a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Network How an MPLS network can offer a root-and-leaf Ethernet service where branch sites reach the hub but not each other. RFC 7399 Unanswered Questions in the Path Computation Element Architecture Open questions about how networks can plan paths together RFC 7439 Gap Analysis for Operating IPv6-Only MPLS Networks Identifying what's missing for MPLS to work in IPv6-only networks RFC 7449 PCEP for WSON Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Requirements for Wavelength Switched Optical Network (WSON) Routing and Wavelength Assignment What PCEP has to be able to say so a path computation server can pick both a route and a wavelength. RFC 7645 The Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocol (KARP) IS-IS Security Analysis Evaluating IS-IS security against KARP design guidelines RFC 7908 Problem Definition and Classification of BGP Route Leaks When routing announcements escape their intended boundaries RFC 7948 IXP Route Server Ops Internet Exchange BGP Route Server Operations Operational guidance for running and using BGP route servers at Internet Exchange Points. RFC 8211 RPKI Adverse Actions Adverse Actions by a Certification Authority (CA) or Repository Manager in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Understanding how mistakes and attacks can harm internet number resource holders. RFC 8243 Multilevel TRILL Alternatives for Multilevel Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) How to divide TRILL networks into hierarchical levels for better scalability. RFC 8413 Scheduled resources Framework for Scheduled Use of Resources A framework for booking network tunnel capacity ahead of time, so a future path is guaranteed without wasting resources today. RFC 8596 NSH over MPLS MPLS Transport Encapsulation for the Service Function Chaining (SFC) Network Service Header (NSH) Transporting Service Function Chaining packets through MPLS networks using a label. RFC 9016 DetNet Info Model Flow and Service Information Model for Deterministic Networking (DetNet) A common vocabulary for describing deterministic network flows and the guarantees they require. RFC 9087 SR Centralized BGP EPE Segment Routing Centralized BGP Egress Peer Engineering Using Segment Routing to give a central controller the ability to steer traffic out of a network through specific exit points and peers. RFC 9299 LISP Architecture An Architectural Introduction to the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) A guided tour of LISP, which splits who a host is from where it is attached, so the Internet core can route on locators alone. RFC 9602 SRv6 SID addressing Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) Segment Identifiers in the IPv6 Addressing Architecture A dedicated IPv6 prefix block for SRv6 Segment Identifiers RFC 1771 BGP-4 Original A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) How separate networks tell each other which destinations they can reach, in the first classless version of BGP. RFC 1519 CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) Handing out IP addresses in flexible, power-of-two blocks so routing tables stop growing out of control. RFC 995 ES-IS End System to Intermediate System Routing Exchange Protocol for use in conjunction with ISO 8473 How end systems and routers discover each other in OSI networks. RFC 1126 Inter-AS Routing Goals Goals and functional requirements for inter-autonomous system routing The wish list for a routing protocol between autonomous systems, written before the protocol itself was designed. RFC 2091 Triggered RIP Triggered Extensions to RIP to Support Demand Circuits RIP that speaks only when something changes, so dial-up and other on-demand links can hang up between calls. RFC 2189 CBT v2 Core Based Trees (CBT version 2) Multicast Routing -- Protocol Specification -- Shared-tree multicast routing with one core router per group. RFC 2201 CBT Multicast Core Based Trees (CBT) Multicast Routing Architecture Shared-tree multicast routing architecture with O(G) scaling. RFC 2769 Routing Policy System Replication How routing registries can copy each other's data and hand off parts of it, while every change is still checked for authorization. RFC 3033 Q.2941 GIT and UUS for IP The Assignment of the Information Field and Protocol Identifier in the Q.2941 Generic Identifier and Q.2957 User-to-user Signaling for the Internet Protocol Code points that let ATM signaling carry IP session identifiers and RSVP messages. RFC 3070 Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) over Frame Relay How to carry L2TP-tunneled PPP sessions directly over Frame Relay virtual circuits instead of IP and UDP. RFC 3590 MLD Source Address Source Address Selection for the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Protocol Lets IPv6 nodes send MLD Reports from the unspecified address while they are still checking their own link-local address. RFC 3883 OSPF DC Neighbors Detecting Inactive Neighbors over OSPF Demand Circuits (DC) How OSPF routers can check that a neighbor across a demand circuit is still running OSPF, without keeping the link busy. RFC 4286 MRD Multicast Router Discovery A standard way for switches that snoop on multicast traffic to find which neighbors are multicast routers. RFC 4382 MPLS L3VPN MIB MPLS/BGP Layer 3 Virtual Private Network (VPN) Management Information Base The SNMP management objects for configuring and monitoring BGP/MPLS Layer 3 VPNs on a router. RFC 4561 RRO Node-Id Definition of a Record Route Object (RRO) Node-Id Sub-Object A new flag on Record Route entries lets a router find where a backup tunnel rejoins the protected path, even across areas and ASes. RFC 4625 FC routing MIB Fibre Channel Routing Information MIB A MIB that lets network managers view and configure the routing table of a Fibre Channel switch. RFC 4667 L2TP L2VPN extensions Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2VPN) Extensions for Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) How L2TP sets up pseudowires between provider edge devices so different kinds of Layer 2 VPNs can share one signaling method. RFC 4781 BGP/MPLS Graceful Restart Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP with MPLS How a router restarting its BGP can keep MPLS labels stable so traffic keeps flowing. RFC 4801 GMPLS TC MIB Definitions of Textual Conventions for Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Management Shared MIB building blocks for describing labels and LSP direction in GMPLS management modules. RFC 4817 MPLS over L2TPv3 Encapsulation of MPLS over Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 How to carry MPLS label stacks inside L2TPv3 so MPLS applications can run over a plain IP network. RFC 4950 ICMP MPLS Extensions ICMP Extensions for Multiprotocol Label Switching How a router can tell you, inside an ICMP error, which MPLS labels your packet carried when it arrived. RFC 5396 Textual Representation of Autonomous System (AS) Numbers Use decimal notation for all Autonomous System numbers. RFC 5712 MPLS Soft Preemption MPLS Traffic Engineering Soft Preemption How MPLS traffic engineering can warn a path that it is being bumped, so traffic moves over without being dropped. RFC 5813 ForCES MIB Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) MIB A read-only SNMP MIB that lets managers see which ForCES control and forwarding elements are associated and how busy they are. RFC 5814 Label Switched Path (LSP) Dynamic Provisioning Performance Metrics in Generalized MPLS Networks Standard ways to measure how fast, and how reliably, a GMPLS network sets up and tears down label switched paths. RFC 6016 Support for the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) in Layer 3 VPNs How RSVP reservations can cross a BGP/MPLS VPN so the links between customer and provider routers get admission control. RFC 6034 Unicast-Prefix-Based IPv4 Multicast Addresses Give each organization IPv4 multicast addresses derived from its unicast prefix, with no allocation protocol. RFC 6226 PIM RP mapping PIM Group-to-Rendezvous-Point Mapping A fixed ten-step tie-breaking rule so every multicast router picks the same Rendezvous Point for a group. RFC 6286 BGP Unique ID Autonomous-System-Wide Unique BGP Identifier for BGP-4 BGP Identifiers become any non-zero 4-octet integer, unique only within an AS. RFC 6361 TRILL PPP PPP Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Protocol Control Protocol Three PPP protocol numbers and a small control protocol let TRILL switches link up over point-to-point lines. RFC 6397 MRT geo-location Multi-Threaded Routing Toolkit (MRT) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Routing Information Export Format with Geo-Location Extensions An optional MRT record type that adds latitude and longitude for a BGP collector and its peers. RFC 6420 PIM MT-ID Join Attribute PIM Multi-Topology ID (MT-ID) Join Attribute A PIM Join attribute that names which routing topology to use when building a multicast tree. RFC 6450 Multicast Ping Multicast Ping Protocol A ping for multicast: check that you can really receive a group's traffic, and learn how the path behaves. RFC 6511 Non-PHP for RSVP-TE Non-Penultimate Hop Popping Behavior and Out-of-Band Mapping for RSVP-TE Label Switched Paths Two new RSVP-TE flags let an egress router keep its MPLS label and wait for the traffic's meaning to arrive by another route. RFC 6667 LDP Typed Wildcard PW LDP 'Typed Wildcard' Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) for PWid and Generalized PWid FEC Elements A compact LDP element that lets one message cover all pseudowire label bindings of a given type. RFC 6825 TED MIB Traffic Engineering Database Management Information Base in Support of MPLS-TE/GMPLS A standard SNMP window onto the link topology database that MPLS-TE and GMPLS routers build from OSPF and IS-IS. RFC 6860 Hiding Transit-Only Networks in OSPF How OSPF routers stop advertising the router-to-router links that only they need, so the prefixes never reach routing tables. RFC 7024 Virtual Hub-and-Spoke Virtual Hub-and-Spoke in BGP/MPLS VPNs How a BGP/MPLS VPN provider can keep a full copy of a VPN's routes on only a few routers. RFC 7026 Retiring TLVs from the Associated Channel Header of the MPLS Generic Associated Channel MPLS drops the never-used TLV option from the Associated Channel Header and deletes its IANA registry. RFC 7060 mLDP over Targeted LDP Using LDP Multipoint Extensions on Targeted LDP Sessions How multipoint MPLS label paths can run between routers that are not next-door neighbors. RFC 7148 PMIPv6 Prefix Delegation Prefix Delegation Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6 How a Proxy Mobile IPv6 network hands a mobile router whole address prefixes and keeps them working as the router moves. RFC 7173 TRILL over Pseudowires Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Transport Using Pseudowires How to make two TRILL switch ports behave as if a single cable joined them, by running a PPP pseudowire across an MPLS or IP network. RFC 7187 OLSRv2 MPR Routing Multipoint Relay Optimization for the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2 (OLSRv2) An optional trim of OLSRv2's routing relay set that can shrink messages without breaking interoperability. RFC 7256 ANCP Multicast Multicast Control Extensions for the Access Node Control Protocol (ANCP) How a broadband network access server and an access node cooperate to replicate, admit and meter multicast video. RFC 7264 RELOAD RPR An Extension to the REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD) Protocol to Support Relay Peer Routing Lets a RELOAD response take a shortcut through a relay peer instead of retracing the whole request path. RFC 7318 Policy Qualifiers in Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Certificates RPKI resource certificates may carry exactly one policy qualifier, a pointer to a Certification Practice Statement. RFC 7330 BFD MIB TCs Definitions of Textual Conventions (TCs) for Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Management Shared data-type definitions so every BFD management module describes intervals, ports and states the same way. RFC 7331 BFD MIB Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Management Information Base The SNMP MIB for configuring and monitoring Bidirectional Forwarding Detection sessions on a device. RFC 7361 H-VPLS MAC Flush LDP Extensions for Optimized MAC Address Withdrawal in a Hierarchical Virtual Private LAN Service (H-VPLS) A targeted MAC flush for hierarchical VPLS, so a failover clears only the addresses that went stale. RFC 7420 PCEP MIB Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Management Information Base (MIB) Module The SNMP objects that let operators watch PCEP sessions between path computation clients and elements. RFC 7506 IPv6 Router Alert Option for MPLS Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Allocates IPv6 Router Alert value 69 so MPLS ping and traceroute messages can be flagged for routers on IPv6. RFC 7555 MPLS Proxy Ping Proxy MPLS Echo Request How one router can ask another router on an MPLS path to run a ping test on its behalf. RFC 7571 GMPLS Lock and Loopback GMPLS RSVP-TE Extensions for Lock Instruct and Loopback RSVP-TE signaling to lock a GMPLS label switched path and loop traffic back at a chosen node for testing. RFC 7676 IPv6 GRE IPv6 Support for Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) The rules for running GRE tunnels when IPv6 is the payload, the delivery network, or both. RFC 7688 WSON OSPF Compatibility GMPLS OSPF Enhancement for Signal and Network Element Compatibility for Wavelength Switched Optical Networks How OSPF tells optical path computation which signals each piece of equipment can handle. RFC 7697 MPLS-TP OAM ID MIB MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Identifiers Management Information Base (MIB) An SNMP MIB module for configuring the OAM identifiers that let MPLS and MPLS-TP paths be monitored. RFC 7716 Global Table Multicast Global Table Multicast with BGP Multicast VPN (BGP-MVPN) Procedures Reusing the BGP machinery built for multicast VPNs to carry ordinary, non-VPN multicast across a backbone. RFC 7737 LSP Ping Reply Mode 5 Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping and Traceroute Reply Mode Simplification A simpler way to tell an LSP Ping responder how to reply, plus a ranked list of fallback return paths. RFC 7775 IS-IS Route Preference IS-IS Route Preference for Extended IP and IPv6 Reachability A clear ranking of IS-IS routes learned from IPv4 and IPv6 extended reachability, and a fix for how the up/down bit is treated in Level 2. RFC 7782 TRILL Multiple MACs Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Active-Active Edge Using Multiple MAC Attachments How TRILL edge switches share one group of hosts, and how remote switches learn to keep every attachment point instead of flip-flopping. RFC 7792 RSVP-TE for Flexi-Grid RSVP-TE Signaling Extensions in Support of Flexi-Grid Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Networks How RSVP-TE asks for optical channels of variable width in flexible-grid DWDM networks. RFC 7796 VPLS E-Tree Ethernet-Tree (E-Tree) Support in Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) How VPLS can carry Ethernet-Tree services, where leaves reach roots but never each other, using two VLANs. RFC 7883 Advertising Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) Discriminators in IS-IS A new IS-IS sub-TLV lets routers announce the S-BFD discriminators they have reserved. RFC 7884 S-BFD in OSPF OSPF Extensions to Advertise Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) Target Discriminators How OSPF routers tell each other which S-BFD discriminators reach which targets. RFC 7886 S-BFD in L2TPv3 Advertising Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) Discriminators in the Layer Two Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3) A new L2TPv3 AVP lets tunnel endpoints advertise the S-BFD discriminators they will answer to. RFC 7891 Explicit RPF Vector Explicit Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) Vector Lets a PIM Join spell out the exact hop-by-hop path instead of trusting unicast routing. RFC 7949 OSPFv3 over IPv4 OSPFv3 over IPv4 for IPv6 Transition Carry OSPFv3 packets inside plain IPv4, so a network can start its move to IPv6 routing before every device speaks IPv6. RFC 7968 TRILL Data Label Trees Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Using Data Labels for Tree Selection for Multi-Destination Data Letting TRILL assign each VLAN or label to particular distribution trees so forwarding tables stay small. RFC 8012 Entropy Label LSP Ping Label Switched Path (LSP) and Pseudowire (PW) Ping/Trace over MPLS Networks Using Entropy Labels (ELs) Extending MPLS ping and traceroute so they can still exercise every load-balanced path when entropy labels are in use. RFC 8097 Origin Validation Community BGP Prefix Origin Validation State Extended Community A BGP tag that passes a route's origin validation result between routers inside one network. RFC 8102 Remote-LFA NP Remote-LFA Node Protection and Manageability How a router can tell whether its remote backup route survives the loss of a whole neighbouring router, not just one link. RFC 8183 RPKI Setup Protocol An Out-of-Band Setup Protocol for Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Production Services A small set of XML messages that lets two RPKI parties swap identities and keys before they start talking. RFC 8223 Application-Aware tLDP Application-Aware Targeted LDP A way for a router to say which targeted LDP applications a session is for, so the other side can accept or refuse it. RFC 8227 MPLS-TP MSRP MPLS-TP Shared-Ring Protection (MSRP) Mechanism for Ring Topology How a ring of MPLS-TP nodes shares protection tunnels and uses the RPS protocol to steer traffic around a failure. RFC 8234 MPLS-TP APS Updates Updates to MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Linear Protection in Automatic Protection Switching (APS) Mode Fixes how an MPLS-TP protection switch starts up, so both ends agree on which path to use after a reboot. RFC 8245 RFC 5444 Design Rules Rules for Designing Protocols Using the Generalized Packet/Message Format from RFC 5444 Mandatory rules and advice for designing protocols that use the MANET packet and message format. RFC 8282 PCEP Inter-Layer Extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) for Inter-Layer MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering New PCEP objects and metrics that let a path computation request span several network layers. RFC 8326 Graceful shutdown Graceful BGP Session Shutdown A well-known BGP community that tells neighbors to move traffic away before a planned session shutdown. RFC 8330 OSPF-TE availability OSPF Traffic Engineering (OSPF-TE) Link Availability Extension for Links with Variable Discrete Bandwidth How OSPF-TE routers advertise how much bandwidth a variable-rate link can guarantee at each availability level. RFC 8333 Micro-loop prevention Micro-loop Prevention by Introducing a Local Convergence Delay Make the router next to a failed link wait a moment, so its neighbors update first and packets do not circle. RFC 8360 RPKI validation Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Validation Reconsidered A gentler way to validate RPKI certificates: when a certificate claims too much, keep what is valid instead of rejecting it all. RFC 8377 TRILL multi-topology Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Multi-Topology How a TRILL campus can carve one physical network into several separately routed topologies. RFC 8390 RSVP-TE exclude route RSVP-TE Path Diversity Using Exclude Route Asking RSVP-TE to route a new LSP away from an existing one, even when you cannot see the existing path. RFC 8393 NSH next protocol none Operating the Network Service Header (NSH) with Next