RFC 7218 PROPOSED STANDARD DANE · DNS · REGISTRIES

Adding Acronyms to Simplify Conversations about DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE)

Short names for the three numeric fields of a TLSA record, added to the IANA DANE registries.

On rfc-editor.org ↗
PUBLISHED
April 2014
AUTHORS
O. Gudmundsson
STREAM
IETF
BUILDS ON
RFC 6698 — DANE TLSA
TLSA FIELDS NAMED
3
PRIVATE USE VALUE
255 in each registry
CASE SENSITIVITY
Does not matter
DOI
10.17487/RFC7218

RFC text

Contents
Original text · RFC Editor View on rfc-editor.org ↗
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                    O. Gudmundsson
Request for Comments: 7218                                 Shinkuro Inc.
Updates: 6698                                                 April 2014
Category: Standards Track
ISSN: 2070-1721


            Adding Acronyms to Simplify Conversations about
           DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE)

Abstract

   Experience has shown that people get confused when discussing the
   three numeric fields of the TLSA record.  This document specifies
   descriptive acronyms for the three numeric fields in TLSA records.
   This document updates the format of the IANA registry created by RFC
   6698.

Status of This Memo

   This is an Internet Standards Track document.

   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
   Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.

   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
   http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7218.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     2.1.  TLSA Certificate Usages Registry  . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.2.  TLSA Selectors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.3.  TLSA Matching Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Examples of Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  TLSA Records Using/Displaying the Acronyms  . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  Acronym Use in a Specification Example  . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   5.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   6.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     6.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     6.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5

1.  Introduction

   During discussions on how to add DNS-Based Authentication of Named
   Entities (DANE) [RFC6698] technology to new protocols and services,
   people were repeatedly confused as to what the numeric values stood
   for and even the order of the fields of a TLSA record (note that TLSA
   is not an acronym but a name).  This document updates the IANA
   registry definition for the TLSA record to add a column containing an
   acronym for each specified field, in order to reduce confusion.  This
   document does not change the DANE protocol in any way.

   It is expected that DANE parsers in applications and DNS software can
   adopt parsing the acronyms for each field.

2.  IANA Considerations

   This document applies to the "DNS-Based Authentication of Named
   Entities (DANE) Parameters" registry located at <http://www.iana.org/
   assignments/dane-parameters>.  IANA has added a column with an
   acronym to each of the sub-registries.

   [RFC6698] and this document are the referenced documents for the
   three sub-registries.

   As these acronyms are offered for human consumption, case does not
   matter; it is expected that software that parses TLSA records will
   handle upper-, mixed-, or lower-case characters as input.

2.1.  TLSA Certificate Usages Registry

   The reference for this registry has been updated to include both
   [RFC6698] and this document.

    +-------+----------+--------------------------------+-------------+
    | Value | Acronym  | Short Description              | Reference   |
    +-------+----------+--------------------------------+-------------+
    |   0   | PKIX-TA  | CA constraint                  | [RFC6698]   |
    |   1   | PKIX-EE  | Service certificate constraint | [RFC6698]   |
    |   2   | DANE-TA  | Trust anchor assertion         | [RFC6698]   |
    |   3   | DANE-EE  | Domain-issued certificate      | [RFC6698]   |
    | 4-254 |          | Unassigned                     |             |
    |  255  | PrivCert | Reserved for Private Use       | [RFC6698]   |
    +-------+----------+--------------------------------+-------------+

                     Table 1: TLSA Certificate Usages

2.2.  TLSA Selectors

   The reference for this registry has been updated to include both
   [RFC6698] and this document.

       +-------+---------+--------------------------+-------------+
       | Value | Acronym | Short Description        | Reference   |
       +-------+---------+--------------------------+-------------+
       |   0   | Cert    | Full certificate         | [RFC6698]   |
       |   1   | SPKI    | SubjectPublicKeyInfo     | [RFC6698]   |
       | 2-254 |         | Unassigned               |             |
       |  255  | PrivSel | Reserved for Private Use | [RFC6698]   |
       +-------+---------+--------------------------+-------------+

                          Table 2: TLSA Selectors

2.3.  TLSA Matching Types

   The reference for this registry has been updated to include both
   [RFC6698] and this document.

