RFC 588 UNKNOWN INFRASTRUCTURE · HISTORY

London Node Is Now Up

The ARPANET reaches London with a node at the University of London

On rfc-editor.org ↗
PUBLISHED
October 1973
AUTHORS
A. Stokes
STREAM
Legacy
CAME ONLINE
Early September 1973
NETWORK ADDRESS
42
LOCATION
University of London Institute of Computer Science
DISTANCE TO RUTHERFORD LAB
60 miles
CONNECTION SPEED
2.4 Kbps
GUEST ACCOUNT CPU TIME PER WEEK
1 minute
DOI
10.17487/RFC0588

RFC text

Original text · RFC Editor View on rfc-editor.org ↗
Network Working Group                                          A. Stokes
Request for Comments: 588                                          UKICS
NIC: 20217                                                  October 1973


                         LONDON NODE IS NOW UP

   The London node of the ARPANET has been on the Net (Address 42) since
   early September.  It consists of a TIP (Address 170) and, at present,
   a local HOST (0), a PDP-9, which front-ends the Rutherford High
   Energy Laboratory 360/195 located 60 miles from London and connect to
   it by a 2.4 Kbps line.  The specific details of the 360 will soon
   appear in the Resource Notebook, but, in brief, it has 2 megabytes of
   fast store (750ns), a fixed head disk and a large number of other
   peripherals.  It operates under OS/MVT release 21.7 and HASP II
   version 3.1, with a locally written message switching system MAST and
   an interactive editor ELECTRIC.  In addition to the local hardware,
   it supports about 20 remote workstations, which are, in many cases
   GEC 2050s simulating IBM 1130s.  Eventually, other Hosts will be
   attached to the Very Distant Host Interface (Address 234).

   The PDP-9 at the Institute of Computer Science also simulates a 1130
   with 2 card readers, 2 card punches, two line printers, three MAST
   consoles, and a system console.  It has a 16K (18 bit) words store, a
   256K word drum and a number of devices usually attached by modem
   interfaces.  The 1130 simulator software has been interfaced to an
   ARPA system, which, at present, has IMP-HOST, HOST-HOST, ICP, and
   TELNET protocols.  The TELNET link is initially to the PDP-9 from
   whence the user may login to the 360 provided one of the two MAST
   ports is available (the third being for local use).  The access is to
   ELECTRIC, and the user may enter and edit files, submit them to the
   batch stream, and inspect the output interactively from a terminal.
   The facilities will be extended soon to allow the printing of jobs at
   TIPS and later the RJE and FTP protocols will be implemented.

   The 360 is available for limited experimental use, and a free login
   facility has been provided (GUEST).  This account has a very limited
   allowance (currently, 1min CPU time/week), and is designed only for
   demonstration purposes.

   All jobs under this account must be Class X, which has a maximum run
   time of 10secs.  Proper accounts, for which there will be no charge,
   can be arranged for appropriate users by contacting KIRSTEIN@ISI.  It
   is not planned, at present, to make the 360/195 a normal service
   HOST, like for example, the CCN machine.  However, the machine will
   be made available for cooperative projects involving a US group and
   an interested party in the UK.  Of particular interest to us are
   applications in Network measurements, high energy physics, and
   accelerator design, though other projects would be considered.

   Primitive HELP facilities exist on both the PDP-9 and the 360, and
   they are accessed by %H and TYPE JB=HELP, respectively.  Up to date
   details will be given in the message obtained on connecting to the
   PDP-9 and in the PDP-9 Help file.

   ... A typical scenario is attached.

   The intention is to keep the PDP-9/360 available as a HOST between
   19.00 and 09.00 local time, as well as a number of periods during the
   day (the local time is 8 or 9 hours ahead of California, and 5 hours
   ahead of the East Coast).  There will be no operator available on the
   PDP-9, although during the day and at least the early part of the
   evening, there will be users in the computer room who will give
   assistance where necessary.  The "operator's console" is a Teletype,
   so any messages sent during the night will be read in the morning,
   and we will try to send replies to all queries (if you tell us where
   to reply to Network mail for our site may be send to KRISTEIN@ISI, or
   to myself (IDENT=AVS) at the NIC.  Connection problems should be
   referred to Peter Higginson (NIC ident = PLH).

   ... Enc.