Protocol "None" A new Next Protocol value lets a service-chain packet carry only metadata and no user data. RFC 8395 BGP PW flow labels Extensions to BGP-Signaled Pseudowires to Support Flow-Aware Transport Labels Two bits in a BGP attribute let pseudowire endpoints agree on adding a flow label for load balancing. RFC 8397 TRILL unique nicknames Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Multilevel Using Unique Nicknames How a big TRILL campus is split into areas while every switch keeps one globally unique nickname. RFC 8400 LSP egress protection Extensions to RSVP-TE for Label Switched Path (LSP) Egress Protection How an MPLS traffic-engineered path can survive the failure of its last router by switching to a backup egress. RFC 8416 SLURM Simplified Local Internet Number Resource Management with the RPKI (SLURM) A small JSON file that lets a network operator filter and add to the RPKI data its own routers see. RFC 8431 RIB YANG A YANG Data Model for the Routing Information Base (RIB) A standard YANG schema for adding, removing and watching routes and next hops in a router's RIB. RFC 8502 L2L3 VPN Multicast MIB Two MIB modules that describe the provider tunnels used to carry multicast in BGP/MPLS Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPNs. RFC 8510 OSPF Link-Local Signaling (LLS) Extensions for Local Interface ID Advertisement A new OSPF Hello and Database Description field that lets neighbors tell each other their interface numbers. RFC 8518 Selection of Loop-Free Alternates for Multi-Homed Prefixes Explicit inequalities for picking backup next hops when a prefix is announced by more than one router. RFC 8614 VPLS Control Flags Updated Processing of Control Flags for BGP Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) How BGP VPLS routers should behave when they disagree about control words and sequence numbers. RFC 8642 Well-known communities Policy Behavior for Well-Known BGP Communities Routers disagree about what a 'set community' command does to well-known BGP communities; this RFC documents the mess and freezes it. RFC 8663 SR-MPLS over IP MPLS Segment Routing over IP How SR-MPLS routers can cross IP-only routers by wrapping labeled packets in UDP tunnels. RFC 8687 OSPF cross-AF TE tunnels OSPF Routing with Cross-Address Family Traffic Engineering Tunnels Lets OSPF find the right tail-end router for traffic engineering tunnels built from the other address family's OSPF data. RFC 8741 PCE LSP delegation Ability for a Stateful Path Computation Element (PCE) to Request and Obtain Control of a Label Switched Path (LSP) A single new flag lets a stateful PCE ask a router to hand over control of a path it configured locally. RFC 8775 PIM DR load balancing PIM Designated Router Load Balancing How several routers on one LAN can share the multicast forwarding work that PIM normally gives to a single Designated Router. RFC 8810 BGP capability codes Revision to Capability Codes Registration Procedures BGP Capability Codes 128-255 stop being Private Use and become First Come First Served, Experimental and Reserved. RFC 8893 RPKI BGP export Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Origin Validation for BGP Export Check route origins on the routes a BGP router sends out, using the origin AS that will actually be announced. RFC 8960 MPLS YANG A YANG Data Model for MPLS Base A standard YANG model that lets management tools configure and read the MPLS forwarding function of a router. RFC 9009 RPL DCO Efficient Route Invalidation A downstream cleanup message that lets a router, not the moving node, erase stale RPL routes. RFC 9026 MVPN Fast Failover Multicast VPN Fast Upstream Failover Letting multicast VPN receivers notice a dead upstream tunnel and switch to a standby source router quickly. RFC 9035 RPL DODAG 6LoRH A Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) Destination-Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) Configuration Option for the 6LoWPAN Routing Header A single flag in RPL's configuration message that tells a low-power network when it is safe to switch on compressed routing headers. RFC 9047 EVPN ARP/ND Flags Propagation of ARP/ND Flags in an Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) A small BGP tag that lets EVPN edge routers answer ARP and IPv6 Neighbor Discovery requests with the right flags. RFC 9067 YANG Routing Policy A YANG Data Model for Routing Policy A vendor-neutral YANG model for the rules routers use to accept, reject and tweak routes. RFC 9079 Babel Source-Specific Source-Specific Routing in the Babel Routing Protocol How Babel routers can pick a path using the packet's source address as well as its destination. RFC 9080 Homenet Babel Profile Homenet Profile of the Babel Routing Protocol Which parts of Babel a home network router must implement, and how HNCP tells Babel what to announce. RFC 9084 OSPF Prefix Originator OSPF Prefix Originator Extensions Two optional OSPF sub-TLVs that say which router originally announced a prefix, even after it crosses areas. RFC 9214 OSPFv3 Code Point for MPLS LSP Ping Gives OSPFv3 its own protocol value in MPLS LSP Ping and pins the old OSPF value to OSPFv2. RFC 9234 BGP Roles Route Leak Prevention and Detection Using Roles in UPDATE and OPEN Messages Neighbors agree on their business roles when a BGP session opens, and routes are tagged so leaks can be stopped and spotted. RFC 9255 RPKI Not Identity The 'I' in RPKI Does Not Stand for Identity Why RPKI certificates prove who may speak for addresses and AS numbers, never who a company really is. RFC 9279 IGMPv3/MLDv2 TLVs Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3) and Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) Message Extension A generic list of type-length-value extensions for IGMPv3 and MLDv2 multicast membership messages. RFC 9294 BGP-LS App Attributes Application-Specific Link Attributes Advertisement Using the Border Gateway Protocol - Link State (BGP-LS) How BGP-LS tells a controller which link attributes apply to which applications, such as RSVP-TE or Segment Routing. RFC 9324 RPKI without Refresh Policy Based on the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) without Route Refresh BGP routers doing RPKI checks should keep the routes they drop instead of asking neighbors to resend everything. RFC 9356 OSPF L2 Bundle Members Advertising Layer 2 Bundle Member Link Attributes in OSPF How OSPF can tell outside systems about the individual physical links inside a Layer 2 bundle, without changing how routes are computed. RFC 9437 LISP PubSub Publish/Subscribe Functionality for the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Lets LISP routers subscribe to mapping changes so the Map-Server tells them, instead of them polling. RFC 9452 NSH IOAM encapsulation Network Service Header (NSH) Encapsulation for In Situ OAM (IOAM) Data Where in a Network Service Header packet the in situ OAM telemetry data goes. RFC 9467 Babel MAC counter Relaxed Packet Counter Verification for Babel MAC Authentication Two ways to stop Babel's replay protection from dropping good packets that merely arrive out of order. RFC 9487 SRv6 IPFIX Export of Segment Routing over IPv6 Information in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Eleven new IPFIX fields that let flow exporters report what Segment Routing over IPv6 traffic is doing. RFC 9488 PCEP local protection Local Protection Enforcement in the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) A new E flag lets a PCEP request say whether path protection is a must or only a preference. RFC 9521 BFD for Geneve Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation (Geneve) How two Geneve tunnel endpoints use BFD to notice quickly when the path between them stops working. RFC 9541 PBB-EVPN C-MAC flush Flush Mechanism for Customer MAC Addresses Based on Service Instance Identifier (I-SID) in Provider Backbone Bridging EVPN (PBB-EVPN) Lets PBB-EVPN routers tell each other to forget learned customer MAC addresses for one service instance on one backbone MAC. RFC 9574 EVPN optimized IR Optimized Ingress Replication Solution for Ethernet VPNs (EVPNs) Two tricks that let EVPN overlay networks flood broadcast and multicast traffic efficiently without running PIM in the core. RFC 9589 RPKI signing-time On the Use of the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Signing-Time Attribute in Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Signed Objects How RPKI files can carry their signing time as their modification time, so switching from RRDP to rsync does not re-download everything. RFC 9624 EVPN BUM over BIER EVPN Broadcast, Unknown Unicast, or Multicast (BUM) Using Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) How Ethernet VPNs can carry broadcast, unknown-unicast and multicast traffic over a BIER network core. RFC 9625 EVPN OISM EVPN Optimized Inter-Subnet Multicast (OISM) Forwarding Routing IP multicast between the subnets of one EVPN tenant without hairpinning, while keeping same-subnet multicast bridged. RFC 9658 mLDP Multi-Topology Multipoint LDP Extensions for Multi-Topology Routing How multicast label-switched paths learn to follow a particular topology and IGP algorithm. RFC 9674 RRDP Same-Origin Policy Same-Origin Policy for the RPKI Repository Delta Protocol (RRDP) RRDP servers and clients must keep snapshot and delta fetches on the same origin as the update notification file. RFC 9697 RRDP Desynchronization Detecting RPKI Repository Delta Protocol (RRDP) Session Desynchronization How RPKI validators can notice that an RRDP server quietly changed a delta it already published, and what to do about it. RFC 9703 EPE SID Ping/Traceroute Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping/Traceroute for Segment Routing (SR) Egress Peer Engineering (EPE) Segment Identifiers (SIDs) with MPLS Data Plane New MPLS ping and traceroute sub-TLVs that let operators check that Egress Peer Engineering labels really forward where the control plane says. RFC 9705 RSVP-TE FRR Facility Refresh-Interval Independent RSVP Fast Reroute Facility Protection Extra teardown rules so RSVP-TE fast reroute can clean up stale state without relying on short refresh timers. RFC 9714 MPLS Alternate Marking Encapsulation for MPLS Performance Measurement with the Alternate-Marking Method A three-word MPLS label stack entry that tags packets with a flow ID and a color so routers can count loss and time delay. RFC 9747 Unaffiliated BFD Echo Unaffiliated Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Echo Use BFD Echo on its own: one side runs BFD and the other just loops packets back. RFC 9752 PCEP vendor info Conveying Vendor-Specific Information in the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Stateful PCE Lets stateful PCEP messages carry vendor-specific data, the same way RFC 7470 already did for stateless PCEP. RFC 9753 PCEP optional objects Extension for Stateful PCE to Allow Optional Processing of Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Objects Lets stateful PCEP peers mark objects as optional, so a constraint can be relaxed instead of failing the whole request. RFC 9784 EVPN virtual ES Virtual Ethernet Segments for EVPN and Provider Backbone Bridge EVPN Lets a single VLAN, pseudowire or LSP get the same multihoming protection that EVPN gives to whole physical links. RFC 9792 OSPF prefix flags Prefix Flag Extension for OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 A stretchable flags field so OSPF can keep describing new prefix properties after the old 8-bit fields ran out. RFC 9815 BGP-LS SPF BGP Link State (BGP-LS) Shortest Path First (SPF) Routing How BGP can act like a link-state protocol, so every router builds a full map and runs Dijkstra's shortest path first algorithm. RFC 9819 SRv6 BGP arguments Argument Signaling for BGP Services in Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) Clarifies how BGP advertises SRv6 segment IDs that carry an argument, and how the receiver rebuilds them. RFC 9829 RPKI CRL number handling Handling of Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Number Extensions In the RPKI, validators must ignore CRL Number values and rely on the CRL named in the issuer's current manifest. RFC 9854 AODV-RPL AODV-RPL: The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) Based on Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing On-demand route discovery between two ordinary nodes in low-power wireless networks, even when links are better in one direction. RFC 9857 SR Policy in BGP-LS Advertisement of Segment Routing Policies Using BGP - Link State How a router reports the state of its Segment Routing policies to controllers and path computation tools using BGP-LS. RFC 9866 RNFD Root Node Failure Detector (RNFD): Fast Detection of Border Router Crashes in the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) How nodes in a low-power RPL network team up to notice quickly that their border router has crashed. RFC 9884 LSP ping for SR PSID Label Switched Path Ping for Segment Routing Path Segment Identifier with MPLS Data Plane Six new LSP Ping sub-TLVs let an operator check that a Path Segment Identifier is set up correctly at the end of a Segment Routing path. RFC 9885 Multi-part TLVs in IS-IS Multi-Part TLVs in IS-IS How IS-IS routers spread information that does not fit in a 255-octet TLV across several TLVs, and how receivers must put it back together. RFC 9902 YANG for IS-IS SR-MPLS A YANG Data Model for IS-IS Segment Routing over the MPLS Data Plane A standard YANG data model for configuring and monitoring IS-IS Segment Routing over MPLS. RFC 9903 YANG for OSPF SR-MPLS A YANG Data Model for OSPF Segment Routing over the MPLS Data Plane A standard YANG data model for configuring and monitoring OSPF Segment Routing over MPLS. RFC 9929 IGP unreachable prefix IGP Unreachable Prefix Announcement A way for routers to announce that one prefix inside a summary route has become unreachable. RFC 9961 SR P2MP policy ping MPLS Segment Routing Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) Policy Ping How to ping and traceroute a Segment Routing multicast tree to find where it breaks. RFC 9972 BMP statistics types Advanced BGP Monitoring Protocol (BMP) Statistics Types New BMP counters that let a router report how many routes sit in, or were filtered from, its BGP route tables. RFC 9983 OSPFv2 anycast flag OSPFv2 Anycast Property Advertisement A new OSPFv2 flag tells routers that a prefix is anycast, advertised by more than one node. RFC 9992 RIFT KV TIEs Routing in Fat Trees (RIFT) Key/Value Topology Information Elements Structure and Processing How RIFT routers label and structure the free-form key/value data they flood through a fat-tree fabric. RFC 10005 BGP link bandwidth BGP Link Bandwidth Extended Community A BGP extended community that tells routers how much bandwidth is behind a path, so traffic can be shared in proportion. RFC 10038 SRv6 locator via DHCPv6 Distributing the Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) Locator Using DHCPv6 Lets a DHCPv6 server hand out SRv6 Locators to edge devices, the same way it hands out delegated prefixes. RFC 10039 EVPN-IPVPN interwork Interconnecting EVPN and IPVPN Domains How EVPN and IPVPN networks of the same tenant exchange routes, plus a Domain Path attribute that stops loops. RFC 3784 IS-IS TE Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Extensions for Traffic Engineering (TE) New IS-IS building blocks that carry wider metrics, link bandwidth and a router ID for traffic engineering. RFC 3036 LDP LDP Specification How MPLS routers tell their neighbors what each label means, so traffic can be switched along normal routed paths. RFC 6830 LISP The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) An experiment that splits who a device is from where it is, using tunnels and a mapping lookup. RFC 6439 Appointed forwarders Routing Bridges (RBridges): Appointed Forwarders How TRILL picks which RBridge handles native traffic for each VLAN on a shared link, and the timers that keep it loop-safe. RFC 1765 OSPF overflow OSPF Database Overflow How OSPF routers cap the number of external routes they store, so a bloated database cannot quietly break routing. RFC 2934 PIM MIB Protocol Independent Multicast MIB for IPv4 The SNMP objects a router exposes so operators can see and configure IPv4 Protocol Independent Multicast. RFC 7028 Multicast Mobility Routing Optimizations for Proxy Mobile IPv6 Optimizing multicast delivery when mobile nodes move between network gateways. RFC 7215 LISP Deployment Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) Network Element Deployment Considerations A snapshot of where to put LISP's new network boxes, and how to move an Internet presence from BGP to LISP. RFC 7722 OLSRv2 Multi-Topology Multi-Topology Extension for the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2 (OLSRv2) How OLSRv2 wireless mesh routers can keep one routing table per link metric while staying compatible with plain OLSRv2. RFC 7897 PCEP Domain Subobjects Domain Subobjects for the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) New route-object elements that let path computation name whole domains, such as IGP areas and autonomous systems, to cross or avoid. RFC 8459 hSFC Hierarchical Service Function Chaining (hSFC) Hierarchical decomposition of large networks using service function chaining. RFC 9667 Dynamic Flooding Dynamic Flooding on Dense Graphs Optimize link-state flooding in dense network topologies to improve convergence time. RFC 9831 SR Policy seg types Segment Type Extensions for BGP Segment Routing (SR) Policy Adds the remaining Segment Types (C to K) to BGP's SR Policy SAFI for both SR-MPLS and SRv6. RFC 1723 RIPv2 RIP Version 2 - Carrying Additional Information RIP gets subnet masks, next hops, route tags, multicast and a simple password, without breaking older routers. RFC 6308 Overview of the Internet Multicast Addressing Architecture A map of how IP multicast addresses are allocated to networks and assigned to applications. RFC 7142 Reclassification of RFC 1142 to Historic Retires RFC 1142, a draft-proposal copy of IS-IS, so people cite the real ISO/IEC 10589 standard instead. RFC 3107 BGP Labels Carrying Label Information in BGP-4 How BGP routers hand out MPLS labels in the same update message that announces the route. RFC 2370 OSPF Opaque LSA The OSPF Opaque LSA Option A general-purpose container that lets OSPF routers flood extra, application-specific data through the network. RFC 1583 OSPF OSPF Version 2 How routers inside one network share link maps, each compute their own shortest paths, and recover quickly from failures. RFC 6424 LSP ping over tunnels Mechanism for Performing Label Switched Path Ping (LSP Ping) over MPLS Tunnels How LSP ping and traceroute follow a path through MPLS tunnels and stitched label switched paths. RFC 6482 ROA profile A Profile for Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs) The signed object that lets an address holder say which AS may announce its prefixes. RFC 2858 MP-BGP Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4 How BGP-4 learned to carry routes for IPv6 and other network protocols without breaking old routers. RFC 823 DARPA Internet gateway Design and operations of Internet routers in the early DARPA Internet. RFC 1370 OSPF Applicability Applicability Statement for OSPF Vendor requirements to ensure OSPF routers can interoperate across different manufacturers. RFC 1745 BGP4/IDRP-OSPF BGP4/IDRP for IP---OSPF Interaction Rules for a border router that speaks BGP4 or IDRP to other networks and OSPF inside its own. RFC 1749 802.5 SSR MIB IEEE 802.5 Station Source Routing MIB using SMIv2 SNMP objects for reading and managing the Token Ring source routes an end station has learned. RFC 6037 Cisco Systems' Solution for Multicast in BGP/MPLS IP VPNs Cisco's method for sending multicast through BGP/MPLS IP VPNs. RFC 6126 Babel The Babel Routing Protocol A distance-vector