      +-------+-----------+--------------------------+-------------+
      | Value | Acronym   | Short Description        | Reference   |
      +-------+-----------+--------------------------+-------------+
      |   0   | Full      | No hash used             | [RFC6698]   |
      |   1   | SHA2-256  | 256 bit hash by SHA2     | [RFC6234]   |
      |   2   | SHA2-512  | 512 bit hash by SHA2     | [RFC6234]   |
      | 3-254 |           | Unassigned               |             |
      |  255  | PrivMatch | Reserved for Private Use | [RFC6698]   |
      +-------+-----------+--------------------------+-------------+

                       Table 3: TLSA Matching Types

3.  Examples of Usage

   Two examples are described below.

3.1.  TLSA Records Using/Displaying the Acronyms

   _666._tcp.first.example.  TLSA PKIX-TA CERT SHA2-512 {blob}
   _666._tcp.second.example.  TLSA DANE-TA SPKI SHA2-256 {blob}

3.2.  Acronym Use in a Specification Example

   Protocol FOO only allows TLSA records using PKIX-EE and DANE-EE, with
   selector SPKI, and using SHA2-512.

4.  Security Considerations

   This document only changes registry fields and does not change the
   behavior of any protocol.  The hope is to reduce confusion, which
   would lead to better specification and operations.

5.  Acknowledgements

   Scott Schmit offered really good suggestions to decrease the
   possibility of confusion.  Viktor Dukhovni provided comments from the
   expert point of view.  Jim Schaad, Wes Hardaker, and Paul Hoffman
   provided feedback during WGLC.  Dan Romascanu and Tobias Gondrom
   pointed out a few defects during the IESG last call.

6.  References

6.1.  Normative References

   [RFC6698]  Hoffman, P. and J. Schlyter, "The DNS-Based Authentication
              of Named Entities (DANE) Transport Layer Security (TLS)
              Protocol: TLSA", RFC 6698, August 2012.

6.2.  Informative References

   [RFC6234]  Eastlake, D. and T. Hansen, "US Secure Hash Algorithms
              (SHA and SHA-based HMAC and HKDF)", RFC 6234, May 2011.

Author's Address

   Olafur Gudmundsson
   Shinkuro Inc.
   4922 Fairmont Av, Suite 250
   Bethesda, MD  20814
   USA

   EMail: ogud@ogud.com

AI ELI5

On this page
PROBLEMPeople discussing DANE kept getting confused about what the three numeric TLSA fields mean and even what order they come in.
MECHANISMThe RFC adds an acronym column to the three IANA sub-registries, covering certificate usage, selector and matching type.
WHY IT MATTERSThe DANE protocol itself does not change. The acronyms are for human use, and parsers are expected to accept them in any letter case. It updates RFC 6698.

§1Confusing Numbers

While discussing how to add DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE, RFC 6698) to new protocols, people were repeatedly confused about what the numeric values of a TLSA record stood for, and even the order of its fields. The RFC notes that TLSA is a name, not an acronym.

It adds an acronym column to the IANA registry definition to reduce the confusion. It does not change the DANE protocol in any way, and DANE parsers in applications and DNS software are expected to be able to parse the acronyms.

People kept mixing up which number meant what. Names are easier to remember than numbers.

§2The Three Registries

IANA added an acronym column to each sub-registry of the DANE Parameters registry. Since acronyms are for human consumption, case does not matter, and software that parses TLSA records is expected to accept upper, mixed or lower case.

  • Certificate Usages: 0 is PKIX-TA, 1 is PKIX-EE, 3 is DANE-EE, and 255 is PrivCert for private use.
  • Selectors: 0 is Cert (full certificate), 1 is SPKI (SubjectPublicKeyInfo), and 255 is PrivSel.
  • Matching Types: 0 is Full (no hash), 1 is SHA2-256, 2 is SHA2-512, and 255 is PrivMatch.

Each of the three dials now has names printed next to the numbers, like a label saying which setting is which.

§3Using the Acronyms

The RFC shows TLSA records written with acronyms in place of numbers, for example _666._tcp.first.example. TLSA PKIX-TA CERT SHA2-512 {blob}. It also shows how a specification can use them. A protocol named FOO might allow only TLSA records using PKIX-EE and DANE-EE, with selector SPKI and SHA2-512.

Instead of saying "settings one, one, two", you can say the names, and everyone knows what you mean.

§4Security Considerations

The document only changes registry fields and does not change the behavior of any protocol. The hope is that reducing confusion leads to better specifications and operations.

Only the labels changed, not how the box works, so nothing gets less safe.

§5References