   HELLO 315
   @1 42
   LOGGER
    OPEN
   INDRA COMPUTING SERVICE - 17 27 GMT ON 06 NOV 73
   TYPE %H<CR> FOR HELP

   &h
   THE HOST AT ULICS IS A PDP-9 FRONT END TO AN IBM 360/195
   COMMANDS TO THE PDP-9 ARE:
   %HELP (%H)
   %LOGIN ID=**.ACCT=**
   %LOGOUT
   %OPERATOR (%O)
   %STATUS (%S)

   ALL COMMANDS TERMINATE WITH CARRIAGE RETURN
   WHEN NOT LOGGED IN TO 360 ALL LINES GO TO OPERATOR

   WILL USA USERS PLEASE TYPE A COUPLE OF LINES SAYING WHO THEY
   ARE BEFORE THEY LOG IN TO THE 360
   FOR FURTHER HELP LOGIN TO THE 360 WITH:
   %LOGIN GUEST
   AND IF SUCCESSFUL TYPE:
   TYPE JB=HELP

   THE IMB 360/195 IS UP

   THE SYSTEM HAS NO PROMPT AND ONLY TWO CONTROL CHARS:
   CTRL U TO CANCEL A LINE
   DELETE (177) TO DELETE A CHAR

   % login guest
   USER 8 F7 BL= 113/250 TL= 197 NL= 13 TG= 8 NG= 2 TJ= 0.01 NJ=  3
   SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT TONIGHT AS PER THE SCHEDULE BETWEEN 1730-
   1854HRS.
   **ELECTRIC TERMINATING IN 0 MINS 50 SECS. AVAILABLE AGAIN AT 1847
   HRS **
   %logout
   OK   F7 BL= 113/ 250 TL= 198 NL= 14 TG= 8 NG= 2 TJ= 0.01 NJ=  3
   @c

   CLOSED T
   CLOSED R

AI ELI5

On this page
PROBLEMIn early 1973, ARPANET had no presence in the United Kingdom, limiting access for UK researchers.
MECHANISMA TIP (Terminal Interface Processor) and PDP-9 host were installed at the University of London Institute of Computer Science, with the PDP-9 front-ending the Rutherford High Energy Laboratory's IBM 360/195 computer 60 miles away via a 2.4 Kbps line.
THE MILESTONEUK researchers could now use ARPANET to access the Rutherford 360, which offered capabilities in network measurements, high energy physics and accelerator design. The host was available for limited experimental use with a free guest account.

§1London Connects to ARPANET

Since early September 1973, the London node of the ARPANET (network address 42) has been online. It consists of a TIP (Terminal Interface Processor, address 170) and a local PDP-9 host computer (address 0) running at the University of London Institute of Computer Science (ULICS).

The PDP-9 serves as a front-end to the Rutherford High Energy Laboratory's IBM 360/195, located 60 miles from London and connected via a 2.4 Kbps (kilobits per second) line. This arrangement lets users in London access the large 360 computer for remote job entry and interactive work over the network.

London got connected to the ARPANET through a small computer that talks to a big research computer 60 miles away.

§2The IBM 360/195 and Available Resources

The Rutherford 360/195 is a substantial machine for the era, with 2 megabytes of fast store (750 nanosecond memory), a fixed-head disk, and many peripherals. It runs IBM's OS/MVT operating system release 21.7, HASP II (a job entry and spooling system) version 3.1, and a locally written message switching system called MAST plus an interactive editor called ELECTRIC. The system supports about 20 remote workstations, many of which are GEC 2050s simulating IBM 1130s.

Users connect via Telnet to the PDP-9, which simulates an IBM 1130 terminal with two card readers, two card punches, two line printers and three MAST consoles. The facility is available for limited experimental use. A free guest account (GUEST) is provided for demonstration, with a very limited allowance of 1 minute of CPU time per week and maximum job runtime of 10 seconds. Proper accounts for appropriate users can be arranged at no charge.

The 360 is a big research computer with lots of disk space and many attachments. Anyone can try a guest account with very limited time just to see what it does.

§3Access and Availability

The London node is primarily available between 19:00 and 09:00 local time (19 hours ahead of the American West Coast, 5 hours ahead of the East Coast), with additional availability during daytime periods when users are in the computer room. No operator is present overnight, but messages sent during off-hours will be read and answered in the morning. Contact details are KIRSTEIN@ISI for account arrangements and network mail, AVS (the RFC author, A. V. Stokes) at the NIC, or Peter Higginson (PLH at NIC) for connection problems.

Of particular interest to the operators are applications in network measurements, high energy physics and accelerator design, though other cooperative projects involving a US group and interested UK parties would be considered. The intention is not to make the 360/195 a regular service host like other network computers, but rather a facility for collaborative projects.

The computer is mostly available at night London time (morning in California). UK scientists can use it for physics research or to work with American collaborators on network projects.

§4Technical Protocols and Facilities

The PDP-9 has 16K 18-bit words of memory and a 256K-word drum for storage. It interfaces to the ARPANET using the IMP-HOST protocol (for talking to the ARPANET IMP), the HOST-HOST protocol (for talking to other hosts), the ICP (Initial Connection Protocol) for starting sessions, and the TELNET protocol for terminal interaction. The initial implementation allows Telnet login and access to the ELECTRIC editor for file entry, editing and submission to the batch stream, with interactive inspection of job output. RJE (Remote Job Entry) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol) implementations are planned.

Primitive help facilities are available on both the PDP-9 (via the %H command) and the 360 (via TYPE JB=HELP). A full help file is provided on the PDP-9 for users connecting for the first time.

The small computer uses all the standard network protocols to talk to other computers and handle remote login and file transfer.