routing protocol that stays loop-free while networks, wired or wireless, keep changing. RFC 5575 BGP Flowspec Dissemination of Flow Specification Rules Using BGP to spread fine-grained traffic filtering rules, mainly to fight denial-of-service attacks. RFC 1265 BGP Analysis BGP Protocol Analysis How the BGP routing protocol scales as the Internet grows RFC 1322 A Unified Approach to Inter-Domain Routing A proposal to combine hop-by-hop path-vector routing with on-demand source routing for large internets. RFC 1371 Choosing a Common IGP for the IP Internet The IESG's recommendation that all IP routers should support OSPF as their common interior gateway protocol. RFC 1458 Requirements for Multicast Protocols Design for reliable group communication over networks RFC 1581 Protocol Analysis for Extensions to RIP to Support Demand Circuits Using RIP on dial-up networks without constant polling RFC 1585 MOSPF MOSPF: Analysis and Experience Analysis of the multicast routing protocol against IETF standardization criteria. RFC 1753 Nimrod IPng requirements IPng Technical Requirements Of the Nimrod Routing and Addressing Architecture What the Nimrod routing architecture needs from the next-generation Internet Protocol. RFC 2098 Toshiba CSR Toshiba's Router Architecture Extensions for ATM : Overview A router architecture that combines IP forwarding with ATM cell switching for high-throughput, low-latency networking. RFC 2191 VENUS VENUS - Very Extensive Non-Unicast Service Why extending multicast across multiple networks is vastly more complex than unicast. RFC 2329 OSPFv2 Report OSPF Standardization Report A report showing how OSPF version 2 routing protocol met all requirements to become a Full Internet Standard. RFC 2432 Terminology for IP Multicast Benchmarking Standard metrics for measuring how well network devices handle one-to-many traffic. RFC 2490 A Simulation Model for IP Multicast with RSVP A computer model for testing multicast and quality-of-service protocols. RFC 2588 IP Multicast and Firewalls Controlling multicast traffic flow across network security boundaries RFC 2682 Performance Issues in VC-Merge Capable ATM LSRs How VC merging affects buffer memory in ATM routers RFC 2843 Proxy-PAR Proxy-PAR A simple way for IP routers to register services and discover peers through ATM networks. RFC 3277 Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Transient Blackhole Avoidance Avoiding packet loss when routing protocols converge after a network transient. RFC 3294 GSMP General Switch Management Protocol (GSMP) Applicability Protocol for controlling switches and managing label-based forwarding in MPLS networks. RFC 3358 Optional IS-IS checksums Optional Checksums in Intermediate System to Intermediate System (ISIS) Adding integrity checks to IS-IS routing protocol packets. RFC 3496 ATM class-aware MPLS TE Protocol Extension for Support of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Service Class-aware Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering An RSVP-TE extension for signaling ATM service class requirements in label-switched paths. RFC 3509 Alternative Implementations of OSPF Area Border Routers Two vendor behaviors that keep an OSPF router with no backbone link from dropping transit traffic. RFC 3549 Netlink Linux Netlink as an IP Services Protocol How Linux kernel and user programs exchange messages about networking. RFC 3791 Survey of IPv4 Addresses in Currently Deployed IETF Routing Area Standards Track and Experimental Documents Comprehensive survey of IPv4 dependencies in routing protocols like BGP, OSPF, and RIP. RFC 4041 Morality Sections Requirements for Morality Sections in Routing Area Drafts A joke proposal to require morality sections in routing drafts RFC 4054 Optical Constraints Impairments and Other Constraints on Optical Layer Routing How optical impairments constrain routing in all-optical networks RFC 4063 OSPF Benchmark Notes Considerations When Using Basic OSPF Convergence Benchmarks When OSPF convergence benchmarks work well and when they mislead. RFC 4136 OSPF Refresh and Flooding Reduction in Stable Topologies Lets OSPF routers stop re-flooding unchanged LSAs every 30 minutes by using DoNotAge LSAs more widely. RFC 4221 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Management Overview The map of MIB modules for monitoring and managing MPLS networks. RFC 4247 Requirements for Header Compression over MPLS Making voice over IP more efficient when using MPLS networks. RFC 4264 BGP wedgies BGP Wedgies When routing policies trap the internet in stable but unintended states. RFC 4378 MPLS OAM Framework A Framework for Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Operations and Management (OAM) Framework for diagnosing and managing faults in label-switching networks. RFC 4381 Analysis of the Security of BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) Security analysis of label-based private networks for service providers. RFC 4394 A Transport Network View of the Link Management Protocol (LMP) How GMPLS link management maps to optical network discovery RFC 4608 SSM in 232/8 Source-Specific Protocol Independent Multicast in 232/8 Operational rules that keep the 232/8 multicast range strictly source-specific, with no shared trees and no RPs. RFC 4611 MSDP deployment Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) Deployment Scenarios How to wire up MSDP peerings between and inside PIM domains so Source Active messages pass the peer-RPF check. RFC 4652 ASON routing evaluation Evaluation of Existing Routing Protocols against Automatic Switched Optical Network (ASON) Routing Requirements A checklist of how well OSPF and IS-IS can carry the routing needs of ITU-T optical networks, and what they would need added. RFC 4687 P2MP MPLS OAM reqs Operations and Management (OAM) Requirements for Point-to-Multipoint MPLS Networks Specifications for detecting and diagnosing problems in multipoint MPLS networks. RFC 4829 LSP Preemption Policies Label Switched Path (LSP) Preemption Policies for MPLS Traffic Engineering Choosing which network paths to bump when a VIP path needs the space. RFC 4927 Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCECP) Specific Requirements for Inter-Area MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering How path computation elements help route traffic across multiple network areas RFC 4990 GMPLS Addresses Use of Addresses in Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Networks Address usage rules for GMPLS network routers RFC 5135 IP Multicast Requirements for a Network Address Translator (NAT) and a Network Address Port Translator (NAPT) The rules a home or small-office router needs to follow so IP multicast keeps working through address translation. RFC 5145 MPLS-TE to GMPLS Framework for MPLS-TE to GMPLS Migration A framework for upgrading network control planes from MPLS-TE to GMPLS. RFC 5146 MPLS-TE over GMPLS Interworking Requirements to Support Operation of MPLS-TE over GMPLS Networks Operating traffic-engineered networks as clients of generalized networks. RFC 5253 Applicability Statement for Layer 1 Virtual Private Network (L1VPN) Basic Mode How GMPLS can support Layer 1 Virtual Private Networks RFC 5298 Analysis of Inter-Domain Label Switched Path (LSP) Recovery How to set up backup paths that don't share links or nodes across MPLS networks spanning multiple domains. RFC 5339 Evaluation of Existing GMPLS Protocols against Multi-Layer and Multi-Region Networks (MLN/MRN) Assessing GMPLS protocols for layered multi-region networks. RFC 5439 MPLS-TE Scaling An Analysis of Scaling Issues in MPLS-TE Core Networks Strategies for supporting thousands of label-switched paths in core networks RFC 5501 VPLS multicast reqs Requirements for Multicast Support in Virtual Private LAN Services Guidelines for efficient multicast delivery across virtual private networks. RFC 6041 ForCES Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Applicability Statement Defining where the ForCES protocol for separating control and forwarding in routers is appropriate and useful. RFC 6198 BGP graceful shutdown Requirements for the Graceful Shutdown of BGP Sessions How routers can shut down BGP connections for maintenance without losing customer traffic. RFC 6215 MPLS-TP UNI and NNI MPLS Transport Profile User-to-Network and Network-to-Network Interfaces Redrawn reference models that show exactly where the customer-facing and network-facing interfaces sit in an MPLS-TP network. RFC 6227 Scalable routing goals Design Goals for Scalable Internet Routing A prioritized list of challenges the Internet routing architecture must address. RFC 6246 VPLS and CE bridges Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Interoperability with Customer Edge (CE) Bridges How to deliver Ethernet service to customer bridges over VPLS networks. RFC 6456 MS-PWs in PON Multi-Segment Pseudowires in Passive Optical Networks Using MPLS pseudowires over passive optical networks for mobile backhaul RFC 6517 Mandatory MVPN Features Mandatory Features in a Layer 3 Multicast BGP/MPLS VPN Solution Which multicast VPN mechanisms every BGP/MPLS implementation should support, so that vendors can interoperate. RFC 6566 WSON with Impairments A Framework for the Control of Wavelength Switched Optical Networks (WSONs) with Impairments Optical signals degrade over distance; this framework shows how networks account for it when planning paths. RFC 6669 An Overview of the Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Toolset for MPLS-Based Transport Networks A guide to the toolset for monitoring and managing MPLS-based transport networks. RFC 6670 The Reasons for Selecting a Single Solution for MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Why MPLS-TP standardized a single OAM solution instead of supporting multiple competing approaches. RFC 6774 Diverse BGP paths Distribution of Diverse BGP Paths Distributing backup routes without protocol changes RFC 6974 Applicability of MPLS Transport Profile for Ring Topologies Protecting traffic in ring-shaped networks using existing MPLS tools. RFC 6981 A Framework for IP and MPLS Fast Reroute Using Not-Via Addresses How a router can repair around a failure by tunnelling packets to an address that is reachable only 'not via' the broken part. RFC 6984 ForCES Interop Interoperability Report for Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Three independent ForCES implementations swap roles in a February 2011 test and report what worked, what failed and what they learned. RFC 7025 Requirements for GMPLS Applications of PCE What the Path Computation Element framework must add to serve GMPLS networks such as WDM, TDM and Ethernet. RFC 7063 Survey Report on Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) Implementations and Deployments A survey of who implements and runs PIM-SM, gathered to support moving it to Internet Standard. RFC 7226 Requirements for Advanced Multipath in MPLS Networks Requirements for splitting MPLS traffic across parallel links RFC 7353 Security Requirements for BGP Path Validation What a secure BGP protocol must do to prevent route hijacking RFC 7412 Requirements for MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Shared Mesh Protection What any data-plane mechanism must do so several MPLS-TP backup paths can safely share the same resources. RFC 7419 BFD common intervals Common Interval Support in Bidirectional Forwarding Detection A small set of BFD timer intervals every implementation should support, so two peers can always agree on one. RFC 7511 Scenic Routing for IPv6 A humorous IPv6 proposal to route packets through scenic wireless paths. RFC 7588 GRE Fragmentation Fix A Widely Deployed Solution to the Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Fragmentation Problem How vendors solve the problem when tunneled packets are too large RFC 7823 Performance-Based TE Paths Performance-Based Path Selection for Explicitly Routed Label Switched Paths (LSPs) Using TE Metric Extensions How a path computation function can use advertised latency, jitter and loss data to pick better explicitly routed MPLS tunnels. RFC 7882 Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) Use Cases Use cases for simplified failure detection that starts immediately without negotiation. RFC 7985 SMF Threats Security Threats to Simplified Multicast Forwarding (SMF) How an attacker can fool multicast forwarding in wireless mesh networks by abusing duplicate detection and relay selection. RFC 7999 BLACKHOLE Community BLACKHOLE Community A standard BGP community to signal that traffic to an IP prefix should be discarded. RFC 8241 I2RS Security Interface to the Routing System (I2RS) Security-Related Requirements Security requirements for the Interface to the Routing System protocol. RFC 8242 I2RS Ephemeral State Interface to the Routing System (I2RS) Ephemeral State Requirements Requirements for temporary routing system configuration that vanishes on restart RFC 8293 NVO3 Multicast Framework A Framework for Multicast in Network Virtualization over Layer 3 How to handle group messages in virtual networks RFC 8327 BGP session culling Mitigating the Negative Impact of Maintenance through BGP Session Culling Hang up BGP sessions on purpose before maintenance, so traffic moves away while the network is still working. RFC 8354 IPv6 SPRING use cases Use Cases for IPv6 Source Packet Routing in Networking (SPRING) Practical applications of source routing in IPv6 networks. RFC 8394 Split-NVE requirements Split Network Virtualization Edge (Split-NVE) Control-Plane Requirements What a hypervisor and its external network device must tell each other when virtual machines come, go and move. RFC 8430 RIB Information Model Standard data structure for the routing lookup table routers use to forward packets RFC 8432 A Framework for Management and Control of Microwave and Millimeter Wave Interface Parameters Framework for unified management of microwave radio links with YANG RFC 8488 RIPE NCC's Implementation of Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Certificate Tree Validation How one RPKI validator walks the certificate tree from the trust anchor down, and what it does with messy repositories. RFC 8637 PCE for ACTN Applicability of the Path Computation Element (PCE) to the Abstraction and Control of TE Networks (ACTN) How path computation elements support abstraction and control of traffic-engineered networks RFC 8670 SR in data centers BGP Prefix Segment in Large-Scale Data Centers Using Segment Routing to improve traffic flow in large data centers. RFC 8735 PCE in native IP (CCDR) Scenarios and Simulation Results of PCE in a Native IP Network Using a central path-computation controller to optimize routing in native IP networks RFC 8751 Hierarchical PCE Hierarchical Stateful Path Computation Element (PCE) Parent and child route planners working together to find paths across multiple network domains. RFC 8821 PCE-based TE in IP PCE-Based Traffic Engineering (TE) in Native IP Networks Using a central controller to steer traffic along optimal paths in IP networks RFC 8971 BFD for VXLAN Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) Using fast liveness detection to quickly discover broken tunnel paths in VXLAN overlay networks. RFC 9023 DetNet IP over TSN Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: IP over IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Running guaranteed IP traffic over specialized local networks RFC 9037 DetNet MPLS over TSN Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: MPLS over IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) How to run time-critical MPLS networks over reliable switching hardware. RFC 9046 Babel Information Model Babel Information Model A standard structure for reporting and configuring Babel routers. RFC 9450 RAW use cases Reliable and Available Wireless (RAW) Use Cases Wireless networks that deliver reliability like wired systems, for applications that cannot use cables RFC 9455 Single-prefix ROAs Avoiding Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs) Containing Multiple IP Prefixes Why each RPKI route authorization should cover one IP prefix, so one problem does not take down the rest. RFC 9550 DetNet POF Deterministic Networking (DetNet): Packet Ordering Function Restoring packet order in deterministic networks RFC 9551 DetNet OAM framework Framework of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) for Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Requirements for monitoring and maintaining deterministic networks RFC 9638 NVO3 encapsulation Network Virtualization over Layer 3 (NVO3) Encapsulation Considerations How the IETF chose a common way to wrap packets for virtual networks. RFC 9696 RIFT Applicability Routing in Fat Trees (RIFT) Applicability and Operational Considerations How to apply RIFT, a protocol designed for data center fabrics RFC 9791 MNA use cases Use Cases for MPLS Network Action Indicators and Ancillary Data Why MPLS networks want a way to mark packets with actions and carry extra data alongside them. RFC 9816 BGP-LS SPF deployment Usage and Applicability of BGP Link State (BGP-LS) Shortest Path First (SPF) Routing in Data Centers Deploying BGP link-state routing in data center Clos networks. RFC 9912 RAW architecture Reliable and Available Wireless (RAW) Architecture How to deliver packets reliably over networks that mix wired and wireless links. RFC 10053 CATS framework A Framework for Computing-Aware Traffic Steering (CATS) Directing traffic based on network state and computing resource load RFC 10054 CATS problem statement Computing-Aware Traffic Steering (CATS) Problem Statement, Use Cases, and Requirements Why networks need to steer traffic based on computing resources, not just connectivity. RFC 1009 Gateway Requirements Requirements for Internet gateways The 1987 checklist of what an IP router, then called a gateway, had to do to belong on the Internet. RFC 2740 OSPFv3 OSPF for IPv6 How OSPF was adapted to route IPv6: same core machinery, with addresses moved out of the packets and into new LSAs. RFC 6327 TRILL Adjacency Routing Bridges (RBridges): Adjacency How TRILL switches say hello on a shared LAN, agree who is neighbor, and elect one Designated RBridge per link. RFC 7780 TRILL Updates Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Clarifications, Corrections, and Updates A bundle of fixes, clarifications and small extensions for the TRILL base protocol, five years after it appeared. RFC 1264 Internet Engineering Task Force Internet Routing Protocol Standardization Criteria The checklist a new routing protocol had to pass to become a Proposed, Draft or full Internet Standard. RFC 1654 BGP-4 A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) The protocol that lets different autonomous systems exchange routing information across the Internet. RFC 1490 Frame Relay Multiprotocol Interconnect over Frame Relay How routers and bridges wrap IP, OSI and LAN traffic in Frame Relay frames, and how to split big packets to fit. RFC 3392 BGP capabilities Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4 How two BGP routers tell each other which optional features they support, without breaking the session. RFC 7274 Allocating and Retiring Special-Purpose MPLS Labels Rules for handing out and retiring the 16 special MPLS labels, plus a way to get more of them. RFC 2362 PIM-SM Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification A protocol for efficiently routing multicast traffic across wide-area networks using explicit group membership. RFC 2796 BGP route reflection BGP Route Reflection - An Alternative to Full Mesh IBGP Reducing the BGP configuration burden by having one router relay routes to others. RFC 4971 IS-IS Router Capability Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Extensions for Advertising Router Information Routers announce what they can do so neighbors know their capabilities. RFC 6486 RPKI manifests Manifests for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Signed file inventory to detect missing, altered, or stale objects in RPKI repositories. RFC 3065 BGP Confederations Autonomous System Confederations for BGP How autonomous systems can be grouped without requiring every router to connect to every other. RFC 5306 IS-IS Restart Restart Signaling for IS-IS How an IS-IS router can reboot its control plane without its neighbors tearing down their adjacencies. RFC 8736 PIM type space extension PIM Message Type Space Extension and Reserved Bits Gives the spare bits in every PIM message header a job, and uses some of them to stretch the message type space. RFC 1966 BGP Route Reflection BGP Route Reflection An alternative to full mesh IBGP A technique to reduce the complexity of internal BGP network topology. RFC 1388 RIPv2 RIP Version 2 Carrying Additional Information An extension to RIP that lets each route carry additional information like subnet masks and autonomous system numbers. RFC 6485 RPKI algorithms The Profile for Algorithms and Key Sizes for Use in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Cryptographic algorithms and key sizes for RPKI RFC 1338 Supernetting Supernetting: an Address Assignment and Aggregation Strategy Organizing network addresses to reduce routing table growth. RFC 2365 Admin-Scoped Multicast Administratively Scoped IP Multicast Reserving 239.0.0.0/8 for multicast groups that stay inside administrative boundaries, instead of relying on TTL tricks. RFC 1131 OSPF (v1) OSPF specification The first version of OSPF: a link-state routing protocol where every router maps the network and computes its own shortest paths. RFC 1294 Frame Relay Multiprotocol Interconnect over Frame Relay How routers and bridges wrap IP and other protocols in Frame Relay frames so they can share the same virtual circuits. RFC 1467 CIDR status Status of CIDR Deployment in the Internet A mid-1993 progress report on getting CIDR and BGP-4 into Internet routers before the routing tables grew too large. RFC 2009 GPS-Based Addressing GPS-Based Addressing and Routing Routing IP packets based on geographic location instead of IP addresses RFC 2283 BGP-4 Multiprotocol Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4 Routing protocol extensions for multiple address families. RFC 2676 QoS Routing for OSPF QoS Routing Mechanisms and OSPF Extensions Making routers choose paths based on quality, not just distance. RFC 2844 OSPF over ATM OSPF over ATM and Proxy-PAR Running OSPF routing over ATM networks using virtual circuits and auto-discovery RFC 3063 MPLS Loop Prevention Mechanism A thread-based way for MPLS routers to confirm a path has no loop before handing out labels. RFC 5449 OSPFv3 MANET MPR OSPF Multipoint Relay (MPR) Extension for Ad Hoc Networks An OSPFv3 interface type for mobile ad hoc networks that uses multipoint relays to cut control traffic. RFC 6028 Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Multi-Hop Routing Extension Two new HIP extensions for routing packets through multiple hops RFC 6559 Reliable PIM Transport A Reliable Transport Mechanism for PIM Using TCP and SCTP to reliably deliver PIM Join/Prune messages. RFC 6837 NERD NERD: A Not-so-novel Endpoint ID (EID) to Routing Locator (RLOC) Database A database that delivers LISP mappings from endpoint addresses to network locations. RFC 6998 A Mechanism to Measure the Routing Metrics along a Point-to-Point Route in a Low-Power and Lossy Network Measuring route quality along a path in low-power networks. RFC 7019 Application-Layer Multicast Extensions to REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD) Using peer-to-peer overlays to distribute data to groups without network multicast. RFC 7038 OSPF-MDR Use of OSPF-MDR in Single-Hop Broadcast Networks How to run OSPF-MDR on a network where every router can hear every other, with recommended settings and simpler algorithms. RFC 7137 OSPF-MANET Broadcast Use of the OSPF-MANET Interface in Single-Hop Broadcast Networks How to run the OSPF-MANET interface on a network where every node reaches every other directly, and how to detect that situation. RFC 7334 PCE P2MP inter-domain PCE-Based Computation Procedure to Compute Shortest Constrained Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) Inter-Domain Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths Computing multicast trees across multiple network domains. RFC 7411 Multicast Listener Extensions for Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) Fast Handovers Lets multicast streams such as IPTV follow a mobile node through fast handovers in Mobile IPv6 and Proxy Mobile IPv6. RFC 7859 Identity-Based Signatures for Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Routing Protocols A way for wireless ad hoc networks to sign routing messages with identity-based signatures. RFC 7898 Domain Subobjects for Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) New subobjects for RSVP-TE to explicitly include or exclude autonomous systems and IGP domains in paths. RFC 8061 Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Data-Plane Confidentiality Encrypting LISP-encapsulated traffic, with keys negotiated inside the existing Map-Request and Map-Reply exchange. RFC 8099 OSPF TTZ OSPF Topology-Transparent Zone Hide the internal structure of a group of routers from the rest of the network. RFC 8218 OLSRv2 Multipath Multipath Extension for the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2 (OLSRv2) Multiple disjoint paths for reliable routing in mobile ad hoc networks. RFC 9306 LISP Vendor LCAF Vendor-Specific LISP Canonical Address Format (LCAF) A private slot in LISP's address format where vendors can encode addresses their own way. RFC 9666 IS-IS Area Proxy Area Proxy for IS-IS Let a region hide its internal topology to reduce Level 2 route table overhead. RFC 9798 PIM attributes for LISP PIM Join/Prune Attributes for Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Environments Using Underlay Multicast Lets a PIM Join carry a multicast receiver address so LISP sites can share trees built on underlay multicast. RFC 9947 Alternate-Marking in SRH Application of the Alternate-Marking Method to the Segment Routing Header An experimental way to carry packet-loss and delay markings inside the Segment Routing Header instead of IPv6 option headers. RFC 10040 LISP geo-coordinates Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Geo-Coordinates A new LISP address format for putting latitude, longitude and an optional radius into mapping records. RFC 1248 OSPF MIB OSPF Version 2 Management Information Base A standardized way to monitor and manage OSPF routers using SNMP. RFC 1253 OSPF MIB OSPF Version 2 Management Information Base The SNMP object definitions that let a network manager monitor and configure an OSPF Version 2 router. RFC 3768 VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) Multiple routers share one virtual address and automatically failover when the master fails. RFC 4446 PWE3 IANA allocations IANA Allocations for Pseudowire Edge to Edge Emulation (PWE3) Assigns identifier numbers for pseudowire protocols to prevent conflicts. RFC 4420 RSVP-TE LSP Attributes Encoding of Attributes for Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Switched Path (LSP) Establishment Using Resource ReserVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensible attribute encoding for MPLS label-switched paths RFC 6326 TRILL IS-IS Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Use of IS-IS How TRILL switches discover each other and route transparently across networks. RFC 2547 BGP/MPLS VPN BGP/MPLS VPNs How a service provider can run many customers' private IP networks over one shared backbone, using BGP for routes and MPLS for forwarding. RFC 6472 No AS_SET in BGP Recommendation for Not Using AS_SET and AS_CONFED_SET in BGP Stop using unordered path segments in BGP route aggregation RFC 4970 OSPF Router Capabilities Extensions to OSPF for Advertising Optional Router Capabilities Router Information LSA for advertising OSPF router capabilities. RFC 5512 BGP Encapsulation SAFI The BGP Encapsulation Subsequent Address Family Identifier (SAFI) and the BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Let routers agree on how to wrap packets for tunneling. RFC 6833 LISP Map-Server Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Map-Server Interface A simplified interface for looking up where network addresses are located RFC 3567 IS-IS Auth Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Cryptographic Authentication How IS-IS routers can sign their routing messages with HMAC-MD5 so that forged ones are rejected. RFC 9756 PCEP registry procedures Update to the IANA Path Communication Element Protocol (PCEP) Numbers Registration Procedures and the Allowance of Experimental Error Codes Makes it easier to assign new PCEP values and sets aside four error types for experiments. RFC 1657 BGP-4 MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for the Fourth Version of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP-4) using SMIv2 SNMP management objects for BGP-4 routers. RFC 2338 VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol Automatic failover when routers share a virtual IP address. RFC 2842 BGP capabilities Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4 A BGP OPEN option that lets peers announce optional features without dropping the session. RFC 3946 GMPLS SONET/SDH Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Extensions for Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Control Technology-specific rules for setting up SONET and SDH network paths using GMPLS signaling. RFC 4893 BGP 4-byte AS BGP Support for Four-Octet Autonomous System (AS) Number Space Expanding BGP to use 32-bit Autonomous System numbers instead of 16-bit. RFC 7385 IANA Registry for P-Multicast Service Interface (PMSI) Tunnel Type Code Points Register and allocate code points for BGP multicast tunnel types RFC 8208 BGPsec Algorithms BGPsec Algorithms, Key Formats, and Signature Formats The cryptographic algorithms and key formats used to sign and verify BGP route announcements. RFC 1268 BGP-3 Application Application of the Border Gateway Protocol in the Internet How the Border Gateway Protocol is deployed and used across the Internet. RFC 1850 OSPF MIB OSPF Version 2 Management Information Base Management objects for monitoring and controlling OSPF version 2 routing protocol routers. RFC 7153 IANA Registries for BGP Extended Communities How IANA's BGP Extended Communities code point registries were reorganized so each one stands alone. RFC 2966 Two-level IS-IS Domain-wide Prefix Distribution with Two-Level IS-IS Routing information sharing across network hierarchy layers. RFC 988 IP multicast hosts Host extensions for IP multicasting How IP hosts join and send to groups using the same message. RFC 3307 IPv6 multicast rules Allocation Guidelines for IPv6 Multicast Addresses Rules for choosing the low 32 bits of an IPv6 multicast address so different groups do not collide. RFC 890 EGP schedule Exterior Gateway Protocol implementation schedule Official policy requiring all Internet gateways to implement the Exterior Gateway Protocol by August 1, 1984 RFC 981 Experimental multiple-path routing algorithm Computing alternate routes for amateur packet radio using passive monitoring RFC 1074 NSFNET backbone SPF based Interior Gateway Protocol How the NSFNET backbone routed traffic using a shortest-path algorithm. RFC 1478 IDPR architecture An Architecture for Inter-Domain Policy Routing Let networks choose routes according to their own policies instead of just following the shortest path. RFC 1517 CIDR Applicability Statement for the Implementation of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) An applicability statement for Classless Inter-Domain Routing to slow growth of routing tables and conserve IP address space. RFC 1747 SDLC MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for SNA Data Link Control (SDLC) using SMIv2 SNMP management of IBM's SNA data link control connections RFC 2456 Definitions of Managed Objects for APPN TRAPS SNMP notifications that let APPN and DLUR devices announce status changes instead of waiting to be polled. RFC 2457 Definitions of Managed Objects for Extended Border Node SNMP objects for watching how Extended Border Nodes split APPN networks into subnets and route sessions between them. RFC 2584 APPN/HPR MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for APPN/HPR in IP Networks SNMP objects for counting and prioritizing APPN traffic that HPR devices carry over IP as UDP packets. RFC 2907 MADCAP scope nesting MADCAP Multicast Scope Nesting State Option A MADCAP option that tells clients which multicast scopes sit inside which, so they can widen a search one scope at a time. RFC 3145 L2TP Disconnect L2TP Disconnect Cause Information A new L2TP attribute that tells a peer why a PPP session ended, for logging and debugging. RFC 3301 L2TP over ATM Layer Two Tunnelling Protocol (L2TP): ATM access network extensions Extra L2TP messages and fields so PPP sessions arriving over ATM circuits can be tunnelled to a network server. RFC 3308 L2TP diffserv extension Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Differentiated Services Extension How two L2TP peers agree on the forwarding treatment for a tunnel's control messages and for each session inside it. RFC 3355 L2TP over AAL5 Layer Two Tunnelling Protocol (L2TP) Over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) How to run L2TP tunnels over an ATM virtual circuit using AAL5, including the two encapsulations and SVC signalling. RFC 3437 L2TP PPP LCP extensions Layer-Two Tunneling Protocol Extensions for PPP Link Control Protocol Negotiation New L2TP messages let the tunnel ends agree on PPP link settings that depend on physical media only one end can see. RFC 3480 CR-LDP unnumbered links Signalling Unnumbered Links in CR-LDP (Constraint-Routing Label Distribution Protocol) How CR-LDP signalling can name and use MPLS traffic engineering links that have no IP address. RFC 3872 TRIP MIB Management Information Base for Telephony Routing over IP (TRIP) The SNMP objects for monitoring and configuring Telephony Routing over IP location servers. RFC 4368 MPLS ATM/FR MIB Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label-Controlled Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Frame-Relay Management Interface Definition Two SNMP MIB modules for managing MPLS interfaces that run over ATM or Frame Relay links. RFC 4863 Wildcard Pseudowire Type A codepoint that lets one pseudowire endpoint decide the protocol type for both directions. RFC 4901 HC over MPLS Protocol Extensions for Header Compression over MPLS How to carry header-compressed packets across an MPLS network without decompressing at every router. RFC 4951 L2TP Failover Fail Over Extensions for Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) "failover" How an L2TP tunnel can be picked back up after one end crashes, instead of being torn down and rebuilt. RFC 5004 BGP Path Stability Avoid BGP Best Path Transitions from One External to Another Keep the current external BGP path instead of flipping on a coin-toss tie-breaker. RFC 5073 TE Node Capabilities IGP Routing Protocol Extensions for Discovery of Traffic Engineering Node Capabilities How OSPF and IS-IS routers announce which traffic engineering jobs they can do, so paths avoid nodes that cannot do them. RFC 5115 TRIP Resource Priority Telephony Routing over IP (TRIP) Attribute for Resource Priority A TRIP attribute that lets telephony gateways advertise which Resource-Priority namespaces they support. RFC 5185 OSPF multi-area adj. OSPF Multi-Area Adjacency How two OSPF routers can share one physical link across several areas, so it counts as an inside path in each. RFC 5187 OSPFv3 Graceful Restart How OSPFv3 routers announce a graceful restart, using a grace-LSA of their own type. RFC 5240 PIM BSR MIB Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Bootstrap Router MIB The SNMP management objects for watching and configuring the Bootstrap Router mechanism of PIM multicast routers. RFC 5292 BGP Prefix ORF Address-Prefix-Based Outbound Route Filter for BGP-4 A BGP filter type that lets a router ask its neighbor to send only routes whose address prefixes match a list. RFC 5330 Unconstrained TE LSP Count A Link-Type sub-TLV to Convey the Number of Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths Signalled with Zero Reserved Bandwidth across a Link A new OSPF and IS-IS sub-TLV that reports how many zero-bandwidth traffic engineering tunnels cross a link. RFC 5392 OSPF Inter-AS TE OSPF Extensions in Support of Inter-Autonomous System (AS) MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering New OSPF advertisements that let routers learn about the TE links leading from their network into a neighboring one. RFC 5455 PCEP CLASSTYPE Diffserv-Aware Class-Type Object for the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol A small PCEP object that tells a path computation element which traffic class a requested tunnel belongs to. RFC 5604 TDM PW MIB Managed Objects for Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) over Packet Switched Networks (PSNs) The SNMP objects used to configure and monitor T1, E1, T3 and E3 circuits carried as pseudowires over a packet network. RFC 5605 ATM PW MIB Managed Objects for ATM over Packet Switched Networks (PSNs) The SNMP objects used to configure and monitor ATM cell streams carried as pseudowires over a packet network. RFC 5611 L2TPv3 TDM setup Layer Two Tunneling Protocol version 3 - Setup of Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) Pseudowires How two L2TPv3 endpoints agree on the details before carrying T1, E1, T3 or E3 circuits over a packet network. RFC 5642 OSPF hostname Dynamic Hostname Exchange Mechanism for OSPF A new OSPF TLV lets each router announce its own hostname so operators can read names instead of Router IDs. RFC 5772 A Set of Possible Requirements for a Future Routing Architecture Two expert groups' requirements for the Internet routing architecture of the future. RFC 5852 RSVP-TE Handover RSVP-TE Signaling Extension for LSP Handover from the Management Plane to the Control Plane in a GMPLS-Enabled Transport Network How an RSVP-TE signaling flag moves an existing connection between management-system control and GMPLS control without touching traffic. RFC 5886 PCE monitoring A Set of Monitoring Tools for Path Computation Element (PCE)-Based Architecture Extensions to PCEP that let operators check liveness, overload and processing times along a chain of path computation servers. RFC 5943 RPSL test address A Dedicated Routing Policy Specification Language Interface Identifier for Operational Testing A routing registry attribute that lets a network publish an address others may ping to test reachability. RFC 6240 SONET CEP MIB Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) Circuit Emulation over Packet (CEP) MIB Using SMIv2 The SNMP MIB module for configuring and monitoring SONET/SDH circuits that are carried across a packet network. RFC 6245 GRE key for Mobile IPv4 Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Key Extension for Mobile IPv4 A Mobile IPv4 extension that lets a Foreign Agent and Home Agent agree on the GRE key that labels each tunneled data stream. RFC 6445 MPLS FRR MIB Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering Management Information Base for Fast Reroute SNMP management objects for watching and configuring MPLS fast reroute backup paths. RFC 6516 IPv6 MVPN with PIM IPv6 Multicast VPN (MVPN) Support Using PIM Control Plane and Selective Provider Multicast Service Interface (S-PMSI) Join Messages Lets IPv6 customer multicast ride across a provider network that builds its tunnels with IPv4 PIM. RFC 6549 OSPFv2 Multi-Instance OSPFv2 Multi-Instance Extensions A one-byte Instance ID in the OSPFv2 packet header lets several OSPF instances share one interface. RFC 6565 OSPFv3 PE-CE OSPFv3 as a Provider Edge to Customer Edge (PE-CE) Routing Protocol How IPv6 customer sites can run OSPFv3 to their provider and still see each other as one OSPF network across a BGP/MPLS VPN. RFC 6608 BGP FSM Error Subcodes Subcodes for BGP Finite State Machine Error Gives BGP Finite State Machine errors subcodes that say which state saw an unexpected message. RFC 6658 Packet Pseudowire Packet Pseudowire Encapsulation over an MPLS PSN How to carry IP, MPLS and their support protocols between two routers over a pseudowire by using a virtual Ethernet link. RFC 6777 LSP data path delay Label Switched Path (LSP) Data Path Delay Metrics in Generalized MPLS and MPLS Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) Networks Five metrics for how long an MPLS or GMPLS tunnel really takes to carry traffic after signaling says it is ready. RFC 6850 RBridge MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for Routing Bridges (RBridges) The SNMP MIB module for monitoring and configuring RBridges, also known as TRILL Switches. RFC 6945 RPKI-Router MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) to Router Protocol An SNMP MIB module for watching a router's connections to RPKI cache servers. RFC 7032 LDP DoD LDP Downstream-on-Demand in Seamless MPLS Letting small access routers ask for MPLS labels only when they need them. RFC 7156 Diameter PMIPv6 LR Diameter Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6 Localized Routing How a AAA server can authorize direct routing between two Proxy Mobile IPv6 gateways using Diameter. RFC 7189 MPLS-TP VCCV Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV) Capability Advertisement for MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) How two pseudowire edge routers agree to use MPLS-TP connectivity checks, without confusing older equipment. RFC 7213 MPLS-TP Ethernet MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Next-Hop Ethernet Addressing How MPLS-TP nodes with no IP find the right Ethernet destination address for the next hop. RFC 7257 Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Management Information Base SNMP objects for configuring and monitoring VPLS services signaled with LDP or BGP. RFC 7309 Redundancy Mechanism for Inter-domain VPLS Service How two VPLS networks can back each other up with redundant edge routers using existing ICCP and pseudowire tools. RFC 7311 AIGP The Accumulated IGP Metric Attribute for BGP A BGP attribute that carries an accumulated IGP-style distance, so BGP can pick the shortest path inside one administration. RFC 7349 LDP Hello Cryptographic Authentication An optional TLV that signs LDP Hello messages with an HMAC so spoofed Hellos can be rejected. RFC 7369 GMPLS RSVP-TE Extensions for Ethernet Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Configuration How RSVP-TE signaling can switch on Ethernet connectivity monitoring at the same time as it sets up an Ethernet LSP. RFC 7392 MS-PW Explicit Routing Explicit Path Routing for Dynamic Multi-Segment Pseudowires How a pseudowire can be told exactly which switching routers to cross, using LDP explicit route hops. RFC 7394 Definition of Time to Live TLV for LSP-Ping Mechanisms A small optional field in an MPLS echo request that tells the far end how many hops back to send its reply. RFC 7441 mLDP FEC in MCAST-VPN Encoding Multipoint LDP (mLDP) Forwarding Equivalence Classes (FECs) in the NLRI of BGP MCAST-VPN Routes A new BGP route format so customers using mLDP multicast can be carried across a provider's MPLS VPN. RFC 7442 Carrying Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) in Any-Source Multicast (ASM) Mode Trees over Multipoint LDP (mLDP) Two ways to carry PIM-SM any-source multicast trees across an MPLS core using mLDP point-to-multipoint paths. RFC 7453 MPLS-TP TE MIB MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Traffic Engineering (TE) Management Information Base (MIB) Four SNMP MIB modules that let management tools handle MPLS-TP tunnels, including bidirectional ones and non-IP node identifiers. RFC 7543 Covering Prefixes ORF Covering Prefixes Outbound Route Filter for BGP-4 A BGP route filter a router can send to pull only the routes that cover one host address. RFC 7602 IS-IS Extended Sequence Number TLV A small counter added to IS-IS hellos and sequence number packets so captured packets cannot be replayed. RFC 7607 AS 0 Processing Codification of AS 0 Processing BGP routers must never originate, propagate or accept AS number 0. RFC 7611 BGP ACCEPT_OWN BGP ACCEPT_OWN Community Attribute A BGP community that lets a router accept a route it originated itself, so a route reflector can steer routes between VRFs on the same router. RFC 7708 VCCV GAL Indicator Using a Generic Associated Channel Label as a Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification Channel Indicator A new way to tag pseudowire health-check packets with a reserved label, for pseudowires that run without a control word. RFC 7715 mLDP Node Protection Multipoint LDP (mLDP) Node Protection How a multicast MPLS tree can switch to pre-built detours the moment a router on it fails. RFC 7727 ICCP STP Application Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Application of the Inter-Chassis Communication Protocol (ICCP) How provider devices in a redundancy group share Spanning Tree state so a customer network can attach to several of them at once. RFC 7733 RPL Home Automation AS Applicability Statement: The Use of the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) Protocol Suite in Home Automation and Building Control Which parts of the RPL routing suite to use, and with what settings, for lights, thermostats and sensors in homes and buildings. RFC 7734 EVPN with SPBM Support for Shortest Path Bridging MAC Mode over Ethernet VPN (EVPN) How islands of Shortest Path Bridging Ethernet can be joined across an EVPN core while each keeps its own control plane. RFC 7740 MP2MP Ingress Repl. Simulating Partial Mesh of Multipoint-to-Multipoint (MP2MP) Provider Tunnels with Ingress Replication Carrying bidirectional customer multicast over a provider network using ingress replication instead of MP2MP tunnels. RFC 7746 LSP Self-Ping Label Switched Path (LSP) Self-Ping A lightweight probe an ingress router sends to itself through a new MPLS path to check that every hop is ready before traffic flows. RFC 7759 MPLS-TP OAM Config Configuration of Proactive Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Functions for MPLS-Based Transport Networks Using Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping How LSP Ping carries the settings that switch on and tune proactive OAM on an MPLS-TP label switched path. RFC 7769 Static PW MAC Withdrawal Media Access Control (MAC) Address Withdrawal over Static Pseudowire How a pseudowire endpoint tells its peers to forget MAC addresses when signaling over LDP is not available. RFC 7774 MPL DHCPv6 Option Multicast Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (MPL) Parameter Configuration Option for DHCPv6 A DHCPv6 option that hands every low-power mesh node the same multicast tuning settings from one place. RFC 7784 TRILL OAM MIB Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) MIB The SNMP management objects for monitoring and driving TRILL fault-management tests such as path trace. RFC 7795 PW Redundancy on S-PE Pseudowire Redundancy on the Switching Provider Edge (S-PE) Letting a middle router of a multi-segment pseudowire pick between redundant paths, without changing the edge devices. RFC 7813 IS-IS PCR IS-IS Path Control and Reservation The IS-IS sub-TLVs that let a path computation element dictate explicit forwarding trees in Layer 2 networks. RFC 7899 Multicast VPN State Damping Keeps multicast VPN routers from flooding the core with join and prune churn by delaying prunes for flapping state. RFC 7954 LISP EID Block Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Endpoint Identifier (EID) Block An IPv6 address space set aside for the Locator/ID Separation Protocol RFC 7956 TRILL Distributed L3 GW Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Distributed Layer 3 Gateway Letting every edge switch in a TRILL network route between subnets instead of detouring through a central gateway. RFC 7964 BGP Route Oscillation Solutions for BGP Persistent Route Oscillation Two sets of extra BGP paths that route reflectors and confederation border routers can advertise to stop persistent route oscillation. RFC 7965 LDP PW-LSP Binding LDP Extensions for Pseudowire Binding to Label Switched Path (LSP) Tunnels How two ends of a pseudowire agree, inside LDP signaling, on which tunnel carries the traffic in both directions. RFC 7987 IS-IS Min Lifetime IS-IS Minimum Remaining Lifetime A one-line change to how IS-IS routers store new LSPs, so a corrupted lifetime cannot trigger premature purges. RFC 8001 RSVP-TE SRLG Collection RSVP-TE Extensions for Collecting Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG) Information How an RSVP-TE signaled path can report which shared failure risks each of its links runs through. RFC 8024 MC-PON in MPLS Multi-Chassis Passive Optical Network (MC-PON) Protection in MPLS Extending ICCP so two MPLS-capable optical line terminals can back each other up and keep passive optical network customers online. RFC 8036 RPL in AMI Applicability Statement for the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Networks How the RPL routing protocol should be configured for smart-meter mesh networks run by utilities. RFC 8050 MRT with Add-Paths Multi-Threaded Routing Toolkit (MRT) Routing Information Export Format with BGP Additional Path Extensions New MRT record subtypes so routing archives can store several BGP paths for the same prefix. RFC 8149 RSVP Extensions for Reoptimization of Loosely Routed Point-to-Multipoint Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths (LSPs) New RSVP-TE signaling so a multicast tree of loosely routed paths can be reoptimized as a whole, even when messages are split into fragments. RFC 8150 MPLS-TP Protection MIB MPLS Transport Profile Linear Protection MIB A management dashboard for backup paths in MPLS networks. RFC 8169 MPLS RTM Residence Time Measurement in MPLS Networks A way for MPLS routers to add up how long timing packets sit inside them, so clocks can sync more accurately. RFC 8196 IS-IS Autoconfig IS-IS Autoconfiguration How IS-IS routers can pick their own identity and sort out clashes with no manual setup. RFC 8212 EBGP Default Policy Default External BGP (EBGP) Route Propagation Behavior without Policies EBGP sessions should accept and send no routes until an operator configures policies. RFC 8237 Static PW Refresh MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP) Pseudowire (PW) Status Refresh Reduction for Static PWs One aggregated keepalive per LSP lets static pseudowires stop sending their own periodic status refreshes. RFC 8302 TRILL ARP/ND Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): ARP and Neighbor Discovery (ND) Optimization How TRILL edge switches answer ARP and Neighbor Discovery queries from a cache instead of flooding them. RFC 8320 LDP for MRTs LDP Extensions to Support Maximally Redundant Trees How LDP routers tell each other they support Maximally Redundant Trees, so backup label paths exist before a failure. RFC 8339 P2MP PW LSP ping Definition of P2MP PW TLV for Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping Mechanisms How to ping a point-to-multipoint pseudowire and check that every leaf router can be reached. RFC 8347 YANG VRRP A YANG Data Model for the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) A standard YANG model for configuring, monitoring and getting alerts from VRRP, versions 2 and 3. RFC 8361 TRILL centralized BUM Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Centralized Replication for Active-Active Broadcast, Unknown Unicast, and Multicast (BUM) Traffic Fixes dropped broadcast and multicast frames in TRILL active-active access by replicating them at one central node. RFC 8363 GMPLS OSPF-TE flexi-grid GMPLS OSPF-TE Extensions in Support of Flexi-Grid Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Networks How OSPF-TE tells GMPLS routers which slices of an optical fiber's spectrum are still free. RFC 8380 Directory-assisted TRILL Directory-Assisted Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Encapsulation How ordinary servers and virtual switches can wrap frames in TRILL headers themselves, using a directory to look up where to send them. RFC 8381 TRILL vendor channel Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Vendor-Specific RBridge Channel Protocol A slot in the TRILL RBridge Channel where a vendor can send its own messages, identified by its OUI or CID. RFC 8383 TRILL address flush Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Address Flush Message A TRILL control message that lets one switch tell the others to forget learned MAC addresses. RFC 8384 TRILL smart endnodes Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) Smart Endnodes Lets a host volunteer to do its own TRILL learning and encapsulation, easing the load on its edge switch. RFC 8503 BGP/MPLS Layer 3 VPN Multicast Management Information Base An SNMP MIB module for configuring and monitoring multicast over BGP/MPLS Layer 3 VPNs on a provider edge router. RFC 8549 IPFIX BGP Communities Export of BGP Community Information in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) New IPFIX fields let routers report which BGP communities a traffic flow belongs to, so traffic can be counted per customer group or region. RFC 8560 Seamless Integration of Ethernet VPN (EVPN) with Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) and Their Provider Backbone Bridge (PBB) Equivalents How new EVPN routers can join an existing VPLS network without touching the old routers. RFC 8577 Signaling RSVP-TE Tunnels on a Shared MPLS Forwarding Plane Preinstalled per-link labels let many RSVP-TE tunnels share forwarding state on MPLS routers. RFC 8625 Ethernet Availability TE Ethernet Traffic Parameters with Availability Information A new RSVP-TE field that lets an LSP ask for bandwidth together with how reliably that bandwidth must be available. RFC 8629 DLEP Multi-Hop Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP) Multi-Hop Forwarding Extension A DLEP extension that lets a modem report how many hops away a destination is, and lets a router steer that forwarding. RFC 8638 IPv4 multicast over IPv6 IPv4 Multicast over an IPv6 Multicast in Softwire Mesh Networks How a backbone running IPv6 can carry IPv4 multicast between IPv4 client networks. RFC 8679 MPLS egress protection MPLS Egress Protection Framework How MPLS networks keep carrying traffic for a customer site when the last router or link on the path fails. RFC 8695 YANG for RIP A YANG Data Model for the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) A standard YANG schema for configuring RIPv2 and RIPng and reading their state from a router. RFC 8703 DLEP link identifier Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP) Link Identifier Extension How a DLEP modem can describe links to destinations that sit beyond a gateway, not just on the local Layer 2 network. RFC 8757 DLEP latency range Dynamic Link Exchange Protocol (DLEP) Latency Range Extension A DLEP extension that reports minimum and maximum link latency instead of a single value. RFC 8804 CDNI request routing Content Delivery Network Interconnection (CDNI) Request Routing Extensions How a commercial CDN and an ISP caching layer tell each other where to redirect viewers, and where to send them back. RFC 8916 MSDP YANG A YANG Data Model for the Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) A standard YANG schema for configuring MSDP peers and reading back their state and the Source-Active cache. RFC 9005 PCEP Policy Assoc Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Associating Policies and Label Switched Paths (LSPs) A PCEP extension that puts LSPs into policy groups so peers can apply the same policy to all of them. RFC 9013 OSPF Tunnel Encap OSPF Advertisement of Tunnel Encapsulations How an OSPF router tells its neighbors which tunnel types it can receive, so senders pick one the far end understands. RFC 9014 EVPN Interconnect Interconnect Solution for Ethernet VPN (EVPN) Overlay Networks How EVPN-based data center overlays are joined to a WAN, with gateways that stitch the two sides together. RFC 9015 BGP SFC BGP Control Plane for the Network Service Header in Service Function Chaining How BGP can tell a network which service functions exist and in what order packets should visit them. RFC 9024 DetNet TSN over MPLS Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking over MPLS How Time-Sensitive Networking streams can be carried across a DetNet MPLS network. RFC 9034 6LoWPAN Deadline Packet Delivery Deadline Time in the Routing Header for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs) A small header that tells every router on a low-power wireless network when a packet must arrive, so late packets can be dropped. RFC 9056 DetNet IP over MPLS Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: IP over MPLS How DetNet IP flows are mapped onto an MPLS network without changing the IP packets, while keeping deterministic service. RFC 9070 YANG for MPLS LDP YANG Data Model for MPLS LDP A standard YANG schema for configuring, monitoring and controlling MPLS LDP on a router. RFC 9072 BGP OPEN Extended Length Extended Optional Parameters Length for BGP OPEN Message How a BGP OPEN message escapes the 255-octet limit on its optional parameters without breaking older routers. RFC 9081 MVPN and MSDP SA Interoperation between Multicast Virtual Private Network (MVPN) and Multicast Source Directory Protocol (MSDP) Source-Active Routes How a provider's multicast VPN and a customer's MSDP network can swap source announcements without extra sessions. RFC 9089 Entropy Label OSPF Signaling Entropy Label Capability and Entropy Readable Label Depth Using OSPF How OSPF routers tell each other whether they can handle entropy labels and how deep they can read a label stack. RFC 9107 BGP ORR BGP Optimal Route Reflection (BGP ORR) Lets a BGP route reflector pick exits from its clients' point of view instead of its own. RFC 9125 SR Site Gateways Gateway Auto-Discovery and Route Advertisement for Site Interconnection Using Segment Routing How gateways to a data center find each other and advertise every route into the site, so segment routing can use all of them. RFC 9128 YANG for PIM YANG Data Model for Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) A set of YANG modules for configuring and monitoring PIM multicast routing on a router through NETCONF or RESTCONF. RFC 9166 A YANG Data Model for Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Snooping A standard YANG model for configuring and monitoring switches that snoop on IGMP and MLD multicast membership messages. RFC 9183 TRILL Single Nickname Single Nickname for an Area Border RBridge in Multilevel Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) How border switches in multilevel TRILL can use one nickname in both areas and let areas reuse nicknames. RFC 9186 PIM-SM BFD Failover Fast Failover in Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) Using Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for Multipoint Networks Using multipoint BFD so PIM-SM routers notice a failed neighbor in under a second instead of 105 seconds. RFC 9194 IS-IS Reverse Metric YANG A YANG Module for IS-IS Reverse Metric A standard YANG data model for configuring and inspecting the IS-IS reverse metric feature on routers. RFC 9247 BGP-LS for S-BFD BGP - Link State (BGP-LS) Extensions for Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) A new BGP-LS attribute that lets controllers learn each node's S-BFD discriminators across IGP domains. RFC 9262 BIER-TE Tree Engineering for Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER-TE) BIER multicast where the bits in the packet name the links to cross, so a controller can steer each copy along an exact tree. RFC 9305 LISP GPE Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Generic Protocol Extension A small change to the LISP header that says what is inside the packet, so LISP can carry Ethernet, NSH and more. RFC 9323 RPKI Signed Checklists A Profile for RPKI Signed Checklists (RSCs) A way to sign a list of file checksums with your Internet number resources, so others can verify the files came from you. RFC 9339 OSPF Reverse Metric OSPF Reverse Metric Lets an OSPF router tell its neighbor what metric to use for the link back toward it. RFC 9351 BGP-LS Flex-Algo Border Gateway Protocol - Link State (BGP-LS) Extensions for Flexible Algorithm Advertisement New BGP-LS TLVs that let controllers learn how routers define their Flexible Algorithms. RFC 9355 OSPF BFD Strict-Mode OSPF Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Strict-Mode Lets two OSPF routers agree to wait for a working BFD session before they form an adjacency. RFC 9358 PCEP VN Association Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Establishing Relationships between Sets of Label Switched Paths and Virtual Networks Tag a set of PCEP-controlled paths as belonging to one customer's Virtual Network so a PCE can manage them together. RFC 9384 BGP Cease for BFD A BGP Cease NOTIFICATION Subcode for Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) A label that tells a BGP neighbor the session was closed because BFD declared the link down. RFC 9398 IGMP/MLD Proxy YANG A YANG Data Model for Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Proxy Devices Standard configuration model for multicast proxy devices. RFC 9403 RIB YANG Extensions A YANG Data Model for RIB Extensions Enhanced route model supporting multiple next hops and additional attributes. RFC 9465 PIM Null-Register pack PIM Null-Register Packing Bundle many PIM Null-Register and Register-Stop records into a single message to cut router chatter. RFC 9466 PIM Assert packing PIM Assert Message Packing One PIM message that carries the Assert information for many multicast flows at once. RFC 9468 Unsolicited BFD Unsolicited Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for Sessionless Applications Lets one router start a BFD liveness session and the other join automatically, with no per-session setup. RFC 9489 EVPN LSP Ping Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping Mechanisms for EVPN and Provider Backbone Bridging EVPN (PBB-EVPN) How operators ping through EVPN and PBB-EVPN to check that the data plane really matches what the control plane advertised. RFC 9491 NSH and SR for SFC Integration of the Network Service Header (NSH) and Segment Routing for Service Function Chaining (SFC) How the Network Service Header and Segment Routing can work together to steer traffic through chains of network services. RFC 9502 IGP Flex-Algo for IP IGP Flexible Algorithm in IP Networks Lets IGP Flexible Algorithm steer ordinary IPv4 and IPv6 traffic, not only Segment Routing traffic. RFC 9516 SFC active OAM Active Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) for Service Function Chaining (SFC) How to send ping- and traceroute-style test packets through a chain of network services and find where the chain is broken. RFC 9571 RFC 6374 SFLs Extension of RFC 6374-Based Performance Measurement Using Synonymous Flow Labels Counting lost packets and measuring delay on MPLS paths by tagging batches of traffic with synonymous labels. RFC 9616 Babel RTT metric Delay-Based Metric Extension for the Babel Routing Protocol How Babel routers time their links and prefer the faster ones, without needing synchronised clocks. RFC 9630 Multicast IOAM Multicast On-Path Telemetry Using In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) How to collect IOAM telemetry from multicast traffic without repeating the same data on every branch. RFC 9647 Babel YANG Model A YANG Data Model for Babel A standard YANG schema for configuring Babel routers and reading their state. RFC 9655 MPLS Egress Validation Egress Validation in Label Switched Path Ping and Traceroute Mechanisms A small extra field that lets an MPLS ping or traceroute confirm it really reached the intended end of a path. RFC 9687 BGP Send Hold Timer Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4) Send Hold Timer A timer that lets a BGP router hang up on a peer that has stopped accepting its messages. RFC 9691 RPKI Trust Anchor Keys A Profile for Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Trust Anchor Keys (TAKs) A signed object that lets an RPKI trust anchor announce where its keys live and stage a successor key for a safe rollover. RFC 9702 MSD YANG Model YANG Data Model for Maximum Segment Identifier (SID) Depth (MSD) Types and MPLS MSD Two YANG modules that let routers report how many segment labels they can handle, with types kept in step with an IANA registry. RFC 9716 Inter-Domain SR Ping Mechanisms for MPLS Ping and Traceroute Procedures in Inter-Domain Segment Routing Networks How to make MPLS ping and traceroute work across IGP domains and ASes, by telling each responder exactly how to send its reply back. RFC 9719 RIFT YANG Model YANG Data Model for Routing in Fat Trees (RIFT) A YANG data model for configuring RIFT and reading its state, neighbors, database and statistics. RFC 9739 PIM Light Protocol Independent Multicast Light (PIM Light) A PIM interface type that accepts Join/Prune messages without a Hello, for networks where PIM neighbor discovery does not fit. RFC 9744 EVPN VPWS FXC EVPN Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) Flexible Cross-Connect (FXC) Service How a provider can squeeze huge numbers of VLAN circuits into one EVPN tunnel without losing backup paths. RFC 9760 PTP enterprise profile Enterprise Profile for the Precision Time Protocol with Mixed Multicast and Unicast Messages A PTP profile that lets big enterprise networks mix multicast and unicast for precise clock sync. RFC 9764 BFD large packets Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Encapsulated in Large Packets Pad BFD packets with zeros so a BFD session also proves the path can carry packets of a chosen size. RFC 9772 Geneve OAM Active Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) for Use in Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation (Geneve) How to send health-check packets through a Geneve tunnel so they travel the same way real traffic does. RFC 9779 SR-MPLS PM Performance Measurement for Segment Routing Networks with the MPLS Data Plane How to measure packet loss and delay along Segment Routing paths that use MPLS labels. RFC 9786 EVPN port-active EVPN Port-Active Redundancy Mode An active/standby multihoming mode for EVPN where one whole port forwards and the other waits. RFC 9793 BGP for BIER BGP Extensions for Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) How BGP carries the per-router information that BIER multicast forwarding needs, without per-tree state. RFC 9801 Private Line Emulation Private Line Emulation over Packet Switched Networks Carry a raw Ethernet, SONET/SDH, Fibre Channel or OTN signal across a packet network as if it were a dedicated line. RFC 9856 EVPN multicast sources Multicast Source Redundancy in EVPNs How EVPN networks keep two or more copies of the same multicast stream from reaching a receiver twice. RFC 1587 OSPF NSSA The OSPF NSSA Option OSPF areas that import external routes within limits. RFC 2082 RIP-2 MD5 RIP-2 MD5 Authentication Adds cryptographic authentication to RIP routing updates. RFC 6490 RPKI TAL Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Trust Anchor Locator A small file that tells validators where to find the root of a trusted certificate chain. RFC 6822 IS-IS Multi-Instance IS-IS Multi-Instance Allows one router to run multiple independent IS-IS routing instances on the same physical link. RFC 7810 IS-IS TE Metrics IS-IS Traffic Engineering (TE) Metric Extensions Adding performance metrics like latency to IS-IS routing decisions. RFC 8919 IS-IS Application-Specific Link Attributes Application-specific link attributes for IS-IS routing. RFC 3137 OSPF Stub Router OSPF Stub Router Advertisement Let a router tell others not to send transit traffic through it RFC 4205 Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Extending IS-IS to support optical label switching networks RFC 1163 BGP-1 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) An early protocol for exchanging routing information between independent networks. RFC 1655 BGP-4 Application Application of the Border Gateway Protocol in the Internet How BGP-4 routing protocol is deployed and configured in the Internet. RFC 2178 OSPF v2 OSPF Version 2 A link-state routing protocol for TCP/IP internets using shortest path first calculations RFC 7730 RPKI TAL Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Trust Anchor Locator A file pointing to the root certificate that verifies IP address ownership RFC 2730 MADCAP Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol (MADCAP) How a host asks a server for a multicast address, borrows it for a while, and hands it back. RFC 5095 Deprecate RH0 Deprecation of Type 0 Routing Headers in IPv6 Why IPv6 nodes were told to stop processing Type 0 Routing Headers. RFC 3373 IS-IS 3-way handshake Three-Way Handshake for Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Point-to-Point Adjacencies Confirming both directions of a routing link with a three-way handshake RFC 1105 BGP (v1) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) The first inter-domain routing protocol for exchanging reachability information between independent networks. RFC 1965 BGP Confederations Autonomous System Confederations for BGP Splitting a large autonomous system into smaller internal domains while appearing as one to the outside world. RFC 1354 IP Forwarding MIB IP Forwarding Table MIB SNMP objects for managing a router's routing table and multi-path routes RFC 2932 IPv4 Multicast Routing MIB SNMP management of IPv4 multicast routing across different protocols RFC 5566 BGP IPsec tunnel BGP IPsec Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Adding secure tunnels to BGP's tunnel type announcements RFC 6006 Extensions to the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) for Point-to-Multipoint Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths Enabling path computations for delivery trees instead of single paths RFC 6723 PW control word update Update of the Pseudowire Control-Word Negotiation Mechanism Fixes a negotiation deadlock when provider edges change their preference for control words. RFC 7370 Updates to the IS-IS TLV Codepoints Registry Tidies two IS-IS sub-TLV registries and tells Designated Experts when they may allocate codepoints early. RFC 8481 Clarifications to BGP Origin Validation Based on Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Clarify the rules for checking BGP route origin with RPKI RFC 8920 OSPF Application-Specific Link Attributes Application-specific link attributes for OSPF routing. RFC 5771 IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments How IANA carves up and hands out the IPv4 multicast address space, block by block. RFC 1252 OSPF MIB OSPF Version 2 Management Information Base Structured data definitions for monitoring and managing OSPF routers RFC 1518 CIDR allocation An Architecture for IP Address Allocation with CIDR The architecture that made Internet routing scalable through hierarchical address allocation RFC 2096 IP Forwarding Table MIB IP Forwarding Table MIB How network management systems query a router's routing decisions. RFC 3438 L2TP IANA update Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Considerations Update How to allocate numbers for L2TP protocol extensions RFC 6916 Algorithm Agility Procedure for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) A phased, top-down plan for moving the RPKI from one cryptographic algorithm suite to the next without breaking routing security. RFC 3476 Documentation of IANA Assignments for Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP), and Resource ReSerVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions for Optical UNI Signaling Protocol extensions for optical network interface signaling. RFC 6233 IS-IS purge registry IS-IS Registry Extension for Purges Registry rules for what metadata can appear in link state purge messages. RFC 1269 BGP-3 MIB Definitions of Managed Objects for the Border Gateway Protocol: Version 3 SNMP management objects for Border Gateway Protocol version 3 RFC 2280 RPSL Routing Policy Specification Language (RPSL) A language for describing routing policies in a machine-readable format. RFC 2787 Definitions of Managed Objects for the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol SNMP objects for configuring and monitoring routers that run VRRP. RFC 5316 IS-IS Inter-AS TE ISIS Extensions in Support of Inter-Autonomous System (AS) MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering How routers announce traffic engineering links across AS boundaries for path planning. RFC 6506 OSPFv3 Auth Trailer Supporting Authentication Trailer for OSPFv3 Authenticating OSPFv3 routing messages without depending on IPsec. RFC 6779 NHDP MIB Definition of Managed Objects for the Neighborhood Discovery Protocol Management objects for configuring and monitoring the Neighborhood Discovery Protocol on mobile routers RFC 6829 LSP Ping IPv6 PW FEC Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping for Pseudowire Forwarding Equivalence Classes (FECs) Advertised over IPv6 Testing pseudowires that use IPv6 addresses with label switched path ping and traceroute RFC 1054 IP multicast hosts Host extensions for IP multicasting How IP hosts send messages to groups of computers simultaneously. RFC 2117 PIM-SM Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification Routing multicast traffic through the Internet for groups scattered across multiple networks. RFC 4813 OSPF Link-Local Signaling Attach extra data to OSPF packets for link-local exchange of capabilities. RFC 7308 Extended Admin Groups Extended Administrative Groups in MPLS Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) A new sub-TLV that lets MPLS-TE links carry far more than 32 colors. RFC 1387 RIPv2 RIP Version 2 Protocol Analysis An assessment of RIP-2 protocol features and early implementation results. RFC 7214 G-ACh Registries Moving Generic Associated Channel (G-ACh) IANA Registries to a New Registry IANA gathers the scattered Generic Associated Channel registries into one place under the MPLS heading. RFC 8232 PCEP State Sync Optimizations of Label Switched Path State Synchronization Procedures for a Stateful PCE Four PCEP extensions that let a stateful PCE and its clients skip, shrink, schedule or repeat the sync of path state. RFC 1786 RIPE-81++ Representation of IP Routing Policies in a Routing Registry (ripe-81++) A standard format for networks to write and share their routing policies. RFC 1164 BGP Applications Application of the Border Gateway Protocol in the Internet How early BGP was meant to be used between autonomous systems: policy, path choice and living alongside interior routing. RFC 1863 BGP/IDRP Route Servers A BGP/IDRP Route Server alternative to a full mesh routing Simplifying BGP and IDRP network routing using dedicated route servers instead of direct peering. RFC 5130 IS-IS Admin Tags A Policy Control Mechanism in IS-IS Using Administrative Tags Attach numeric labels to IP prefixes in IS-IS so routers can apply policy by tag instead of by prefix. RFC 9778 IGMP/MLD IANA IANA Considerations for Internet Group Management Protocols The rulebook IANA follows when handing out new values in the IGMP and MLD headers, replacing RFC 3228. RFC 2546 6Bone Routing Practice Guidelines for operating the IPv6 testbed network. RFC 2763 Dynamic Hostname Exchange Mechanism for IS-IS A mechanism for IS-IS routers to advertise their hostnames dynamically RFC 3847 IS-IS Restart Signaling Restart Signaling for Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Minimize routing disruption when an IS-IS router restarts by using special signaling. RFC 2008 Address Allocation Implications of Various Address Allocation Policies for Internet Routing Why handing out IP addresses that follow network topology keeps Internet routing tables from collapsing. RFC 966 Host groups Host groups: A multicast extension to the Internet Protocol Sending a single packet to a group of hosts over the Internet. RFC 1142 IS-IS OSI IS-IS Intra-domain Routing Protocol A hierarchical link-state protocol for routing inside an administrative domain. RFC 1364 BGP-OSPF BGP OSPF Interaction How to coordinate BGP and OSPF routing at an AS boundary router RFC 2933 IGMP MIB Internet Group Management Protocol MIB Management tools for controlling group membership announcements RFC 3475 Documentation of IANA assignments for Constraint-Based LSP setup using LDP (CR-LDP) Extensions for Automatic Switched Optical Network (ASON) Code point assignments for optical network control protocols. RFC 5498 MANET IANA allocations IANA Allocations for Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Protocols Well-known numbers for wireless mesh routing protocols to share. RFC 6107 Hierarchical LSP Signaling Procedures for Dynamically Signaled Hierarchical Label Switched Paths Lets the two ends of an MPLS or GMPLS tunnel agree during setup how it will be used as a link. RFC 6491 RPKI IANA objects Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Objects Issued by IANA Tells IANA which RPKI objects to sign, and which to leave unsigned, for the address and AS number space nobody is meant to route. RFC 6622 MANET ICV and Timestamp Integrity Check Value and Timestamp TLV Definitions for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) A standard way to attach cryptographic signatures and timestamps to wireless mesh network control messages. RFC 7150 PCEP Vendor Constraints Conveying Vendor-Specific Constraints in the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol Adding vendor-specific extensions to path computation protocol requests RFC 8537 Bidirectional LSP FRR Updates to the Fast Reroute Procedures for Co-routed Associated Bidirectional Label Switched Paths (LSPs) Keeps both directions of a paired MPLS path on the same route after a fast reroute, and keeps the pairs from being mixed up. RFC 9041 LSP Ping IANA Registry Updating the MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs) Ping Parameters IANA Registry Replaces vendor and private-use code points in the MPLS LSP Ping registries with First Come First Served and sets clear handling for unknown TLVs. RFC 4125 Maximum Allocation Model Maximum Allocation Bandwidth Constraints Model for Diffserv-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering A simple bandwidth allocation rule for traffic classes on network links. RFC 9003 BGP Shutdown Message Extended BGP Administrative Shutdown Communication Lets a BGP router explain, in up to 255 bytes of UTF-8 text, why it is closing a session. RFC 9304 LISP Shared Ext Msg Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP): Shared Extension Message and IANA Registry for Packet Type Allocations A shared message slot for LISP extensions to avoid exhausting limited codepoints. RFC 9774 Deprecation of AS_SET Deprecation of AS_SET and AS_CONFED_SET in BGP BGP routers may no longer announce routes with an unordered set of ASes in the path, which makes the origin of a route clear. RFC 6834 LISP Map-Versioning Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Map-Versioning Detect stale mappings in LISP by embedding version numbers in packets RFC 7557 Extension Mechanism for the Babel Routing Protocol A formal scheme to add new features to the Babel routing protocol without breaking old implementations. RFC 4003 GMPLS Signaling Procedure for Egress Control Clarifying how the final hop in a label-switched path controls which label to use. RFC 4558 Node-ID RSVP Hello Node-ID Based Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Hello: A Clarification Statement Spelling out when routers should run RSVP Hello sessions between node addresses instead of link addresses. RFC 6969 OSPFv3 Instance ID Registry Update Carves a block of OSPFv3 Instance IDs out for private use. RFC 7726 BFD for MPLS LSPs Clarifying Procedures for Establishing BFD Sessions for MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs) Spells out how several BFD liveness sessions can run side by side on one MPLS path, and how they get cleaned up. RFC 7777 OSPF Node Admin Tags Advertising Node Administrative Tags in OSPF Letting OSPF routers carry opaque 32-bit labels so operators can group nodes and write policies about them. RFC 7892 IANA Allocation Procedures for the GMPLS OTN Signal Type Registry IANA may now register new OTN signal types under Specification Required, not only Standards Action. RFC 7902 PMSI Tunnel Flags Registry and Extensions for P-Multicast Service Interface Tunnel Attribute Flags Creates an IANA registry for the PMSI Tunnel attribute flag bits and adds an extended community for more flags. RFC 8356 PCEP experimental Experimental Codepoint Allocation for the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Reserving PCEP message, object and TLV numbers so experiments never collide with real ones. RFC 8690 RFC 8287 sub-TLV length Clarification of Segment ID Sub-TLV Length for RFC 8287 Pins down exactly what number goes in the Length field of the Segment ID sub-TLVs from RFC 8287. RFC 9184 BGP Extended Community Registries Update Corrects IANA registry labels for BGP Extended Communities that are in real use RFC 1133 NSFNET to DDN Routing Routing between the NSFNET and the DDN Connecting two major research networks through controlled routing RFC 1222 Advancing the NSFNET routing architecture How to make the NSFNET backbone's interface simpler and cheaper for regional networks to connect. RFC 1266 BGP Experience Experience with the BGP Protocol How BGP has performed in real-world deployments and why it meets Draft Standard criteria RFC 1477 IDPR IDPR as a Proposed Standard Policy-based routing that respects administrative domain rules RFC 1504 AURP Appletalk Update-Based Routing Protocol: Enhanced Appletalk Routing Connect Apple networks over long distances by tunneling through IP and sharing routing updates efficiently. RFC 1668 Unified Routing Requirements for IPng What the next Internet design must support for scalable routing RFC 1923 RIPv1 Historic RIPv1 Applicability Statement for Historic Status Why RIP version 1 became obsolete for modern networks RFC 1940 Source Demand Routing Source Demand Routing: Packet Format and Forwarding Specification (Version 1) Let a sender specify the exact path packets should take through the network. RFC 1992 Nimrod The Nimrod Routing Architecture A scalable routing architecture using maps at multiple abstraction levels. RFC 2042 Registering New BGP Attribute Types How to register new attribute types for the Border Gateway Protocol. RFC 2081 RIPng Applicability RIPng Protocol Applicability Statement Where RIPng routing works well in IPv6 networks. RFC 2092 Triggered RIP Analysis Protocol Analysis for Triggered RIP Protocol analysis of RIP extensions for efficient routing on demand circuits. RFC 2102 Multicast Support for Nimrod : Requirements and Solution Approaches What a routing architecture needs to support one-to-many message delivery. RFC 2103 Mobility Support for Nimrod : Challenges and Solution Approaches What a routing architecture needs to support mobile endpoints. RFC 2121 Issues affecting MARS Cluster Size What limits the size of a multicast cluster over ATM networks. RFC 2124 Cabletron's Light-weight Flow Admission Protocol Specification Version 1.0 A protocol for switches to ask permission before admitting network flows. RFC 2129 FANP Toshiba's Flow Attribute Notification Protocol (FANP) Specification A neighbor-to-neighbor protocol for bypass-forwarding specific packet flows. RFC 2149 Multicast Server Architectures for MARS-based ATM multicasting Using a relay server to distribute multicast messages over ATM networks. RFC 2185 Routing Aspects of IPv6 Transition How networks route packets during the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. RFC 2270 Using a Dedicated AS for Sites Homed to a Single Provider How service providers can use a shared AS number for single-homed BGP customers. RFC 2519 A Framework for Inter-Domain Route Aggregation A scalable strategy for keeping routing tables small as the Internet grows RFC 2641 VlanHello Cabletron's VlanHello Protocol Specification Version 4 Protocol for switches to discover neighbors and learn the topology of a switch fabric. RFC 2715 Interoperability Rules for Multicast Routing Protocols Rules for mixing multicast routing protocols within a single border router. RFC 2729 Taxonomy of Communication Requirements for Large-scale Multicast Applications A classification system for communication needs of large-scale multicast applications. RFC 2791 Scalable Routing Design Principles Design principles for routing systems that grow without collapsing. RFC 2902 Overview of the 1998 IAB Routing Workshop Documenting Internet routing challenges and solutions from a 1998 expert workshop. RFC 2917 A Core MPLS IP VPN Architecture How service providers carve private networks out of a shared MPLS backbone RFC 3147 GRE over CLNS Generic Routing Encapsulation over CLNS Networks How to wrap IP packets inside CLNS for migration from old networks to new. RFC 3170 IP Multicast Applications: Challenges and Solutions A developer's guide to designing multicast applications RFC 3346 MPLS traffic engineering Applicability Statement for Traffic Engineering with MPLS When and how to use labeled paths to optimize network traffic flow RFC 3353 IP multicast over MPLS Overview of IP Multicast in a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Environment How to efficiently route one-to-many communications in a label-switched network RFC 3488 RGMP Cisco Systems Router-port Group Management Protocol (RGMP) Protocol for routers to tell switches which multicast groups they need RFC 3609 Tracing Requirements for Generic Tunnels Requirements for a traceroute tool that can see through tunnels RFC 3612 Applicability Statement for Restart Mechanisms for the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Guidance on when network routers need recovery plans for label distribution failures. RFC 3754 IP Multicast in Differentiated Services (DS) Networks The trouble with sending one message to many people while also giving some traffic priority RFC 3765 NOPEER NOPEER Community for Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Route Scope Control Control how far a route spreads across networks. RFC 4167 Graceful OSPF Restart Implementation Report Report on how vendors implemented graceful restart for OSPF. RFC 4257 GMPLS for SDH/SONET Framework for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)-based Control of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy/Synchronous Optical Networking (SDH/SONET) Networks Framework for applying IP control protocols to optical transport networks. RFC 4274 BGP-4 analysis BGP-4 Protocol Analysis How BGP-4 meets the requirements to be an Internet routing standard RFC 4275 BGP-4 MIB survey BGP-4 MIB Implementation Survey Survey of which BGP-4 router vendors support network management interfaces RFC 4276 BGP-4 impl report BGP-4 Implementation Report A survey of how router vendors implement the core BGP-4 routing protocol. RFC 4277 BGP-4 experience Experience with the BGP-4 Protocol Lessons learned from years of running BGP-4 in production Internet networks. RFC 4397 A Lexicography for the Interpretation of Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Terminology within the Context of the ITU-T's Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) Architecture Translating GMPLS concepts into ASON architecture terminology RFC 4451 BGP MED considerations BGP MULTI_EXIT_DISC (MED) Considerations Pitfalls and best practices for using BGP's MED attribute in routing. RFC 4602 PIM-SM requirements Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) IETF Proposed Standard Requirements Analysis Requirements checklist for advancing PIM-SM from Experimental to Standard. RFC 4797 Use of Provider Edge to Provider Edge (PE-PE) Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) or IP in BGP/MPLS IP Virtual Private Networks Tunnel VPN packets through networks without MPLS RFC 5037 LDP Experience Experience with the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Report on how Label Distribution Protocol has performed in operational networks. RFC 5038 LDP Impl. Survey The Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Implementation Survey Results Survey results showing how different vendors implemented the Label Distribution Protocol. RFC 5110 Overview of the Internet Multicast Routing Architecture A guided tour of how the Internet routes multicast traffic to many destinations at once. RFC 5123 Considerations in Validating the Path in BGP Understanding the limits of validating BGP routing announcements RFC 5160 Considerations of Provider-to-Provider Agreements for Internet-Scale Quality of Service (QoS) Linking network providers' QoS capabilities through common standards. RFC 5186 Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3) / Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) and Multicast Routing Protocol Interaction How multicast routers use source filtering from group management protocols. RFC 5376 PCECP Inter-AS Inter-AS Requirements for the Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCECP) Requirements for computing network paths that cross administrative boundaries. RFC 5468 Inter-Domain PCE Perf Performance Analysis of Inter-Domain Path Computation Methodologies Measuring path computation methods across network domains in realistic conditions. RFC 5495 RSVP-TE graceful restart Description of the Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic-Engineered (RSVP-TE) Graceful Restart Procedures How routers can restart without disrupting traffic they are forwarding. RFC 5556 TRILL applicability Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Problem and Applicability Statement Routing protocols at the link layer to overcome spanning tree limitations. RFC 6007 Use of the Synchronization VECtor (SVEC) List for Synchronized Dependent Path Computations Coordinating multiple path requests for diverse routes and synchronized computation RFC 6094 Summary of Cryptographic Authentication Algorithm Implementation Requirements for Routing Protocols Cryptographic authentication standards for routing protocols RFC 6139 RANGER Scenarios Routing and Addressing in Networks with Global Enterprise Recursion (RANGER) Scenarios Use cases for a map-and-encapsulate architecture to solve routing and addressing problems. RFC 6159 Diameter Session Routing Session-Specific Explicit Diameter Request Routing Keeping the same proxy in the path for all session messages. RFC 6636 IGMP/MLD Mobile Tuning Tuning the Behavior of the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for Routers in Mobile and Wireless Networks Optimizing multicast group membership protocols for wireless and mobile networks. RFC 6639 Multiprotocol Label Switching Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) MIB-Based Management Overview Organizing management tools for carrier-grade packet networks RFC 6659 RAMS Deployment Considerations for Deploying the Rapid Acquisition of Multicast RTP Sessions (RAMS) Method Practical deployment scenarios for rapid multicast stream acquisition. RFC 6676 Multicast Doc Addresses Multicast Addresses for Documentation Reserved multicast addresses and schemes for use in documentation and examples. RFC 6687 RPL Performance Performance Evaluation of the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) Simulation results for RPL routing in low-power networks RFC 6752 Private IP issues Issues with Private IP Addressing in the Internet Why Internet service providers should not use private IP addresses inside their core networks. RFC 6769 S-VA Simple Virtual Aggregation (S-VA) Reduce routing table size using virtual aggregation prefixes. RFC 6894 Methodology for Benchmarking MPLS Traffic Engineered (MPLS-TE) Fast Reroute Protection A standard way to test and measure recovery time when network links fail. RFC 6907 Use Cases and Interpretations of Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Objects for Issuers and Relying Parties A guide to creating and interpreting RPKI digital authorizations for route origins. RFC 6965 MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Applicability: Use Cases and Design Real-world applications of MPLS-TP in modern packet transport networks. RFC 6992 Routing for IPv4-Embedded IPv6 Packets Transporting IPv4 packets across an IPv6 network using address translation RFC 7054 Addressing Requirements and Design Considerations for Per-Interface Maintenance Entity Group Intermediate Points (MIPs) Guidelines for addressing maintenance checkpoints on network interfaces in carrier-grade MPLS. RFC 7079 The Pseudowire (PW) and Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV) Implementation Survey Results Survey of pseudowire and VCCV implementation practices in service provider networks. RFC 7087 A Thesaurus for the Interpretation of Terminology Used in MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Internet-Drafts and RFCs in the Context of the ITU-T's Transport Network Recommendations Bridging terminology between MPLS-TP and ITU-T transport networks RFC 7128 RPKI Router Report Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Router Implementation Report A survey of how different vendors implement the RPKI Router protocol. RFC 7167 P2MP MPLS-TP Framework A Framework for Point-to-Multipoint MPLS in Transport Networks How MPLS Transport Profile sends data from one source to multiple destinations. RFC 7190 Use of Multipath with MPLS and MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) How to use multipath techniques with MPLS-TP for high-bandwidth networks RFC 7211 Operations Model for Router Keying Guidelines for managing router authentication keys in networks RFC 7289 Carrier-Grade NAT (CGN) Deployment with BGP/MPLS IP VPNs Using MPLS VPNs to integrate carrier-grade NAT in operator networks RFC 7492 Analysis of Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Security According to the Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Design Guidelines A gap analysis of BFD's authentication: replay holes, aging algorithms and CPU costs, measured against the KARP guidelines. RFC 7625 Architecture of an IP/MPLS Network with Hardened Pipes Reserving guaranteed bandwidth in IP/MPLS networks RFC 7690 Close Encounters of the ICMP Type 2 Kind (Near Misses with ICMPv6 Packet Too Big (PTB)) When load balancers drop error messages about packet size RFC 7709 Requirements for Very Fast Setup of GMPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs) Scaling up dynamic circuit setup for cloud and data centers RFC 7732 MPL Admin-Local Policy Forwarder Policy for Multicast with Admin-Local Scope in the Multicast Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (MPL) Automatic policy for routing multicast messages within site boundaries. RFC 7747 BGP Convergence Bench Basic BGP Convergence Benchmarking Methodology for Data-Plane Convergence How to measure how fast routers switch to backup paths when a link fails RFC 7789 Impact of BGP Filtering on Inter-Domain Routing Policies How prefix filtering can create unexpected network traffic patterns RFC 7814 Virtual Subnet Virtual Subnet: A BGP/MPLS IP VPN-Based Subnet Extension Solution Extend a subnet across data centers using BGP/MPLS IP VPNs RFC 7834 LISP Impact Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Impact How separating network addresses from network locations changes routing. RFC 7868 EIGRP Cisco's Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) A distance-vector routing protocol that uses DUAL to compute loop-free paths efficiently. RFC 7910 Interoperability between the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol and PIM Keeping multicast flowing when routers fail over RFC 8043 SADR Host Problem Space Source-Address-Dependent Routing and Source Address Selection for IPv6 Hosts: Overview of the Problem Space Why computers with multiple networks must choose which source address to use RFC 8112 LISP-DDT RIG Locator/ID Separation Protocol Delegated Database Tree (LISP-DDT) Referral Internet Groper (RIG) A diagnostic tool for querying the LISP delegated database hierarchy. RFC 8116 OLSRv2 Threats Security Threats to the Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2 (OLSRv2) Security vulnerabilities in mobile ad hoc network routing and how to mitigate them. RFC 8151 NVO3 Use Cases Use Cases for Data Center Network Virtualization Overlay Networks Overlays for virtual networks in modern data centers RFC 8195 BGP Large Communities Use of BGP Large Communities Practical methods for organizing and using BGP Large Communities RFC 8220 PIM over VPLS Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) over Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) How to efficiently deliver multicast content within virtual private networks by listening to routing requests. RFC 8256 Path Segment Monitoring Requirements for Hitless MPLS Path Segment Monitoring On-demand monitoring of MPLS path segments without traffic disruption. RFC 8355 SPRING resiliency Resiliency Use Cases in Source Packet Routing in Networking (SPRING) Networks Recovery from network failures in segment routing networks. RFC 8374 BGPsec design choices BGPsec Design Choices and Summary of Supporting Discussions Design decisions for route signing in Border Gateway Protocol. RFC 8386 Multicast privacy Privacy Considerations for Protocols Relying on IP Broadcast or Multicast Protocols that broadcast on the local network leak private information to passive eavesdroppers. RFC 8388 EVPN applicability Usage and Applicability of BGP MPLS-Based Ethernet VPN A worked example of Ethernet VPN across three provider routers, showing what to configure and what each choice costs. RFC 8426 Recommendations for RSVP-TE and Segment Routing (SR) Label Switched Path (LSP) Coexistence Running two advanced routing protocols safely in the same network during transition RFC 8454 ACTN Info Model Information Model for Abstraction and Control of TE Networks (ACTN) The structure and objects for abstracting and controlling multi-domain traffic engineering networks. RFC 8541 Impact of Shortest Path First (SPF) Trigger and Delay Strategies on IGP Micro-loops How router coordination timing shapes packet-forwarding loops RFC 8604 Segment Routing at Scale Interconnecting Millions of Endpoints with Segment Routing Scaling networks to hundreds of thousands of nodes with efficient routing RFC 8678 Multihoming without NPT Enterprise Multihoming using Provider-Assigned IPv6 Addresses without Network Prefix Translation: Requirements and Solutions Multihoming with IPv6 provider-assigned addresses without translation. RFC 8694 PCE inter-area/AS Applicability of the Path Computation Element to Inter-area and Inter-AS MPLS and GMPLS Traffic Engineering Extends path computation across multiple network areas and domains. RFC 8897 RPKI RP Requirements Requirements for Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Relying Parties A single reference for all the rules RPKI relying party software must follow. RFC 8965 Babel Applicability Applicability of the Babel Routing Protocol When a simple distance-vector routing protocol works better than complex alternatives RFC 9062 EVPN OAM Framework Framework and Requirements for Ethernet VPN (EVPN) Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Tools and layers for diagnosing and monitoring Ethernet VPN networks. RFC 9119 Multicast over Wireless Multicast Considerations over IEEE 802 Wireless Media Why multicast fails on Wi-Fi and what to do about it. RFC 9160 Export of MPLS Segment Routing Label Type Information in IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) New IPFIX code points to identify which routing protocol allocated an MPLS Segment Routing label. RFC 9320 DetNet Bounded Latency Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Bounded Latency Computing guaranteed delivery times for critical industrial and real-time systems. RFC 9433 SRv6 Mobile User Plane Segment Routing over IPv6 for the Mobile User Plane Using Segment Routing over IPv6 to simplify the data plane of mobile networks. RFC 9469 EVPN for NVO3 Applicability of Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) to Network Virtualization over Layer 3 (NVO3) Networks A control plane for managing virtualized networks at scale RFC 9634 DetNet IP OAM Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) for Deterministic Networking (DetNet) with the IP Data Plane Testing and managing networks that promise to deliver packets on time. RFC 9657 TVR Use Cases Time-Variant Routing (TVR) Use Cases Routing optimization when network changes occur at predictable times. RFC 9689 PCECC Use Cases Use Cases for a PCE as a Central Controller (PCECC) How a central controller can compute and install network traffic paths. RFC 9717 Satellite Routing A Routing Architecture for Satellite Networks A scalable routing architecture for satellite networks using existing protocols enhanced with orbital link schedules. RFC 9723 BGP CPR for SRv6 BGP Colored Prefix Routing (CPR) for Services Based on Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) Advertises IPv6 prefixes with colors in BGP to establish intent-aware paths for SRv6 services across domains. RFC 9730 GMPLS + Controllers Interworking of GMPLS Control and Centralized Controller Systems How distributed and centralized network control systems work together in transport networks. RFC 9732 NRP Enhanced VPN A Framework for NRP-Based Enhanced Virtual Private Networks Combining VPNs with dedicated network resources to guarantee performance for demanding applications. RFC 9860 MoFRR with TI-LFA Multicast-Only Fast Reroute (MoFRR) Based on Topology Independent Loop-Free Alternate (TI-LFA) Fast Reroute Using topology-independent backup paths for fast multicast rerouting. RFC 9889 5G slices over IP/MPLS A Realization of Network Slices for 5G Networks Using Current IP/MPLS Technologies How to build isolated network lanes for 5G services using standard IP and MPLS. RFC 9913 RAW technologies Reliable and Available Wireless (RAW) Technologies A survey of wireless technologies suitable for reliable and available communications. RFC 9938 DetNet controller plane A Framework for the Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Controller Plane Framework for controlling deterministic networks that guarantee delivery timing. RFC 9962 LISP-Decent A Decentralized Locator/ID Separation Protocol Mapping System (LISP-Decent) Decentralized mapping system where LISP nodes manage their own routing directories. RFC 9974 BIER OAM requirements Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Requirements for the Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) Layer What operations teams need to monitor and manage a BIER multicast network RFC 985 Requirements for Internet gateways - draft A May 1986 draft checklist of what a vendor's Internet gateway must support, written for NSF networks but meant for everyone. RFC 1656 BGP-4 Roadmap BGP-4 Protocol Document Roadmap and Implementation Experience A guide to the documents that define BGP-4 and report on implementation experience. RFC 1716 Towards Requirements for IP Routers Comprehensive IP router design and operational requirements RFC 3786 Extending the Number of Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Link State PDU (LSP) Fragments Beyond the 256 Limit Workaround to extend IS-IS routing to support more than 256 link-state fragments. RFC 4126 MAR bandwidth model Max Allocation with Reservation Bandwidth Constraints Model for Diffserv-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering & Performance Comparisons A bandwidth allocation model that reserves protection for each class while sharing available space. RFC 7447 Deprecation of BGP Entropy Label Capability Attribute Retires the BGP Entropy Label Capability attribute, which could not work as an optional transitive attribute. RFC 7917 Advertising Node Administrative Tags in IS-IS A way for IS-IS routers to carry 32-bit group labels that network policies can match on. RFC 8602 TRIP IANA Postal Rule Update to the Telephony Routing over IP (TRIP) IANA Registry Rules regarding Postal Addresses IANA no longer collects postal addresses for TRIP registry entries, for a privacy benefit. RFC 9104 BGP-LS Ext Admin Groups Distribution of Traffic Engineering Extended Administrative Groups Using the Border Gateway Protocol - Link State (BGP-LS) A new BGP-LS TLV that carries extended administrative groups, the longer link colors used in traffic engineering. RFC 9117 BGP Flowspec Validation Revised Validation Procedure for BGP Flow Specifications A small change to BGP Flow Specification validation so a central controller inside your own network can originate filters. RFC 9515 BMP registry procedures Revision to Registration Procedures for Multiple BMP Registries Simplifies registration procedures for BGP Monitoring Protocol IANA registries. RFC 9570 LSP ping Router Alert Deprecating the Use of Router Alert in LSP Ping LSP ping no longer needs the IP Router Alert Option, and gets a proper IPv6 loopback address. RFC 9650 IS-IS Link Attr Registry Revision to Registration Procedures for IS-IS Neighbor Link-Attribute Bit Values Relaxes approval rules for IS-IS neighbor link attribute bit registration. RFC 9790 Post-stack first nibble IANA Registry and Processing Recommendations for the First Nibble Following a Label Stack A registry and standards for the first 4 bits following an MPLS label stack. RFC 5467 GMPLS Asymmetric LSPs GMPLS Asymmetric Bandwidth Bidirectional Label Switched Paths (LSPs) GMPLS can now support bidirectional label switched paths with different bandwidth in each direction. RFC 5787 OSPFv2 for ASON OSPFv2 Routing Protocols Extensions for Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) Routing Extending OSPF routing to control optical transport networks. RFC 1125 Inter-domain Policy Policy requirements for inter Administrative Domain routing A 1989 list of what independently run networks will want to control when routing traffic between each other. RFC 1136 Administrative Domains Administrative Domains and Routing Domains: A model for routing in the Internet A better way to model how the Internet organizes routing and administration. RFC 2771 An Abstract API for Multicast Address Allocation How applications request, manage, and release multicast group addresses. RFC 4940 IANA Considerations for OSPF IANA guidance for assigning code points in OSPF protocols. RFC 6441 Time to Remove Filters for Previously Unallocated IPv4 /8s Stop blocking IPv4 address space that has now been fully allocated. RFC 6671 MPLS-TP OAM ACh Type Allocation of a Generic Associated Channel Type for ITU-T MPLS Transport Profile Operation, Maintenance, and Administration (MPLS-TP OAM) IANA assigns a G-ACh Type for ITU-T G.8113.1 OAM messages in MPLS-TP, with an IESG note that the IETF does not endorse it. RFC 6732 6to4-PMT 6to4 Provider Managed Tunnels A way to fix broken IPv6 tunnels in systems running on shared IPv4 addresses. RFC 8815 Deprecate ASM Deprecating Any-Source Multicast (ASM) for Interdomain Multicast Moving interdomain multicast toward simpler, more secure Source-Specific Multicast. RFC 10019 Zeroconf multicast Zeroconf Multicast Address Allocation Problem Statement and Requirements Finding unused multicast addresses automatically without central coordination. RFC 1476 RAP RAP: Internet Route Access Protocol An open distance-vector routing protocol for all scales of the Internet RFC 1768 CLNP multicast Host Group Extensions for CLNP Multicasting Extensions to send one message to groups of receivers on OSI networks using CLNP. RFC 2337 Intra-LIS IP multicast among routers over ATM using Sparse Mode PIM Multicast routing over ATM without needing a dedicated server. RFC 3988 Maximum Transmission Unit Signalling Extensions for the Label Distribution Protocol Automatic MTU discovery for MPLS tunnels RFC 4045 L2TP Multicast Extension Extensions to Support Efficient Carrying of Multicast Traffic in Layer-2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Efficient forwarding of multicast streams through L2TP tunnels RFC 4624 MSDP MIB Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) MIB An experimental SNMP MIB that lets operators monitor and configure routers speaking the Multicast Source Discovery Protocol. RFC 4728 DSR for IPv4 The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for IPv4 Source routing for wireless mobile networks without infrastructure. RFC 4973 OSPF-xTE OSPF-xTE: Experimental Extension to OSPF for Traffic Engineering Experimental traffic engineering extensions to OSPF for managing network resources RFC 5058 Xcast Explicit Multicast (Xcast) Concepts and Options Explicit multicast for large numbers of small groups RFC 5523 OSPFv3 L1VPN discovery OSPFv3-Based Layer 1 VPN Auto-Discovery Using OSPFv3 to discover Layer 1 VPN connections with IPv6 support. RFC 5747 4over6 Transit Solution Using IP Encapsulation and MP-BGP Extensions Connecting IPv4 islands across an IPv6 backbone automatically RFC 6179 IRON The Internet Routing Overlay Network (IRON) An overlay network for scalable routing without changing the Internet. RFC 6601 MPLS GCAC Generic Connection Admission Control (GCAC) Algorithm Specification for IP/MPLS Networks Bandwidth admission control algorithm for protecting VoIP calls in MPLS networks RFC 6693 PRoPHET Probabilistic Routing Protocol for Intermittently Connected Networks Probabilistic routing for networks with intermittent connectivity using history of node encounters. RFC 6706 AERO Asymmetric Extended Route Optimization (AERO) Safer route shortcuts on shared links using mediated redirection. RFC 6748 ILNP deployment Optional Advanced Deployment Scenarios for the Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP) Advanced optional deployment patterns for networks using identifier-locator separation. RFC 6807 PIM population count Population Count Extensions to Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) A way for multicast routers to count receivers and characterize distribution trees. RFC 6882 Support for Resource Reservation Protocol Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) in Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks (L3VPNs) Extensions to RSVP-TE for quality-of-service tunnels within BGP/MPLS Layer 3 virtual private networks. RFC 6971 DFF Depth-First Forwarding (DFF) in Unreliable Networks Forwarding packets through alternate paths when the direct route fails, for unreliable networks RFC 7052 LISP MIB Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) MIB A dashboard for operators to monitor LISP routers and networks with SNMP tools. RFC 7161 PMIPv6 SIAL Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) Multicast Handover Optimization by the Subscription Information Acquisition through the LMA (SIAL) Speed up multicast delivery during mobile handovers using subscription information from the network. RFC 7287 Mobile Multicast Sender Support in Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) Domains Enable mobile devices to send multicast while moving, transparently from the sender's perspective. RFC 7367 SMF MIB Definition of Managed Objects for the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Simplified Multicast Framework Relay Set Process Management tools for multicast forwarding in mobile mesh networks. RFC 7409 ForCES Parallelization Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) Packet Parallelization Processing multiple packet streams at once in network forwarding elements. RFC 7779 OLSRv2 DAT Metric Directional Airtime Metric Based on Packet Sequence Numbers for Optimized Link State Routing Version 2 (OLSRv2) Directional Airtime metric for wireless routing to prefer fast links over slow ones RFC 8378 Signal-free LISP Signal-Free Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Multicast Deliver multicast traffic across LISP sites without native multicast in the core. RFC 8424 Extensions to RSVP-TE for Label Switched Path (LSP) Ingress Fast Reroute (FRR) Protection Protect the first router of a traffic-engineered path from failures, not just the middle ones. RFC 9229 IPv4 Routes with an IPv6 Next Hop in the Babel Routing Protocol Extending the Babel routing protocol to route IPv4 over IPv6 next hops RFC 9377 IS-IS Flood Reflection IS-IS Flood Reflection A scalability technique for multi-area IS-IS networks using flood reflectors. RFC 9612 BFD reverse path MPLS Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Reverse Path for MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs) Specify the return path for failure detection on one-way MPLS tunnels. RFC 9631 IPv6 CRH The IPv6 Compact Routing Header (CRH) Compact encoding for IPv6 source routing with minimal header overhead. RFC 9681 IS-IS Fast Flooding IS-IS Fast Flooding Speeding up router-to-router topology updates for larger networks RFC 9757 PCEP for native IP Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extensions for Native IP Networks Central control of paths in plain IP networks without MPLS tunneling RFC 9832 BGP Classful Transport BGP Classful Transport Planes Let customers pick fast lanes or cheap lanes, and BGP matches services to the right paths RFC 9871 BGP CAR BGP Color-Aware Routing (CAR) BGP routes that carry an intent, called a color, so one destination can have a separate path per intent across many domains. RFC 9978 BFD stability Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Stability A way for BFD to count the control packets it silently misses, using a sequence number that goes up by one every time. RFC 3171 IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments How IANA assigns IPv4 addresses for group messaging RFC 7180 TRILL Updates Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Clarifications, Corrections, and Updates Fixes, clarifications and small additions for the TRILL base protocol, from overloaded switches to MTU rules. RFC 8203 BGP Shutdown Message BGP Administrative Shutdown Communication A way for a BGP router to say why it is closing a session, in a short text note inside the message itself. RFC 6938 Deprecation of BGP Path Attributes: DPA, ADVERTISER, and RCID_PATH / CLUSTER_ID IANA marks three never-used BGP path attributes as deprecated. RFC 7537 LSP Ping Registries IANA Registries for LSP Ping Code Points Creates IANA registries for four sets of MPLS LSP Ping code points that earlier RFCs left unregistered. RFC 8093 Deprecation of BGP Path Attribute Values 30, 31, 129, 241, 242, and 243 Marking unused BGP attribute values as deprecated. RFC 9721 EVPN-IRB Mobility Extended Mobility Procedures for Ethernet VPN Integrated Routing and Bridging (EVPN-IRB) Handling host mobility when IP and MAC addresses move independently RFC 9825 OSPF prefix tags Extensions to OSPF for Advertising Prefix Administrative Tags Let routers label networks with multiple administrative tags for policy and optimization. RFC 6166 PIM Message Registry A Registry for PIM Message Types A central registry for Protocol Independent Multicast message types. RFC 7674 Flowspec Redirect Clarification of the Flowspec Redirect Extended Community Clarifies how BGP Flowspec redirects traffic using Route Target formats. RFC 2908 Multicast MALLOC The Internet Multicast Address Allocation Architecture A three-layer architecture for handing out multicast addresses without collisions. RFC 9029 BGP-LS Registry Policy Updates to the Allocation Policy for the Border Gateway Protocol - Link State (BGP-LS) Parameters Registries Changing IANA allocation policy for BGP-LS parameters registries. RFC 8113 LISP Shared Extension Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP): Shared Extension Message & IANA Registry for Packet Type Allocations One flexible message type for LISP extensions instead of allocating a new type for each. RFC 3474 Documentation of IANA assignments for Generalized MultiProtocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Usage and Extensions for Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON) GMPLS signaling extensions for automatic switched optical networks. RFC 4859 Codepoint Registry for the Flags Field in the Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Session Attribute Object A registry for the flag bits in RSVP-TE session messages RFC 7682 Considerations for Internet Routing Registries (IRRs) and Routing Policy Configuration Why Internet Routing Registries never lived up to their promise for routing policy, and which of the old excuses no longer hold. RFC 8131 RSVP-TE Signaling Procedure for End-to-End GMPLS Restoration and Resource Sharing How RSVP-TE signaling keeps failed paths reserved while a restoration path is set up, shares resources, and reverts traffic afterwards. RFC 730 Extensible field addressing Breaking network addresses into fields that can grow independently RFC 831 Backup access to the European side of SATNET Using IP source routing to reach Europe when a satellite link fails. RFC 898 Gateway special interest group meeting notes Notes from a 1984 meeting of Internet gateway designers on routing and network interconnection. RFC 911 EGP Gateway under Berkeley UNIX 4.2 Implementing exterior routing on Berkeley UNIX 4.2 systems RFC 1397 BGP default route Default Route Advertisement In BGP2 and BGP3 Version of The Border Gateway Protocol How older BGP versions advertise a fallback route RFC 1469 IP Multicast over Token-Ring Local Area Networks Transmitting group messages over ring-shaped local networks RFC 1481 CIDR IAB Recommendation for an Intermediate Strategy to Address the Issue of Scaling An emergency plan to extend the life of IPv4 addresses RFC 1482 Aggregation Support in the NSFNET Policy-Based Routing Database Supporting route aggregation in NSFNET backbone routing RFC 1520 Exchanging Routing Information Across Provider Boundaries in the CIDR Environment Guidance for routing information exchange during CIDR deployment RFC 1817 CIDR vs Classful CIDR and Classful Routing How CIDR affected networks using older address technology RFC 3913 BGMP Border Gateway Multicast Protocol (BGMP): Protocol Specification A protocol for routing multicast data between independent networks RFC 5143 SONET/SDH CEM Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) Circuit Emulation Service over MPLS (CEM) Encapsulation An old way to send traditional phone and circuit-switched signals over packet networks RFC 5773 Analysis of Inter-Domain Routing Requirements and History How the current internet routing system measures up against its original requirements. RFC 6348 Requirements for Point-to-Multipoint Extensions to the Label Distribution Protocol Functional requirements for extending LDP to support one-to-many routing. RFC 7436 IPLS IP-Only LAN Service (IPLS) A simplified Virtual Private LAN Service designed for connecting IP-only networks. RFC 7955 LISP EID Block Mgmt Management Guidelines for the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Endpoint Identifier (EID) Block How to register and manage IPv6 prefixes from the LISP EID address block